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必修2 U1-U2
必修2 U1-U2

必修2

Unit 1Cultural relics

要点梳理

高效梳理?知识备考

●重点单词

1.valuable adj.贵重的;有价值的→value n.价值v.估价→invaluable adj.无法估价的,无价的

2.survive vi.幸免;;生幸存还→survivor n.幸存者→survival n.幸存,存活

3.amaze vt.使吃惊;惊讶→amazing adj.令人吃惊的→amazed adj.感到吃惊的→amazement n.惊奇,惊异

4.select vt.挑选;选择→selective adj.有选择性的

5.design n.设计;图案;构思vt.设计;计划;构思→designer n.设计者

6.decorate v.装饰;装修→decoration n.装饰,装饰物

7.jewel n.珠宝;宝石→jewellery n.珠宝(总称)

8.remove vt.移动;搬开→removal n.移动;排除

9.doubt n.怀疑;疑惑vt.怀疑;不信→doubtful adj.怀疑的

10.former adj.以前的;从前的

11.worth prep.值得的,相当于……的价值n.价值;作用adj.[古]值钱的

12.evidence n.根据;证据→evident adj.明显的;有线索的

13.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n.爆炸

14.entrance n.入口

15.sink vi.下沉;沉下

16.debate n.争论;辩论vi.争论;辩论

●重点短语

1.in search of 寻找

2.belong to 属于

3.in return 作为报答

4.at war 处于交战状态

5.less than 少于

6.take apart 拆开

7.think highly of 看重;器重

8.serve as 充当;担任

9.be of the fancy style 风格奇特的

10.rather than 而不是

●重点句型

1.Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.

普鲁士国王腓特烈?威廉一世永远想象不到,他赠给俄罗斯人民的最厚重的礼物会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。

2.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train...

毫无疑问,这些箱子后来被装上火车……

3.After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.

从那以后,琥珀屋的最终所归便成了一个谜。

考点探究

互动探究?能力备考

Ⅰ.词汇短语过关1.survive vt. 在……之后仍然生存;逃生;比……活得长vi. 活下来;幸存

survival n. 存活,幸存

survivor n. 幸存者

survive sb. (by) 比某人活得长(几年)

survive sth. 幸免于某事

survive on sth. 靠……存活下来

survive from sth. 从……存活下来;流传下来

[即学即练1]

(1)It was lucky that the boy ____________ ______.

很幸运,这个男孩得以从大火中逃生。

(2)She ____________ her husband by ten years.

她比她丈夫多活了十年。

(3)Many strange customs have ________________ earlier times. 有许多古怪的习俗源远流长。

survived the fire

survived

survived from

2.design n.设计;图案;构思vt. 设计;计划;构思

by design=on purpose 有意,故意

have designs on/upon sth. (money/life) 图谋(钱、生命等)

be designed for sb./sth.

be designed to do sth.

be designed as sth.为某目的或用途而制造或计划

[即学即练2]

(1)They have ___________ a lot of advanced electric equipments. 他们已设计了许多先进的电子设备。

(2)The experiment ________________________ the new drug.

实验的目的是试验新药。

(3)These books are primarily ____________ the use of beginners.

这些书主要是供初学的人使用的。

(4)She attended a school _________________________.

她就读于一所服装设计学校。

designed

is designed to test

designed for

of dress design

3.fancy adj. 奇怪的;异样的vt. 想象;设想;爱好n.想象力;幻想;爱好

fancy oneself (as sth.) 自命不凡;自负

fancy+n.+(to be)/as+n. 认为……是……

fancy (one's) doing 想象(某人)做某事

have a fancy for 爱好

catch/take one's fancy 合某人的心意;吸引某人

take a fancy to sb./sth. 喜欢上/爱上某人/某物

Just fancy! [口]想想看!奇怪!

Fancy (that)! 真想不到!真奇怪!

fancy dress/clothes 奇装异服

[绕口令]Fancy Nancy did not fancy doing fancy work. But fancy Nancy's fancy auntie did fancy Nancy doing fancy work.

可爱的南希没有想象到能做出出色的工作,而可爱的南希的漂亮的姑姑的确想象到南希做出了出色的工作。

[即学即练3]

(1)Do you __________________this evening?

