超实用词汇学习笔记全集
经典实用新东方四级词汇学习笔记全集
如果四级想达到85分以上，词汇应该错6个以内。
Jump for the sun, at least you land on the moon. 目标定的高一点有好处。
4200单词要求对于4级考试，高三毕业是1800个单词。
我喜欢这里：I like here. Right: I like it here.
I can succeed. Right: I can do it. I can make it.
注意生活中的英语：Nike胜利女神。Just do it.
生活中的英语：Did you have a pleasant journey? (这时要用降调)
I am very much frightened because a girl named Monika stands beside me. Oh, thank god! He’s not the president now. (我很害怕)
I was just screwed up. (我一团糟)
四级考试中常见的考察词汇的题型：
I 押韵题型（押头韵、押尾韵）；
答案总在相似中，如果有三个一样，基本上就在其中了。
54. The rain was heavy and _A_ the land was flooded.
A consequently
B continuously
C constantly
D consistently
continue v. 继续，连续；continually adv. 时断时续地；continuously adv. 连续不断地。说不停的咳嗽时，continually是间歇的时断时续的咳嗽，continuously是一直不停的咳嗽。consequently adv. 因此，所以；(heavy rain大雨, light rain小雨)
constantly adv. 始终如一地，连续发生地；constant temperature 恒温
consistently adv. 一贯地，一致地；consistent adj. consistent policy 一贯的政策。
36. I hate people who _C_ the end of a film that you haven't seen before.
A revise
B rewrite
C reveal
D reverse
rewrite v. 重写，改写；revise vt. 修改，修正；reveal vt. 揭示，揭露；
reverse vt. 颠倒，使反转，使反向。(vers是词根，表示转动；re是前缀，表示向相反方向)
42. There were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s performance.
A preferable
B considerable
C possible
D available
performance n. 表演，演出，演奏；perform vt. possible adj. 可能的
动词后加able构成形容词通常表示“可…的”read -> readable accept -> acceptable consider vt. 考虑；considerable adj. (数量或尺寸)相当大(或多)的。
preferable adj. 更好的，更可取的；
available* adj. 可获得的，可利用的，可支配的。(重点词)
33. In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total _D_ for living expenses.
A acceptable
B applicable
C advisable
D available
living expenses 生活费；acceptable adj. 可接受的；
apply vt. 申请，应用；applicable adj. 可应用的，适当的，合适的；
advise vt. 建议；advice n. 建议；advisable adj. 明智的，可取的。
54. It is our _A_ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.
A consistent
B continuous
C considerate
D continual
achieve unity through peaceful means 通过和平手段取得统一；consistent policy 一贯政策II 构词法题型(词的转化，合成，派生)；
构成符合形容词的名词和数量词一律用单数。(见下面2个例题)
31. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _B_ movie could not hold our attention.
A three-hours
B three-hour
C three-hours’
D three-hour’s
267. Professor White wrote a _C_ report yesterday.
A two-thousand-words
B two-thousands-word
C two-thousand-word
D two-thousands-words
以ly结尾的不全是副词；friendly, lonely, lovely, likely, lively adj.
考试中常见的否定前缀：un-、dis-、in-、im-
56. _B_ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.
A Dislike
B Unlike
C Alike
D Liking
like vt. 喜欢；dislike vt. 不喜欢，厌恶；unlike prep. 不象…；
alike adj. & adv. 同样的(地)，相象的(地)；liking n. 爱好，嗜好；
take a liking for喜欢…，对…产生好感。
III 近义词含义比较；
44. There were some _A_ flowers on the table.
A artificial
B unnatural
C false
D unreal
unreal adj. 不真实的(不是真实世界所拥有的，虚幻的)；Ends justify means 不择手段；
false adj. 具有欺骗性的，假的，伪造的；false coin/passport/hair，a false tooth/false teeth unnatural adj. 不自然的，经常用来修饰人的行为举止，表示做作的，矫揉造作的。
artificial adj. 人造人为的artificial leg 假肢artificial leather 人造皮genuine leather 真皮
54. When people become unemployed, it is _C_ which is often worse than lack of wages.
A laziness
B poverty
C idleness
D inability
laziness n. 懒惰；poverty n. 贫穷；poor adj. 贫穷的；
idleness n. 无事可做(中性，有时也有贬义含义)；inability n. 没有能力，没有办法。
69. A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough _A_.
A nuisance
B trouble
C worry
D anxiety
invade 进攻，侵略；nuisance n. (具体的)令人讨厌的东西；trouble n. 烦恼，麻烦，问题；worry n. 担心，发愁；anxiety n. 焦虑。What a nuisance. 真是烦。
IV 搭配关系问题；
extent n. 程度；to... extent 到达…程度，在…程度之上；extent 只能和to搭配。
object vi. 反对；object + to + 动名词（动词的ing形式）。
objection n. 反对；objection + to + 动名词（动词的ing形式）。
V 形相近，意相远；
65. In Britain, the best season of the year is probably _A_ spring.
A late
B last
C latter
D later
late adj. 晚的，晚于通常时间的；late spring 晚春、暮春；last adj. 最后的，最终的；
later adj. 更晚的（late的比较级）、时间概念后一半的；只适用于表示某个世纪的后半期；The later twentieth century. 二十世纪的后一半。
latter adj. （两者中）后者的；former adj. （两者中）前者的；
59. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _B_ in the market.
A batteries
B bargains
C baskets
D barrels
battery n. 电池；bargain n. 特价商品；It’s really a bargain. 你真会买东西，不是说真便宜。
basket n. 篮子；barrel n. 桶；wonderful bargain 物美价廉的商品；bargain v. 讨价还价；
53. Remember that customers don’t _D_ about prices in that city.
A debate
B consult
C dispute
D bargain
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41. The bridge was named _A_ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.
A after
B with
C by
D from
cause 事业；be named after 以…的名字命名；
42. There were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s performance.
A preferable
B considerable
C possible
D available
preferable adj. 更好的，更可取的；
358. _C_ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony.
A Inferior to
B Superior to
C Prior to
D Preferable to
具有比较意味的形容词只要与介词to搭配即可表示其比较级。super- 表示在…上方，超过…inferior adj. 低于…的，劣于…的；superior adj. 高于…的，优于…的；prior adj. 在…之前的
Revolutionary War 特指美国独立战争；second adj. 第二的（含有比较意味，也与to搭配）He is second to none. 首屈一指，无与伦比；
30. Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause of death.
A of
B to
C with
D from
43. It wasn't such a good dinner _C_ she had promised us.
A that
B which
C as
D what
such …that …如此…以至于…；sb + be + ___ + sth 空格处应为能加双宾语的动词；加双宾语的动词的用法：动词+ sb + sth（主动形式）；sb + be + pp + sth（被动形式）；
59. American women were _D_ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. [the right to vote 选举权]
A ignored
B neglected
C refused
D denied
deny v. 否认，拒绝；deny sb sth 拒绝给予某人某物；
44. They decided to chase the cow away _C_ it did more damage.
A unless
B until
C before
D although
45. _B_ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.