今晚你想不想出去?

(2)She _________________________ a famous actress.

她自以为是个有名的演员。

(3)She ________________ she was being followed.

她觉得好像自己被跟踪了。

fancy going out

fancied herself(as/to be)

fancied that

提示:fancy用做动词,有时用于祈使句,表示惊奇,不相信,震惊等,后加名词、代词、动名词等做宾语,如Fancy meeting you here!想不到在这儿遇见你!

4.doubt n. 怀疑;疑惑vt. 怀疑;不信

doubtful adj. 怀疑的

beyond/out of doubt 毫无疑问地;确实地

in doubt 不肯定;不确定

no doubt 无疑地;很可能

without doubt 无疑地;确实地

I don't doubt that...我确信……

I doubt whether (if)...我怀疑是否……

There is no doubt that-clause

about...毫无疑问……

注意:doubt 在肯定句中用whether或if引导从句,但在疑问句和否定句中用that引导从句。

[即学即练4]

(1)_____________________________ they will agree with you on this matter.

毫无疑问,他们在这件事上会同意你的意见的。

(2)_____________________________ their football team will win the match.

他们的足球队会不会赢得这场比赛还不能肯定。

(3)I don't doubt______ he can finish the task on time.

我相信他能按时完成任务。

There is no doubt that

There is some doubt whether

that

(4)I doubt___________ they can swim across the river.

我怀疑他们能否游过河去。

(5)This meeting has been, ____________ , one of the most useful we have had so far.

这无疑是我们迄今为止最有用的一次会议。

whether

without doubt

5.worth prep. 值得的;相当于……的价值n.价值;作用adj. 值钱的

be worth+n.“值……”(仅限于少数表示钱数或某种代价的比喻性名词)

be (well) worth doing “(很)值得做”(用well修饰;用动名词的主动式表示被动含义)

be worthy of+n./of+being done值得做某事

to be done

It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.做某事是值得的

另外:worthy 可用做前置定语,表示“有价值的;可敬的”,而worth不能做前置定语。如:a worthy gentleman 一位可敬的绅士。

[即学即练5]

(1)The trip was expensive but it ________________________.

这次旅行花费很大,但是花的每一分钱都不冤枉。

(2)The book is ______ worth _____________.

这本书很值得一读。

(3)The article is worthy __________________.

____________________________________.

____________________________________.

这篇文章值得仔细研究。

was worth every penny

well

reading

of careful study

of being studied carefully

to be studied carefully

6.in search of=in one's search for 寻找;搜寻

search...for...在……里面/身上搜寻

search for=look for=hunt for 寻找

search out 找出某人或某物

search through 把……仔细搜寻一遍

make a search for...搜查,搜寻

[即学即练6]

(1)They started off at once __________________ the missing girl.他们立即出发,寻找失踪的女孩。

(2)The police _____________ her ______ drugs.

警察搜查她,看她身上是否有毒品。

(3)We have been ____________ the lost boy all over.

我们一直在到处找那失踪的男孩。

(4)He __________________ the book and gave it to me.

他找出那本书给了我。

(5)He ____________ (through) his pockets ______ a cigarette. 他把自己的口袋找遍了,想找到一根香烟。

in search of

searched

for

searching for

searched out

searched

for

拓展:in honour of 为了纪念;为向……表示敬意

in praise of 歌颂……;表扬……

in memory of 为纪念……

in favour of 赞同,支持

in place of 代替

in charge of 负责

in possession of 拥有

in control of 控制

in face of 面对……

in need/want of 需要

7.belong to 属于;为……的一员

[即学即练7]

(1)That dictionary ____________ the library.那本词典是图书馆的。

(2)Do you ____________ the trade union?你是工会会员吗?

(3)Where do these plates _______?这些盘子该放在哪?

belongs to

belong to

belong

提示:(1)belong to不用于被动语态,也不用于进行时态。

(2)belong vi. “适合待在某处,放在某处”,没有含被动意味的过去分词用法。

(3)belongings n. 财产,所有物,相关事物

8.in return 作为回报;作为交换

in return for为……作为回报

without return 无赚头;无利润

by return (接信后)立即回复

return sb. sth. (=return sth. to sb.) 将某物归还某人

return to some place/life 回到某地/复活

[即学即练8]

(1)He gave her some roses _____________ her kindness.他送给她一些玫瑰答谢她的好意。

(2)They let us use their computers, and ____________ we give them the results of our research.他们让我们使用他们的电脑,作为交换,我们给他们提供我们的研究成果。

in return for

in return

9.at war处于交战状态

at work在上班

at play 在玩

at peace 处于和平中

at school 在上学

at breakfast 在吃早饭

at table 在吃饭

at desk 在学习

at rest 静止

[即学即练9]

(1)The two countries have been __________ for years.这两国已经打了好几年仗了。

(2)____________ the insect looks like a dead leaf.

这种昆虫不动时看上去像一片枯叶。

(3)The countries have been ____________ for more than a century.这些国家和平共处已有一个多世纪了。

at war

At rest

at peace

提示:(1)on也可以表示“在……中”,常见搭配有:on duty/sale/fire/strike/business/show等。

(2)under表示“在……中”,常见搭配有:under way/control/repair/construction等。

10.take apart 拆开,拆散

[即学即练10]

(1)The Germans ____________ the Amber Room and moved it away.

德国人把琥珀屋拆开移走了。

(2)John enjoys __________________ to see how they work.约翰喜欢拆卸东西,以研究它们的工作原理。

took apart

taking things apart

拓展:apart 是副词,“相距,相隔;分开,分离;在一边”。还可以构成如下短语:

apart from 除……以外

know/tell... apart 辨认,区别

put/set sb./sth. apart (from sb./sth.)

使某人/某物显得优越或独特

stand apart 分开站

live apart 分开住

be wide/far apart 相距很远

①这些短语中,若代词做宾语,要放在动词与apart 之间。

②apart from有besides 和except 的双重含义。

11.think highly of 看重;器重

think well/much of sb./sth. 对某人/某物评价高

think badly/little/ill/lightly of sb./sth.

对某人/某物评价低(印象不好)

think poorly of 不放在眼里;轻视

think nothing of 轻视;认为无所谓

speak highly of 高度赞扬

speak well/ill of 说……好/坏

think of 想起,记得;觉得怎样

think of...as...把……当做……

[即学即练11]

(1)I don't __________________ these so-called improvements to the town center.

我对这些所谓的改善市中心的措施评价不高。

(2)We all __________________ her.

我们都很看重她。

think much of

think highly of

提示:当think highly/well/much...of用于被动结构时,修饰动词的副词应放在动词之前,即:be highly/well/much thought of。

Ⅱ.重点句型详解

1.Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.

普鲁士国王腓特烈?威廉一世永远想象不到他赠给俄罗斯人民的最厚重的礼物会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。

本句中could never have imagined为情态动词表推测的用法,can和could可以用在否定句和疑问句中,后接完成式,表示对已发生的事情的惊讶、怀疑、猜测或不相信等;或接进行时,表示对正发生的事情的惊讶、怀疑、猜测或不相信等;或接原形,表示对现在或一般情况的否定推测。

①Could/Can he have been told the news?

他被告知这个消息了吗?

②He knew little about Japanese, so he couldn't have learned it. 他对日语一无所知,因此他不可能学过。

③The light is out. They can't be at home.

灯灭着,他们现在不可能在家。

拓展:

(1)can/could主要用于否定推测;must 表推测只用于肯定句;mustn't表示“禁止;不允许”。情态动词can和must表推测时,其反意疑问句的动词形式要依据主句中有无具体时间状语而定。

(2)could have done用于肯定句,则表示“本来能够做到却没有做到”,此时could不能换成can。

①It seems that he is unhappy. He must have been told the bad news.

看起来他不高兴,他一定已被告知这个坏消息了。

②He could have caught the early bus, but his bike broke down on the way.

他本能够赶上那辆早班车,但是他的自行车在路上坏了。

[即境活用1](1)I ______have been more than six years old when the accident happened.

A.shouldn…t B.couldn't

C.mustn't D.needn't

解析:本题考查情态动词的用法。must表推测只能用于肯定句,否定句用can't/couldn't 代替。shouldn't have done表示“本来不该而实际上却做了”,needn't have done表示“本来不必而实际上却做了”,均不合题意。本句译为:当事故发生时我不可能超过6岁。

答案:B

(2)He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.