A Each
B Any
C Either
D One
common sense 常识；each 这个词在英语中强调的是个体与众不同的特点；
any 这个词强调的是很多东西在一起的共性；either 两者之间任何一个；
31. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _C_ chemist’s.
A each
B some
C any
D certain
46. All _D_ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A what is needed
B for our needs
C the thing needed
D that is needed
当all作定语从句的先行词时，从句只能用that来引导；all that = what
47. _A_ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A When compared
B Compare
C While comparing
D Comparing
本题的关键是弄清compare与mountain的关系；when 可以直接加过去分词；
before(after) + being + 过去分词；
44. After _A_ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A being interviewed
B interviewed
C interviewing
D having interviewed
They lose their health to make money, and they lose their money to restore health.
48. _C_ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist. [专家]
A That was from Stephen
B It was Stephen whom
C It was from Stephen that
D It was Stephen that
本题重点是强调句式；当被强调部分指人且在句子中作宾语时，其余部分可用whom引导；
49. If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller _D_.
A suit
B set
C one
D pair
50. Many new _A_ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
A opportunities
B necessities
C realities
D probabilities
51. He must have had an accident, or he _A_ then.
A would have been here
B had to be here
C should be here
D would be here must have + 过去分词表示对过去行为的肯定推测；
与过去事态相反用：情态动词+ have + 过去分词来体现虚拟语气；
must 一定，必须；needn't, don't have to 不必；
53. You _A_ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A needn’t have done
B must not have done
C shouldn’t have done
D can not have done
should have + 过去分词本应该，本应当；shouldn't have done本不应该，本不应当；
44. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you _D_ it.
A mustn’t have done
B wouldn’t have done
C mightn’t have done
D didn’t have to do
52. It was essential that the applications forms _C_ back before the deadline.
A must be sent
B would be sent
C be sent
D were sent
It be essential that 后面一定用虚拟语气，且句子谓语动词固定为(should) + 动词原型；It was essential that the applications forms send back before the deadline.
53. We _D_ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
A just have had
B have just had
C just had
D had just had
when 还可以表示①刚..就…（有动作先后关系）、②恰在此时；
44. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _D_ I heard voices.
A as
B while
C after
D when
45. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _C_ something occurred which attracted my attention.
A unless
B until
C when
D while
64. It was essential that these application forms _D_ back as early as possible.
A must be sent
B will be sent
C are sent
D be sent
第2课
非谓语动词与独立主格：短语，句子（或者句子，短语）
1.当短语部分有独立主语，并且该主语不同于句子主语，这时短语结构称为独立主格。（它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语）。
独立主格的结构1：名词（代词）+ 分词[现在分词、过去分词]
现在分词表示主动的，正在进行的行为；过去分词表示被动的，已经完成的行为。作题时要通过判断动作与名词（代词）之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词（代词）发出时使用现在分词，而名词（代词）是受动者时则用过去分词。
54. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.
A followed
B following
C to follow
D being followed
49. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered
B be considered
C considering
D having considered
call off 取消；cancel vt. 取消；四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。
独立主格的结构2：with + 名词（代词）+ 分词[句子当中作状语]
36. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged
B been encouraged
C being encouraged
D be encouraged
as well as 和（相当于and）；be encouraged不会考。
动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励；
been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对；being encouraged 正在被鼓励2.短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的结构：分词（分词短语）
句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词；如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。
43.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed
B performing
C to be performed
D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏；
to be performed 将要被演奏；being performed 正在被演奏；
一些特殊的动词：
第一点：forget 忘记；[反义] remember 记得；
这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为；这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事；forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事；
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事；remember doing sth. 记得做过某事；
62. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering
B him once offering
C him to offer
D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供；offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成his once offering 也正确。
动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。
动作发出者+ 动名词；当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格+ 动名词；当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词（宾格）+ 动名词。
形容词物主代词：his, her, my, your, their, our。代词宾格：him, her, me, you, us, them。
第二点：want 想要；want to do sth. 想做某事；want doing 客观需要或缺乏。
48. Your hair wants _B_. You'd better have it done tomorrow.
A cut
B cutting
C to cut
D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。
18. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning
B to clean
C being cleaned
D cleaned
第三点：mean 意味；mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲…；mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…
25. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making
B to make
C to have made
D having made
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55. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect
B be erected
C erecting
D being erected
watch 看电视用，看比赛用；see 看电影用；
感官动词watch, see, hear；感官动词+ 名词（代词）+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果；being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
56. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up
B gives in
C gives away
D gives off
give up 放弃；give in 屈服，让步；give off 释放，放出（烟和气体）；
give away 泄露，走漏风声；婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程；赠送礼品。
57. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed
B on informing
C informed
D informing
keep sb. + 分词；inform v. 通知，告知；inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
60. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which
B for which
C with which
D at which
fight with sb. （注意要看整个句子）；fight with + 工具用该工具来打仗。fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
61. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all
B above all
C after all
D over all
all in all 总而言之；above all 首先，尤其是；after all 毕竟，终究；overall 全面的，总体的in a word 总之，in short 简而言之，in conclusion 最后，总之，to sum up总之，总而言之。
62. _B_ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now
B Now that
C Ever since
D By now
now that 既然，由于（相当于since）；ever since 自从…以来。
与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式：
now that 既然，由于；in that 因为；except that 除…之外。
except后面加名词或代词；except that后面加句子。
63. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.
A attached to
B responsible to
C resistant to
D contrary to
be attached to 连接，附属；This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。responsible to 对…负有责任；resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的；water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 与..相反（相违背）。
64. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going
B not to go
C not having been going
D not to be going
regret doing 后悔做过某事；regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事（应用语境非常有限）。
63. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work
B out of stock
C out of reach
D out of practice
out of work 失业；out of reach 够不着within reach 够得着；out of practice 缺乏练习。
65. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out
B carried off
C carried on
D carried forward
in spite of 尽管；carry on 坚持，继续。
66. Mrs. Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week.
A to have left
B to be leaving
C to leave
D to have been left
be supposed to do sth. 应该（理应）做某事。
37. He’s watching TV? He’s _D_ to be cleaning his room.
A known
B considered
C regarded
D supposed
regard as 把…认作
67. My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A treated
B adjusted
C adopted
D remedied
treat 对待，处理；I’ll treat you. 我请客，应用于真正请客之前。It’s on me. 应用于结帐时。
adjust vt. 调整，调节；adopt vt. 收养，领养；remedy vt. 弥补，补救，修正；
68. A new technique _C_, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.
A working out
B having worked out
C having been worked out
D to have been worded out
yields 产量；work out 作出，推出
关于百分数之前介词的用法
increase to 80 percent 增加到80% （增加到用to）
increase by 60 percent增加了60% （表示增加的幅度用by）
55. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%.
A by
B for
C to
D in
69. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_.
A hurt
B damaged
C spoiled
D harmed
spoil vt. 宠坏，溺爱
70. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will _B_ over his business to his son.
A take
B hand
C think
D get
take over 接管接收；hand over 移交，交出；think over 仔细考虑；get over 克服，战胜。
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41. We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have _A_ one this month.
A another
B more
C the other
D other
不定代词：1 两者中的一个用one；另一个则用the other； 2 很多东西中的一个用one；
剩下的所有叫the others； 3 很多东西中的一个用one；剩下的所有里面再拿一个叫another；在剩下的里面再拿一个还叫another（单数概念）； 4 很多东西中拿了若干出来用some；
剩下所有叫others；other 后通常要加可数名词的复数形式；more 要用在数词的后面
once more 再来一个（用于很不正式的场合）vravo 再来一个（用于正式场合）
44. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_.
A the other
B any other
C another
D other
neither 两者中任意一者都不
42. It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.
A impression
B reaction
C comment
D opinion
reaction n. 反应；reaction to 对…作出反应。
43. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _D_.
A finish what I did
B finished what I did
C would finish what I was doing
D finished what I was doing
as soon as所引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态搭配有一种情况是主从句都用一般过去时。
45. We are interested in the weather because it _B_ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.
A benefits
B affects
C guides
D effects
affect vt. 影响；effect n. 影响。
46. Will all those _D_ the proposal raise their hands?
A in relation to
B in contrast to
C in excess of
D in favor of
in relation to 与…相比；in contrast to 与…形成对照；
in excess of 超过，超出（一定的限定范围）；in favor of 赞同，支持。
47. Children are very curious _D_.
A at heart
B in person
C on purpose
D by nature
at heart 在心理，在内心；heart 强调的是内心的感情，mind 强调的是思维，头脑，soul 灵魂
in person 亲自，本人；on purpose 有意的，故意的；by nature 生性（天性）使然。48. The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court.
A objected to having
B were objected to have
C objected to have
D were objected to having
58. The man in the corner confessed to _B_ a lie to the manager of the company.
A have told
B having told
C being told
D be told
confess v. 忏悔；confess to 承认，坦白。
49. The teacher doesn’t permit _C_ in class.
A smoke
B to smoke
C smoking
D to have a smoke
permit v. 允许，准许；permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事；permit doing 允许做某事。-------------------------2000-06-------------------------
21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _D_ it.
A postpone
B refuse
C delay
D cancel
22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _A_ you need.
A all the information
B all the informations
C all of information
D all of the informations
23. Not until the game had begun _C_ at the sports ground.
A had he arrived
B would he have arrived
C did he arrive
D should he have arrived
24. Young people are not _B_ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. [参与，参加]
A conservative
B content
C confident
D generous
conservative adj. 保守的；conservative party 保守党；content adj. 甘愿的，满足的；confident adj. 自信的，有信心的；generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的。
25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _C_.
A granted
B implied
C exaggerated
D remedied
maintain 坚持认为；medium n. 媒体单数，media n. 媒体复数；
grant vt. 授予，给予；imply vt. 隐含，暗示；exaggerate v. 夸大，夸张，高估；
remedy vt. 弥补，补救，修正。
26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go _A_ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them. [victims 受害人]
A unrecorded
B to be unrecorded
C unrecording
D to have been unrecorded
27. I have no objection _B_ your story again. [object to + 动名词]
A to hear
B to hearing
C to having heard
D to have heard
28. The clothes a person wears may express his _B_ or social position.
A curiosity
B status
C determination
D significance
status n. 身份，地位；significance n. 意义，重要性；
29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _D_ opportunity to change his mind.
A accurate
B urgent
C excessive
D adequate
accurate adj. 精确的；urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的；excessive adj. 过多的，过度的；adequate adj. 充足的，足够的。
30. You will see this product _B_ wherever you go.
A to be advertised
B advertised
C advertise
D advertising
31. The early pioneers had to _C_ many hardships to settle on the new land.
A go along with
B go back on
C go through
D go into
go through 经历
32. The suggestion that the major _B_ the prizes was accepted by everyone.
A would present
B present
C presents
D ought to present
suggestion, suggest 所引导的句子都用虚拟语气。should + （动词原形）
34. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _B_ at the next town.
A to stop
B stopping
C stop
D having stopped
suggest + doing也可以
33. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _A_ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.
A whose
B which
C that
D what
whose指代的就是他前面的male drinkers.
35. I didn't know the word. I had to _C_ a dictionary.
A look out
B make out
C refer to
D go over
look up 查阅；look up a word in a dictionary 在字典中查单词；
reference n. 参考书目；reference room 资料室；
36. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _D_ his arguments in favour of the new theory. [sufficient 充足的，足够的；grounds 论据；arguments 论点]
A to be based on
B to base on
C which to base on
D on which to base
base vt. 以…作基础，基于…which引导从句时，如果从句是介词结尾则介词应在which之前。
on which (he is) to base
37. There are signs _A_ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A that
B which
C in which
D whose
sign n. 迹象；fact n. 事实；evidence n. 证据；后面常加同位语从句来说明具体内容。
同位语从句用that（不能省略）引导。
38. I think I was at school, _A_ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news. [or else 否则，要不然]
A or else
B and then
C or so
D even so
39. It is said that the math teacher seems _A_ towards bright students.
A partial
B beneficial
C preferable
D liable
partial adj. 偏袒的，偏爱的（经常与to或towards搭配）
40. In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _C_ trouble over the figures. [figures 数目，数据；extra 额外的，附加的]
A extensive
B spare
C extra
D supreme
41. - "May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o'clock tonight?"
- "I'm sorry. Mr. Williams _A_ to a conference long before then."
A will have gone
B had gone
C would have gone
D has gone
当要表达将来的行为在将来的某时间之前完成用将来完成时，将来完成时结构：will have + p.p.
42. You _D_ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.
A shouldn't follow
B mustn't follow
C couldn't' have been following
D shouldn't have been following
should have + p.p. 本应该；shouldn’t have + p.p. 本不应该
43. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _D_ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.
A have allowed
B allow
C allowing
D allows
part-time 兼职；full-time 全职；flexible working patterns 弹性工作制；training 培训；retraining 再培训；take advantage 利用；
44. Everybody _A_ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.
A assembled
B accumulated
C piled
D joined
assembled 聚集；secretary 书记。
45. Putting in a new window will _B_ cutting away part of the roof.
A include
B involve
C contain
D comprise
involve 引起，与…直接有关
46. Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _C_ obtaining fresh water is not the least. [the least 最高级]
A with which
B for which
C of which
D which
42. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _C_ obtaining water is not the least. [the least 最高级]
A for which
B to which
C of which
D in which
47. In the _C_ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million. [in the event of 万一，如果]
A face
B time
C event
D course
in the face of 面对；in the time of 在…时期；in the course of 在…期间。
48. The manager would rather his daughter _D_ in the same office.
A had not worked
B not to work
C does not work
D did not work
would rather + 动词原形；would rather + 句子（用虚拟语气，句子谓语动词用一般过去时）
49. _D_, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.