A.could B.would

C.must D.need

解析:本题考查情态动词could have done 表示本来能办到的事,而没有做成。本句译为:他本可以免费进入,却买了票。

答案:A

2.After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后,

琥珀屋的最终所归便成了一个谜。

remain a mystery为系表结构,在该结构中,remain为系动词,意为“(继续)保持,仍然处于(某种状态)”,后接名词、形容词、分词、介词短语等做表语。

①Where he has gone remains a mystery.他去哪里了仍然是个谜。

②Shops remain open till late in the evening.商店营业到晚上很晚。

③Much work remains undone. 还有大量的工作未做。

④They remained listening. 他们一直在听。

⑤The patient remained in danger. 病人仍处在危险中。

⑥That remains to be seen. 那还有待观察。

⑦Since it's been a secret so long, it had better remain so.

既然它已是长时间的秘密,还是继续保密为好。

拓展:(1)remain还可用做不及物动词,意为“剩下,还有;(继续)待在某处,继续存在,留下”。

①Little of the original architecture remains.

原来的建筑现在留存的已经很少了。

②I'll remain to see the end of the game.

我将留下看比赛的结果。

(2)辨析remain/stay/keep

①remain继续保持或处于原来的状态。

②stay继续保持或处于原来的状态,与remain同义,但后面不接to do或to be done,多接形容词等构成系表结构。

③keep需要设法才能保持或处于某种状态。

[即境活用2]

(2008?辽宁)Please remain ______;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.

A.seating B.seated

C.to seat D.to be seated

解析:考查remain后接分词做表语,seat vt.“使就坐”,用过去分词seated做表语。答案:B

易错点拨自我完善?误区备考

1. elect/choose/select/pick

(1)elect“选举;选择”,指在一定的范围内或有限的数量中,遵照一定的规章或法制,用投票或举手等表决方式,以多数为标准,选举出代表或负责人;也含有为完成某任务而选择适用的人员的意思。

(2)choose“挑选;选择”,指从若干人或事物中找出符合要求、满足需要的人或事物。这种选择取决于个人主观意志,带有最终选定的含义。

(3)select“精选”,语气比choose重,而且更正式,强调客观性,挑选对象是同类的。

(4)pick常与out连用,有“挑选,选择”之意,指仔细地、精心地选择,带有挑剔意味,有时可与select互换,作“拣出,认出”解。

[应用1](1)It took her an hour to ___________ a dress that suited her.

(2)Chu has been ___________ to attend the National Young Leaders?Conference.

(3)We have __________ him chairman.

(4)You should ____________ friends with care.

pick(out)

selected

elected

choose

2. jewel/jewellery

(1)jewel指“宝石,珠宝”,为可数名词。如:valuable jewels“值钱的珠宝”。它也可引申为“被珍视的东西或人”。

(2)jewellery也可写做jewelry,为不可数名词,是“珠宝”的总称。

[应用2](1)He bought a piece of _________ for his wife.

(2)His wife is a ___________ to him.

jewellery

jewel

3. remove/move

remove和move都表示“移动”。区别是move强调位置和姿态的改变;remove强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的地方,有时相当于take away/off。表示“迁居”时,二者均可。

[应用3](1)What do you advise for _______________ ink from my clothes?

(2)Who __________ my cheese?

(3)We are ______________________ from London to the country.

removing

moved

moving/removing

高效作业自我测评?技能备考

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.There was not enough e_____________ to prove that he stole the wallet.

2.The rare vase was made in Ming D_____________.

3.I don't like his s______ of dress.

4.Anne's parents died in the earthquake, but she s______.

5.I d______ whether what he said was true.

6.Before the Nazis came, they were only able to

__________(搬动) some of the things.

7.I found the streets ____________(装饰) with colorful flowers.

8.When the boiler _______________(爆炸) many people were hurt by the steam.

9.The skirt sells well for its excellent __________(设计).

10.The scientists have made a _________(有价值的) discovery recently.

1-5 evidence Dynasty style survived doubt

6-10 remove decorated exploded design valuable

Ⅱ .单项选择

1.The little boy was the only one who ______ the earthquake in his village, and the government sent him to a city school after that.