A Although much he likes her
B Much although he likes her
C As he likes her much
D Much as he likes her
如果用although引导则应改成：Although he likes her very much, …
50. The British constitution is _B_ a large extent a product of the historical events described above. [无论是在空格前还是后，如果出现了名词extent要找介词就着to]
A within
B to
C by
D at
to a large extent 在很大程度上。
第3课
倒装：倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装。
谓语部分所有单词都放在主语前是全部倒装。谓语的一部分放在主语的前面是部分倒装。
谓语中的一部分通常是指：1、系动词；2、助动词；3、情态动词。
全部倒装的五条原则：
1. There be句型（表示有）；
2. 以There或now开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为come或go；
There you go again. 你又去那里了。
3. 以Here开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为系动词be；Here you are. 拿去。
4. 以副词out, in, up, down, away开头的句子；
在2、3、4前提下，如果句子的主语是代词则用陈述句语序。
5. 以状语（常见的是地点状语）开头的句子。
部分倒装的六条原则：
1. so放在句首时表示承前肯定，这个句子用部分倒装；
nor, neither放在句首时表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒装；
2. 省略了引导词if 的虚拟条件从句，可以把从句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一个提到从句最前面的位置，构成部分倒装；
3. as, though表示“尽管”时引导从句，从句中的表语可以置于引导词之前构成部分倒装；
系动词后面的部分就是表语，形容词、名词、名词性短语可以置于系动词之后。
例如：She is beautiful. They are students.
四级考试中出现的是由动词的过去分词转变的形容词作表语的形式。
26. _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
A Being published
B Published
C Publishing
D To be published
当题干是as引导一个从句，且as前为一个空格时他表示的就是尽管，空格处要填的就是表语。
being published 正在被出版；to be published 将要被出版。
此句恢复正常语序应为：As it was published at such a time …
4. 表示否定含义的单词或短语放在句首，句子用部分倒装；
常见的一些表示否定含义的单词：never, little, few, hardly (…when), scarcely (…when) ；seldom 难得，不常；nowhere 哪里都不。
常见的一些表示否定含义的短语：in no way 决不；on no account 决不；
under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不。
5. only + 状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装；（如果only去掉就是全部倒装）
43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.
A permitted are freshmen
B freshmen are permitted
C are freshmen permitted
D are permitted freshmen
freshmen 新生；make up for 弥补，补偿；make-up tests 补考（缓考）。
6. 注意两个表达形式：come what may 无论发生什么情况；say what you will 畅所欲言。-------------------------1991-06-------------------------
强调句式的补充内容：被强调部分是疑问词时的情况。
60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A why it does
B what it does
C what it is
D why it is
prevent sb. from doing sth. 妨碍（阻止）某人做某事。
强调部分本为：it is what that prevents so many …
又因为句中有疑问词，应写为：what is it that prevents so ...
但强调句式在句中作宾语成分，故正确写法为：what it is that …
50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.
A more than to go
B than going
C more than going
D rather than to go
than 除构成固定短语外就要与比较级搭配，不会单独出现；rather than + 动词原形；
平行结构，遇到平行结构时应做的两步：
1 找出连接词，
2 使要填部分与已给出的对应部分形式完全一样。
51. I appreciate _D_ to your home.
A to be invited
B to have invited
C having invited
D being invited
appreciate + 动名词（不能加动词原形，不能加句子）。
41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.
A you to keep
B your keeping
C that you keep
D that you will keep
your keeping 动名词的复合结构。you keeping 也是正确的。
52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.
A regard
B counting
C account
D observation
take sth. into account 考虑。
54. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.
A take away
B take over
C take up [占据]
D take in
55. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.
A got off
B got across
C got away
D got over
got over it 克服战胜。
56. Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.
A rate
B speed
C pace
D growth
pace 节奏；rapid pace of modern life现在生活快节奏。
57. San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _B_.
A is rarely
B rarely is
C hardly is
D is scarcely
rarely, usually 都是频度副词。通常频度副词的位置在系动词之后，表示实在意思的词前面。
58. The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.
A having known
B being known
C knowing
D known
know 没有现在分词；know 用主动形式时只能和两个介词搭配：of, about。
known for 以…而著名。
60. I couldn’t find _A_, and so I took this one.
A a large enough coat
B an enough large coat
C a large coat enough
D a coat enough large
enough 修饰形容词时要放到形容词后面。
61. I always _B_ what I have said.
A get to
B hold to
C lead to
D see to
本题所有选项中的to都是介词，其后加动词动名词的形式。
hold to 坚守，信守；see to 负责做，处理，照料（后面加的都是某件事情，不加人）
62. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest.
A when
B then
C than
D until
no sooner …than 一…就…
63. Evidence came up _C_ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
A what
B which
C that
D whose
evidence 证据、sign 迹象、fact 事实，后面都要带同位语从句，且从句用that引导。
64. He moved away from his parents, and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in New York. [too …to，太…而不能…]
A too much to
B enough to
C very much to
D much so as to
65. He was _C_ of having asked such a silly question.
A sorry
B guilty
C ashamed
D miserable
guilty adj. 有罪的；be ashamed of 因…而羞愧（不好意思）的；miserable adj. 悲惨的。
66. The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.
A in
B at
C during
D over
ceremony n. 典礼，仪式。要表达在某典礼（仪式）上用介词at。
at the graduation ceremony 在毕业典礼上。
67. What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
A do you suppose
B you suppose
C will you suppose
D you would suppose
do you supposed 常做插入语。
68. _D_ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. [despite prep. 尽管；as for 关于，至于]
A As for
B Besides
C Except
D Despite
69. How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children.
A have
B has
C having
D to have
influence on 对…造成影响，很大的影响中形容词用的是strong。
70. He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop.
A was almost hurt
B was hurt himself
C was to hurt himself
D was hurting himself hurt oneself 自残；be to + 动词原形，将要做某事；
-------------------------1993-06-------------------------
41. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.
A to prepare
B to be prepared
C preparing
D being prepared
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
42. Five minutes earlier, _A_ we could have caught the last train.
A and
B but
C or
D an order
and 在这里表示一种结果，翻译成“那么（和）”。只有两种情况下and才会这样翻译：
1. 省略句＋and + 句子；
2. 祈使句＋and + 句子。
47. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families.
A are often seeing
B will often see
C often see
D have often seen
乐谱中常用的提示记号
简谱中常用的提示记号 ［杜光:怎样识简谱］ (一) 速度记号 音乐进行的快慢称为速度。用来标明乐曲在进行中快慢的记号称为速度记号。 (二) 力度记号 音乐中音的强弱称为力度。用来标记力度强弱的记号称为力度记号。 下面为常见的力度记号： 中文意大利文缩写 最弱 ppp (较少用) 很弱 pp 弱 p 中弱(稍弱) mp 中强(稍强) mf 强 f 很强ff
最强fff(较少用) 渐强Cresc. 渐弱dim.或decresc. 强后即弱fp (三)表情术语 表情术语是指明歌(乐)曲在演唱(奏)时表情要求的文字标记。表情术语的作用主要为帮助演唱(奏)者更好、更快地理解和表达音乐作品的感情。 (四)其他记号 1．连线记号 连线记号用弧线标记。 连线记号通常有两种用法： (1)连线(又称延音线)。连接两个或两个以上相同音高的音符，唱(奏)成一个音，其时值与拍数为几个音符之和。 (2)圆滑线。连接两个或两个以上不同音高的音符，使其唱(奏)得连贯、圆滑。在歌曲中，一字多音的旋律分句常用连线；在管弦乐曲中，则表示连奏或一弓奏完。 2．延长记号
延长记号用标记。 延长记号通常有三种用法： (1)记在音符和休止符的上面，如：或，表示该音符或休止符可根据作品表现的要求而自由延长时值(一般可延长一倍的时值)。 (2)记在小节线上，表示两小节之间要休止片刻。 (3)记在双纵线上，表示乐曲到此结束。因为这种记号通常标记在乐曲的中 间部分，因此也称“中途终止记号”。如 3．断音记号 断音记号也称顿音或跳音记号，在简谱中用或标记。记有断音记号的音符都应唱(奏)得短促而富有弹性。 断音记号有以下两种： (1)在音符上方加记一个空心小三角，表示演唱(奏)原音符时值的1/4。 (2)在音符上方加记一个实心小三角，表示演唱(奏)原音符时值的1/2。4．保持音记号 保持音记号又称持续音记号。用短横线记在音符的上方，表示该音符稍强并充分保持其音值，即表示该音要演唱(奏)得饱满有力。
英语六级词汇选项专项练习
2017年英语六级词汇选项专项练习业精于勤而荒于嬉，行成于思而毁于随。以下是小编为大家搜索整理的2017年大学英语六级考试词汇选项专项练习，希望能给大家带来帮助! part 1 the _______of Mary, all the girl students are eager to go to the party. the trffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a _______ speed. the memories of his childhood had _______ from his mind by the time he was 65. river is so big that it is impossible to build a _______ under it without modern technology. _______ is nearly dead , so I can not start the car again. A. bean making modern cameras , people began to _______ plastics for metal. A. surround the help of the government , a large number of people ---_______ after the flood in 1991. A. survived
always has a lot of _______ ideas in his mind , and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinding about. A. novel be serious. I am not _______. You should consider it carefully A. sorting do not have a _______ school in our institute. The highest degree we provide for the students is a B. A. and a B. S. . A. continue the United States, the foreign policy is decided by the ________ government, not by each state. A. federal works in our university as a visiting _______, not as a formal faculty member. A. traditional you fill in the application form, please use your _______ address so that we can contact you easily later. A. policy _______ to be a polite man. But in fact he is very rude. A. pretends can not trust him any more because he often ________ his duty. A. owes 参考答案： part 2 to North America, corn has now spread all over the world.
乐谱中对音乐记号的认识与理解
龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7616798587.html, 乐谱中对音乐记号的认识与理解 作者：迟曲 来源：《艺术科技》2015年第10期 摘要：乐谱是一种用特殊的符号和方式来记录乐谱的方法，但是音乐是一种有着丰富情 感表达的艺术形式，乐谱仅仅能够帮助我们机械的记录和“阅读”音乐。如果想要更好地表现出音乐的表现力，就必须对音乐加入自己的理解。而音乐记号就好像是在乐谱上做的笔记，无论是作曲家加入的记号，还是演奏者做的标记，目的都是表达或者理解音乐的深层内涵。为此，我们从几个典型的音乐记号理解其在乐谱中的价值和应用方法。 关键词：乐谱；音乐记号；读谱 尽管乐谱中应用了大量的符号来标记音长和音高，以及其他的方式来记录音乐，但毕竟有着一定的局限性，因此在现有的乐谱基础上还可以加入自己的理解。例如，乐谱尽管可以表现音长和音高，但是无法准确地表示音的音速和音量，为此要通过某些有着特定表达的标记和记号来做出一个模糊的引导。但是无论如何来标记音乐记号，都是以乐谱为基础的，只是对乐谱进行了一定的扩展。因此，为了提高对乐谱的准确理解，我们将阐述几种有着重要作用的音乐标记以及这些音乐记号的使用方法，从而更好地去理解乐谱来表现音乐的内涵。 1 力度记号 顾名思义，力度记号就是来记录乐曲力度变化的记号。在实际的乐曲中，力度记号不仅可以出现在段落交界、开头等地方，也可以出现在任何作曲家想要解释力度表现的位置。为了使得乐谱更加的简单明了，力度记号一般也用特定的符号和缩写来表示。在古典音乐的乐谱中，力度一般有pp、P、mp、mf、f、ff六个不同的层次。而在浪漫乐派及其后期的作品中，还在PPPP和ffff之前增加了sf、sfz、crese、dim等音。为此，在演奏中也要注重为什么力度记号 出现在这些地方，一方面要准确地按照这些标记来演奏；另一方面也要理解记号对于乐感的培养；另一方面，力度并不是一个绝对准确的概念，我们很难去精准地表达强和弱之间的差距，或者说去理解到底弱了多少，强了多少，也无法精准地分辨出强和弱之间的层次力度。更重要的是强度对比和强度的转变所带来的表现力也是不同的。这里以《摇篮曲》（贺绿汀）为例，这个钢琴独奏曲采用了典型的四声部三段式结构，我们试图分析这个独奏曲中的力度符号来帮助理解。在这段乐谱中仅出现了一个表示弱的记号，整个乐谱仅出现一个力度记号，那么整个乐曲的表现其实并不是机械化的应用P来演奏，而是乐曲家想通过一个“弱”的力度记号来告诉我们整个乐曲的目的是想表现一个轻柔的、安静的氛围。那么如何在仅有一个力度记号的乐谱中去表现力度之间的差异呢，为此我们可以深入地去分析和理解乐曲的结构特点。整个音乐是通过四个声部来表现的，很像一个四声部组成的合唱曲。但是在这四个声部中，有着显著的差别。其中右手的高声部有点类似于女高音的演唱，可以作为主要的旋律声部，其音色非常的圆润流畅，同时在几个力度层次中也是应用最强的。其次是左手的采用了二分音符组成的低音声部，音色低沉，连绵不绝。低声部起到了很好的衬托效果，对于旋律音的表现有着重要的作
例题讲解理工类B级词汇选项出题特点
例题讲解理工类B级词汇选项出题特点 1.I have been trying to（设法） quit （放弃，辞职）smoking（吸烟）. A.give up（放弃） B.pick up（捡起, 获得, 加快） C.build up（增进，加强） D.take up （占据（时间/空间），拿起, 开始从事） 答案：A。 quit – give up – abandon 放弃 出题特点： 1．出现了彼此成为干扰项的备选项：四个选项构成形式相似，具有一定的混淆性。 2.Relief workers （救援人员）were shocked （震惊的）by what they saw. A.moved （被感动的，被移动的） B.touched （被感动的） C.surprised（感到惊讶的） D. worried（担心的） 答案：C。 surprised – shocked – astonished – amazed 吃惊的 worried – anxious – concerned 担心的 be worried/anxious/ concerned about.../担心... (be) anxious to do sth – (be) eager to do sth. – (be) keen to do sth . 渴望... 出题特点： 1．备选项中出现了互为近义词的选项：A和B。 2．划线词词义较单一，常常只需要根据划线词的基本词义就能直接判定答案。 提示1： 被选项中的近义词常常只是干扰项，因此通常可以直接排除掉被选项中的近义选项。 14.Their style（风格，文体） of playing football （踢足球）is utterly （完全地）different（不同的）. A.barely B.scarcely C.hardly （近义词） D.totally （完全地） 答案: D。 出题特点： 1．备选项中出现了互为近义词的选项：A, B 和C； 2．划线词及备选项中出现了派生词（常考词缀：-ly, -ful, un-, im-, -er/-or）； 提示2： 往年词汇选项题中涉及过的词汇仍然可能出现在考题中。 提示3： 程度副词（very, much, somewhat, rather, fairly, kind of(稍微), a lot(非常) 等）和否定副词（hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely）为常考词； 【