A.escaped B.experienced

C.survived D.suffered

答案:C

解析:survive幸存,幸免于难。escape逃跑,和from连用;experience经历;suffer 遭受。

2.Leading the US women?s volleyball team back to her hometown for the Beijing Olympic Games, Lang Ping felt ______ when she saw some familiar faces.

A.at home B.at heart

C.at will D.at sight

答案:A

解析:考查短语辨析。句意为:……当郎平看到一些熟悉的面孔时,她感觉很亲切。at home“自在的,不拘束的”;干扰项at heart意思是“内心里,本质上”;at will意思是“任意,随心所欲地”;at sight意思是“一看到……就”。由题意可知,A为正确答案。

3.Children above 12 are able to take part in skiing or other activities ______ for them.

A.designed B.designing

C.to design D.having designed

答案:A

解析:考查be designed for sb. “为某人设计”,句中designed 为过去分词做定语。4.Bad habits are no way easy to be ______;it needs your determination. A.replaced B.disappeared

C.removed D.gone

答案:C

解析:句中remove 相当于get rid of“摆脱(坏习惯)”。

5.—How do you find the British Museum?

—Great! It's ______worth ______.

A.very; visiting B.well; a visit

C.quite; being visited D.very much; visiting

答案:B

解析:worth的修饰语常用well;worth后可接名词或动名词。

6.The twins look so much ______ that it's hard to tell them ______. A.like; part B.likely;partly

C.alike; apart D.likely; apart

答案:C

解析:look alike “长得像”,alike 为表语形容词;tell...apart“区别”,apart为副词。7.—What do you think ______ Mr Wang?

—He is ______ thought of by us.

A.of; well B.about; badly

C.over; worse D.of; good

答案:A

解析:What do you think of...?句式表示:“你认为……怎么样?”be well thought of

被评价很高。

8.He gave us a lot of help when we were in trouble, but we have nothing to give him ______.

A.in danger B.in need

C.in return D.in fact

答案:C

解析:考查介词短语。“给某人以回报”用in return。in danger处于危险中;in need 需要;in fact 实际上。

9.Even though we have made much progress in preventing pollution, yet much ______.

A.is remained to do B.remains to do

C.remains to be done D.is remained to be done

答案:C

解析:remain“仍然”,没有被动语态,排除A、D项。remain to be done意为“仍需被做”。

10.(2010?山东潍坊质量监测)Her English composition is much too perfect. She ______ it herself, I bet.

A.might have written B.can't have written

C.can't write D.must have written

答案:B

解析:考查情态动词。语意为:她的英语作文太好了,我打赌一定不是她写的。因为write 是过去的动作,表示对过去事情的否定推测用can't +have done。故选B项。

11.Jenny is always absent from school, ______ I suppose is why she is criticized now and then.

A.which B.who

C.that D.what

答案:A

解析:考查非限制性定语从句。代替前面一句话的意思,且在从句中做主语,用关系代词which。

12.(2010?黄冈中学)______ is no doubt ______ the amber room was lost in World War Ⅱ.

A.It; that B.It; whether

C.There; that D.There; whether

答案:C

解析:考查固定句式和名词性从句。there's no doubt that表示“毫无疑问”,是固定句式,that引导的从句作no doubt的同位语。

13.______is known to us all, America is a developed country ______ the First World.

A.Which; belonged to B.As; belonging to

C.What; belonged to D.It; belonging to

答案:B

解析:第一空as引导非限制性定语从句,“正如大家所知”;第二空belonging to为现在分词做后置定语。

14.—Can I believe in our monitor?

—______. He is honest.