人教版高中英语选修七单词辅助第一单元
1、 Blindness is a very serious disability. 失明是非常严重的残疾。 2、 Though he is disabled, he is a gifted artist. 尽管身残疾 (的 )，他是一个有天赋的艺术家。 3、 person with a hearing and eyesight disability misses many things. 一位听力和视力残疾的人会错过很多东西。 4、 Beware of the love syndrome.当心恋爱综合症。 5、 Rosalyn had been there frequently in past years for treatment for infantile paralysis. 罗莎琳在过去的几年中频频来这里治疗小儿麻痹。 6、 Harris went on top in the last lap. 哈里斯在最后一圈跑到了最前面。 7、 He had a high ambition to be a headmaster. 他的抱负是想成为一名校长。 8、 I will love the ambitious for they can inspire me!我爱雄心壮志的人，因为他们能激励我！ 9、 We will have dictation today.我们今天要听写了。 10、 I wrote the letter at Sally's dictation . 我照萨利的口述写信。 11、 The campus is noisy today.今天校园里很吵。 12、 Do believe there is no best man, only much suitable one. 要相信没有最好男人，只有更适合的。 13、 Trees hid the entry of the cave. 洞穴的入口被树丛遮掩。 14、 Fresh air is beneficial to people's health. 新鲜空气对人的健康有好处。 15、 In other words, a classic fudge. 总之一句话，一派胡言。 16、 Mother reproached me for being too clumsy. 母亲责备我笨手笨脚。 17、 He used to be quiet, but now he is very outgoing. 他以前性格沉默少言，但现在很外向。 18、 How do you adapt to this new environment? 你要怎样适应这种新环境呢?。 19、 The bench often does duty for a table. 这条长凳经常当桌子用。 20、 The doctor told me to cut out meat for my fat. 由于肥胖，大夫叫我停止吃肉 21、 He applied his eye to the microscope. 他把眼睛贴近显微镜。 22、 She was out of breath from climbing the stairs. 爬楼梯使她上气不接下气的。 23、 A servant is known by his master's absence.主人不在就可以看出仆人的品行来。 24、 You are a milk-livered fellow!你真是一个胆小的家伙！ 25、 Thank you, my fellow colleagues. 谢谢，同事们。 26、 No joy without annoy. 没有无烦恼之快乐。 27、 I am really very annoyed about it. 我对此事真是很生气。 28、 I felt annoyance at being teased.我恼恨“别人”取笑我。 29、 I let go of all annoyance. 我放下所有烦恼。 30、 He has his faults, but all in all , he is a good guy. 他有缺点，但总的来说，他是不错的人。 单词拼读举例:Di sa bi li ty di sa bled syn drome in fan tile pa ra ly sis am bi tion am bi tious
sat重要单词词汇笔记学习笔记
大表词汇笔记学习笔记2012-3-9 16:15:00 I was rather taken back by his rudeness. Takesb. aback 把某人弄个措手不及 Aback ad. 向后突然的，猝不及防的 Be taken aback= agitated take someone aback shock or surprise someone : he was taken aback by the sharpness in her voice. Abide=tolerate=endure=put up with=brook dure 持续 during 2 [ trans. ] ( can/could not abide) informal be unable to tolerate (someone or something) : if there is one thing I cannot abide it is a lack of discipline.常用词笔记 brook 1. a small stream. Can we wade the brook? This important matter brooks no delay. 不容耽搁， 2. tolerate or allow (something, typically dissent or opposition) : Jenny would brook no criticism of
Matthew. Absolve=excuse=exculpate=exonerate 免罪，免责 the pardon absolved them of any crimes. THE RIGHT WORD To varying degrees, all of these words mean to free from guilt or blame, and some are most frequently heard in a legal or political context. Absolve is the most general term, meaning to set free or release—not only from guilt or blame, but from a duty or obligation (: absolved from her promise to serve on the committee) or from the penalties for a violation. Pardon is usually associated with the actions of a government or military official (: President Gerald Ford pardoned Richard Nixon following his resignation in the wake of the Watergate scandal) and specifically refers to a release from prosecution or punishment. It is usually a legal official who decides to acquit
2017年专四英语考试词汇选项试题及答案解析
2017年专四英语考试词汇选项试题及答案解析 2017年专四英语考试词汇选项试题及答案解析 In nature there are no groundless talk, the earth will not form.以下是小编为大家搜索整理的2017年专四英语考试词汇选项试题及答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网! 1. Tom has been a vegetarian ____principle for years . A. in B. on C. for D. by 2. When I got out of the car and walked about among them, __2__one old man who shook his head disapprovingly, they all began to cheer . A. see that B. except that C. provided that D. except for 3. ____The water left in the kettle, the doctor put several things he unwrapped from a handkerchief.
A. At B. To C. Within D. Into 4. I am ____grateful for the many kindnesses you have shown my son. A. excessively B. much C. certainly D. exceedingly?? 5. The ____of AIDS has led to an expansion in research seeking a cure. A. innovation B. selection C. proliferation D. conviction 6. I am sorry I have no time at present to ____more detail or give you an account of other cities of interest.?
新概念英语第二册复习笔记 第五课 单词学习
新概念英语第二册复习笔记第五课单词学习 1.pigeon n. 鸽子（信鸽，肉鸽） dove 和平鸽 dove of peace和平鸽 homing-pigeon信鸽 carrier-pigeon 信鸽 one’s pigeon: 某人的职责或责任 or: one’s business or responsibility某人的职责或责任 eg. I don’t care where the money comes from. That’s not my pigeon. 我可不关心钱是从哪里来的，那不是我的责任。 2. message n. 信息，口信[C] eg. A pigeon carried the urgent message from the front. 一只鸽子从前线捎回紧急信息。 eg. Pigeons carried messages between his two garages. 一些鸽子在两个修车铺之间传递信息。 take a message for sb 为…..捎口信 leave sb a message 为…..留口信 get the message [俚] 明白，理解，领悟（别人的暗示） eg. She said it was getting late, I got the message and left. 她说天已经晚了，我立刻明白然后就离开了。 区别： 1. message [C] 2. information [U] 情报，资料，信息 a piece of information 一条信息 information technology ( IT ) 信息技术 information science 信息科学 3. news [U] 消息，新闻，报道 a piece of news 一条消息 newspaper [C] 报纸 3. cover 1) n. （书刊的）封皮 cover-girl 封面女郎 read a book from cover to cover →read a book from beginning to end. 把一本书从头读到尾。 2) n. 掩盖物，覆盖物，罩子，套子 eg. The seatcover is made of leather. 这个座套是皮革的。 3) v. 掩盖或遮盖某物 eg. Cover the table with a table cloth. 用一块桌布把桌子盖上。 eg. She covered her face with hands. 她用手把脸捂上了。 eg. He laughed to cover his nervousness. 他大笑起来以掩盖自己的紧张。4) v. 走过一段路程，越过，完成，看完 eg. I covered 50 pages in an hour. 我一小时读完了50页书。 eg. The pigeon covered the distance in 3 minutes. 鸽子在3分钟内飞完全程。eg. The Red Army covered 25,000 Li during the Long March.
简谱中常用的音乐记号
简谱中常用的音乐记号 一、音的高低 唱名： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 do re mi fa so la si 哆来米发梭拉西 音名： C D E F G A B 高音点: 记在音符上方的小圆点表示高音 低音点：记在音符下方的小圆点表示低音 二、音的长短 增时线：记录在音符后面的短横线，表示延长音的时值 5 — 减时线：记录在音符下面的短横线，表示减少音的时值 附点：记录在音符后面的小圆点，表示延长原音符时值的一半 5.音符名称写法时值 全音符 5 ———四拍 二分音符 5 —二拍 四分音符 5 一拍 八分音符半拍 十六分音符四分之一拍 三十二分音符八分之一拍 升记号? 降记号? 还原记号 延音线：︵
连音符： 三、音的强弱 音的标准高度：1=C 切分音： 休止符号：0 四、简谱的书写 调号：1=D 拍号：2/4 小节线： | （用竖线将每一小节划分开线叫小节线） 终止线：‖ 连谱号： 五、各种记号： 1.力度记号 f 强p 弱mf 中强 mp 中弱 渐强渐弱 重音记号：< 2.反复记号 ‖：：‖，表示记号内的曲调反复唱（奏）。如果从头反复，前面的可省略。例如： 反复跳跃记号：记在曲调的结尾，表示这段曲调的两次结束不相同： 实际唱（奏）： A B C A B D
（3）D.C.记在乐曲的复纵线下。表示从头反复，然后到记在Fine 或处结束。 注：“Fine”是结束。“”是无限延长号，如果放在复纵线上则表示终止。 3.装饰音记号 （1）倚音：指一个或数个依附于主要音符的音，椅音时值短暂。有前倚音、后倚音之分。 例如： （2）颤音：由主要音和它相邻的音快速均匀地交替演奏，颤音的标记用tr 或 tr~~~~~ (3) 波音: 由主要音和它上方或下方相邻的音快速一次或两次交替而成. 波音唱(奏)时一般占主要音的时间.波音分上波音(顺波音) 和下波音(逆波音) 两种. 例如: (4) 滑音:主要音向上或向下滑向某个音.欢音分上滑音下滑音两种.滑音除声乐能演唱这一技巧外.一切弦乐器都可演奏.但钢琴等键盘乐器是无法演奏这一技巧的。 (5) 回音：∽ 4、其他记号 自由延长记号：换气记号：v 顿音：▼保持音：- 连线：︵︹ 顿音：可在音符符头的地方加“.”或“倒▲” 重音：一般也是用“.”来表示 上波音：应该叫顺波音，用“~~”来表示，短的用两折，长的用三折 下波音：应叫逆波音，是在“~~”中间加一个小的斜杠，长的用四折来表示，再在最后一波前加一个小横杠 上滑音：可用斜着的“↑”，注意：往右上方斜，还用一种是斜的波浪向右上方去 下滑音：可用斜着的“↓”，注意：往右下方斜，还有一种是斜的波浪向右下方去 升号：用“#” 降号：用“b”
卫生职称英语考试试题：A级词汇选项题
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2.Not all of the students in this school participated in the sports competition. A、enjoyed in B、took part in C、took pleasure in D、contributed in 【正确答案】B 【答案解析】participate in “参与，参加”，与四个选项中的B选项take part in 同意，其它三个选项A 享受……的乐趣，C 乐于做某事，D 对……做出贡献。 3.This sort of thing is bound to happen. A、sure B、quick C、swift D、fast 【正确答案】A
【答案解析】be bound to“一定会……，必定，一定”= be sure to 4.His claims seem credible to many people. A、workable B、convincing C、practical D、reliable 【正确答案】B 【答案解析】credible可信的,可靠的；四个选项中convincing 可信的；workable 可行的；practical 实际的；reliable 靠得住的。因此选择B。 5."I’m not meddling". Mary said mildly. "I'm just curious." A、gently B、shyly C、sweetly D、weakly
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词汇选项攻略
词汇选项攻略标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】 词汇选项攻略 词汇选项题一共15题，每题要求在四个词汇中选出一个最接近给出句子中的划横线单词的单词(近义词或同义词);这部分题目由于可以带字典进入考场，它是“送分题”，所以，必须保证这部分拿到满分。做这一部分题最好做到“又准又快”，一般做这一部分题掌握在20分钟以内，如果花的时间太多，这就说明对这部分题目的做题思路和技巧还没有一个全面的了解和掌握。当然，做这15题，“快而不准”是很笨的做法，如果稳拿15分，就是花多点时间也是很值得的。 在复习时，建议学员千万不要死记硬背单词，而要找规律、找窍门，适当的运用一些方法和技巧去背单词，如利用单词的前后缀、谐音记忆法等，不仅可以较少背单词的时间，而且能提高记忆单词的质量。 此外一些做题的小技巧供您参考： (1)一步到位，只看划横线单词和选项单词。直接把有语境的句子翻译题一步变成在五个单词中查找两个同义或近义词的题。 (2)采用词性排除法进行排除选项。对于陌生划线单词，也不要急于直接查字典。应先根据划线单词的词性对选项进行排除。根据是词性一致原则： A、词性一致原则：也就是划线单词是名词、动词、形容词还是副词，其选项也应是相应的名词、动词、形容词或副词; B、名词单(复)数一致原则：也就是划线单词若是(不)可数名词，其选项也对应是(不)可数名词;可数名词是单(复)数，其选项也应是单(复)数;但要注意，有些可数名词的单复数形式是一样的; C、动词及物(vt.)或不及物(vi.)应一致原则：也就是划线单词若是(不)及物动词，其选项也对应是(不)及物动词; D、时态语态一致原则：也就是划线动词是什么时态或语态，其选项就应是相同的时态或语态，但要注意不规则动词;
英语专业-英语词汇学-笔记
1.What is polysemy? Having multiple meanings that are related. 2.What are the two different ways of organising polysemous words? Explain them 1)The diachronic approach begins with the primary meaning and then arrange the other meanings (derived meanings) in the order in which they developed. 2)The synchronic approach begins with the most popular meaning (central meaning) and then arrange the other meanings (marginal meanings) in order of popularity. 3.What are the two different ways in which polysemy develops? Explain them 1)Radiation. Secondary meanings are independent from one another and are derived directly from the primary meaning. 2)Concatenation. Secondary meanings are connected and derive from primary meaning through successive shifts of meaning from one secondary meaning to another. 