A.Don't worry about it

B.There's no doubt about it

C.That's kind of you to say so

D.Just so-so

答案:B

解析:考查交际用语。回答:“毫无疑问。他很诚实。”

人教 高中化学必修2 教师用书

说明 为了帮助教师理解和体会课程标准,更好地使用教科书,我们根据教育部制订的《普通高中化学课程标准(实验)》和人民教育出版社、课程教材研究所化学课程教材研究开发中心编著的《普通高中课程标准实验教科书化学2(必修)》的内容和要求,结合高中化学教学实际,组织编写了本教师教学用书,供高中化学教师教学时参考。 全书按教科书的章节顺序编排,每章包括本章说明、教学建议和教学资源三个部分。 本章说明是按章编写的,包括教学目标、内容分析和课时建议。教学目标指出本章在知识与技能、过程与方法和情感态度与价值观等方面所要达到的教学目的;内容分析从地位和功能、内容的选择与呈现、教学深广度以及内容结构等方面对全章内容做出分析;课时建议则是建议本章的教学课时。 教学建议是分节编写的,包括教学设计、活动建议、问题交流和习题参考。教学设计对各节的内容特点、知识结构、重点和难点等作了较详细的分析,并对教学设计思路、教学策略、教学方法等提出建议。活动建议是对科学探究、实验等学生活动提出具体的指导和建议。问题交流是对“学与问”、“思考与交流”等教科书中栏目所涉及的有关问题给予解答或提示。习题参考则是对各节后的习题给予解答或提示。 教学资源是按章编写的,主要编入一些与本章内容有关的教学资料、疑难问题解答,以及联系实际、新的科技信息和化学史等内容,以帮助教师更好地理解教科书,并在教学时参考。 参加本书编写工作的有:王晶、王作民、李桢、吴海建、孙琳琳、张晓娟、宋锐等。 本书的审定者:李文鼎、王晶。 责任编辑:吴海建。 图稿绘制:李宏庆、张傲冰。 由于时间仓促,本书的内容难免有不妥之处,希望广大教师和教学研究人员提出意见和建议,以便修订改进。 人民教育出版社课程教材研究所 化学课程教材研究开发中心 2004年6月 第一章物质结构元素周期律 (1) 本章说明 (1) 教学建议 第一节元素周期表 (2) 第二节元素周期律 (5) 第三节化学键 (6) 教学资源 (8) 第二章化学反应与能量 (14) 本章说明 (14) 教学建议

高中英语必修二知识点总结

欢迎使用,祝您学有所成。 第一单元 1)state 指“国家”时,常表示“政权,国体”等政治性概念,首字母常常大写。 表示“状态,情况”时,为可数名词,常作单数;in a state表示“处于混乱或者是不整洁的状态”;get into a state变得十分紧张。 in state 庄严堂皇的,隆重的 state也可以作动词,表示“陈述,阐明,声明”,多用于正式场合或者是公文,商务信函,日常用语中应该避免。 表示“据说,据称”常用于it或者sb/sth作主语的被动句中。 2)rare 作形容词,表示“罕见的,稀少的,稀有的,难得的”,可形容人或者是物。 rare也可以指肉,表示“未熟的,半熟的”。 rare也是作副词,相当于rarely,意思是“很,非常”。 rare和and连用,相当于一个副词,意思是“很,极,非常”。 3)belong 不能用于被动语态和进行时。 belong in 适宜于,用利于,应该用在……。 4)gift 表示“礼物”。 表示“天赋,才能”后接for或者是of。 表示“捐赠”常与of连用。 5)melt 表示“融化,溶解”。 melt into逐渐融入,逐渐变成。 melt还可以表示“心变软,生怜悯之情”。 melt sth down 重新融化,回炉。 6)heat 作不可数名词,表示“热,炎热,热度,发热”,前面常用定冠词。 表示“供暖(费)”。 作动词,表示“变热,变暖”,常与up连用;也可以表示“使激发愤怒”。 7)design 作动词,表示具体,确切地“计划,设计”。 也可以表示“打算,预定”,指为一目的而作安排,常用于被动语态。 表示“设计样式,设计图案”为可数名词;表示“设计工艺,设计布局,意图”为不可数名词。 by design 故意地have designs upon/on sb(sth)图谋(生命,财产)。 8)fancy 作动词,多用作及物动词,后接名词,从句或者是动名词。 fancy接从句时,意为“认为,猜想”。 fancy接名词,代词,动名词(不能接不定式),意思为“想想,设想,想要”。 用于感叹句,意为“真想不到,谁能想到……竟然”。

(完整word版)人教版高一英语必修二英语课文原文(2)

Frederick William Ⅰ,the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history . This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it . The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey . The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make . In fact , the room was not made to be a gift . It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ. However, the next King of Prussia , Frederick William Ⅰ,to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room because part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg.About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors . Later,Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it .In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted . Almost six hundred candles lit the room ,and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly , although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world , it is now missing . In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg . This was a time when the two countries were at war . Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room . However , some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself . In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woooden boxs . There is no doubt that the boxs were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea . After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery . Recently , the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace . By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new one look like the old one .In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city . A FACT OR AN OPINION? What is a fact? Is it something that people believe? No. A fact is anything that can be proved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact. Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewit nesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/she only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is called evidence. Unit 2 AN INTERVIEW Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.