4.What is homonymy? Homonyms are works different in meaning but either identical both in sound or spelling or identical only in sound or spelling. 5.Give an example of a perfect homonym, a homophone and a homograph 1)perfect homonym 同音同形date日期/date红枣 2)homophone 同音异形Knew/new, meet/meat 3)homograph 异音同形record(v.)/record(n.) 6.Give an example of the rhetorical use of homonymy Hi Jack （你好杰克）– hijack（打劫） 7.What is the difference between polysemy and homonymy? Give an example to illustrate the difference 1)Polysemy is about connection of meanings. Book can mean a book as in “I read a book”, and “I book a hotel room”. The second meaning is related to the first one because in the past hotel staff will write the customers’ information on a book when reserving a room. 2)homonymy is about form. Lie can mean not being honest or being in a horizontal position. These two meanings have the same form but no connection. 8.Classify the following pairs of antonyms into complementaries (binaries), contraries (gradable) or converses (relational). Explain why 1)Good/bad, contraries 2)odd/even, complementaries 3)above/below, converses 4)clean/dirty, contraries 5)remember/forget, complementaries? 6)old/young, contraries 7)before/after, converses 9.What is hyponymy? Give an example The meaning of a more specific word is included in that of a more general word.
A级词汇选项
A级词汇选项 词汇选项a级共38题 ★教材词汇学习1（无a级词汇题） ★教材词汇学习2（共1道题是a级词汇题） 1. america’s emphasis（重点）on the importance of education for everyone has spurred （促进，激励）scientific research. a.encouraged （鼓励，促进） b. endangered（危及，危害） c. endorsed（签名，批准） d. enlarged（扩大，放大） ★教材词汇学习3（共1道题是a级词汇题） 2. techniques to harness （利用）the energy of the sun（太阳能）are being developed. a. convert（转换） b. store（储存） c. utilize（利用） d. receive（接收，收到） ★教材词汇学习4（共2道题是a级词汇题） 13. our plan is to allocate （分配，分派）one member of staff to handle（处理，应付） appointments（约会，约定；职位，职务；陈设，装备。）. a. assign（分配，指派） b. persuade（劝说） c. ask（请求） d. order（命令） 15. we also want to use the water to irrigate（灌溉）barren （贫瘠的）desert land. a. hairless（没有毛发的） b. bare（赤裸的，光秃的） c. empty（空的） d. bald（秃的） ★教材词汇学习5（共7道题是a级词汇题） 9. their interpretation（口译）was faulty（有错误的，有毛病的）. a. wrong（有错误的，有毛病的） b. ambiguous（歧义的，模棱两可的） c. unclear（不清楚的） d. unbelievable（不可信的） 10. these old buildings are gorgeous（好极了，壮丽的）. a. ridiculous（可笑的） b. lovely（可爱的，美丽的） c. magnificent（壮丽的，宏伟的） d. peculiar（奇特的，奇怪的）
高中英语选修7_unit1_5词汇复习
模块7各单元词汇和短语复习 Unit 1 Living Well Part One 根据首字母或汉语提示写出完整的单词: 1. An unexpected accident made Sang Lan a girl with a physical d____________, but she never gave up. 2. We often observe the tiny cells with m______________ in our biology classes. 3. The production of iron and steel is the most important i______________ of the city. 4. Taiwan is part of China and not an i_______________ state. 5. I have passed all the exams and I am waiting to get the graduation c_______________. 6. A place is a______________ if it is possible to reach it. 7. I was not alone on the journey. Instead, I had so many c________________. 8. You can refer to old people in general as the _______________. 9. When something can help people or improve their lives, we say it is ______________ to people. 10. When the disabled meet with difficulty, we should do what we can to give them a___________. 11. One of his ________________ (志向) is to become a world-wide famous pop singer. 12. He was _____________(笨拙的) with a tool. 13. The patient’s _______________(呼吸) grew stronger and stronger. 14. Who took his place and controlled the company during his ________________ (不在) ? 15. I’m going to give some suggestions to this famous ________________(建筑师). 16. A man’s _______________（尊严）doesn’t depends on his wealth but on his character. Part Two 一、词形变换（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1. The ______________ is good at ______________ TV plays from the stories he reads about or hears. (adapt) 2. The country used to be _____________ on Britain in many ways, but now it has become absolutely_______________. (depend) 3. We have ___________ a lot from the co-operation and I’m sure it will continue to be ________ to both of us. (benefit) 4. Her _____________ lecture ____________ all of us. We won’t forget her ____________. (encourage) 5. ______________ people should be treated equally in spite of their ______________. (disability) 6. You were _____________ yesterday, Tom. Can you tell me the reason for you _____________? (absent) 7. The ______________ serving the passengers on the train is of good_______________. (conduct) 8. ________________ countries pay much attention to the development of ________________. (industry) 二、翻译句子 1. 应该给残疾人尽可能多的鼓励和援助。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 换句话说，这些措施对我们的工业发展是有益的。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 总之，在学校寄宿(board)能帮助学生学会独立。 ______________________________________________________________________________