人教版高中化学必修2全册同步练习及答案

高中化学必修2全册同步练习 第一章物质结构元素周期律 (3) 第一节元素周期表 (3) 第1课时元素周期表 (3) 第2课时元素的性质与原子结构 (6) 第3课时核素 (9) 第二节元素周期律 (11) 第1课时原子核外电子的排布元素周期律 (11) 第2课时元素周期表和元素周期律的应用 (14) 第三节化学键 (17) 第1课时离子键 (17) 第2课时共价键 (19) 第二章化学反应与能量 (21) 第一节化学能与热能 (21) 第二节化学能与电能 (24) 第1课时化学能转化为电能 (24) 第2课时发展中的化学电源 (28) 第三节化学反应的速率和限度 (32) 第1课时化学反应的速率 (32) 第2课时化学反应的限度及其应用 (36) 第三章有机化合物 (40) 第一节最简单的有机化合物——甲烷 (40) 第1课时甲烷 (40) 第2课时烷烃 (43) 第二节来自石油和煤的两种基本化工原料 (46) 第1课时乙烯 (46) 第2课时苯 (49) 第三节生活中两种常见的有机物 (52) 第1课时乙醇 (52) 第2课时乙酸 (55) 第四节基本营养物质 (58) 第四章化学与自然资源的开发利用 (61) 第一节开发利用金属矿物和海水资源 (61) 第1课时金属矿物的开发利用 (61) 第2课时海水资源的利用 (64) 第二节资源综合利用环境保护 (67) 第1课时煤、石油和天然气的综合利用 (67) 第2课时环境保护与绿色化学 (70)

参考答案 第一章物质结构元素周期律 (73) 第一节元素周期表 (73) 第二节元素周期律 (75) 第三节化学键 (77) 第二章化学反应与能量 (79) 第一节化学能与热能 (79) 第二节化学能与电能 (80) 第三节化学反应的速率和限度 (81) 第三章有机化合物 (83) 第一节最简单的有机化合物——甲烷 (83) 第二节来自石油和煤的两种基本化工原料 (85) 第三节生活中两种常见的有机物 (86) 第四节基本营养物质 (88) 第四章化学与自然资源的开发利用 (89) 第一节开发利用金属矿物和海水资源 (89) 第二节资源综合利用环境保护 (90)

(完整word版)人教版高中化学必修2知识点总结全册

必修2 第一章 物质结构 元素周期律 一、元素周期表 1、元素周期表是俄国科学家门捷列夫发明的 2、写出1~18号元素的原子结构示意图 3、元素周期表的结构 7个周期(三短、三长、一个不完全),周期数=电子层数 7个主族、7个副族、一个零族、一个Ⅷ族,主族序数=最外层电子数 4、碱金属元素 (1)碱金属元素的结构特点:Li 、Na 、K 、Rb 的最外层电子数、原子半径对其性质的影响。 (2)Na 与K 分别与水、氧气反应的情况 分别与出K 、Na 与水反应的化学方程式 (3)从上到下随着核电荷数的增加性质的递变规律 (4)同族元素性质的相似性 5、卤族元素 (1)卤族元素的结构特点:F 、Cl 、Br 、I 的最外层电子数、原子半径对其性质的影响。 (2)单质与氢气发生反应的条件与生成气态氢化物的稳定性 (3)卤素间的置换反应 (4)从上到下随着核电荷数的增加性质的递变规律 (5)同族元素性质的相似性 结论:同主族元素从上到下,元素的金属性逐渐增强,非金属性逐渐减弱。 3、核素 (1)核素的定义: A P X (2)同位素: 1 1H 、 2 1H 、 3 1H (3)原子的构成: 二个关系式:质子数 = 核电荷数 = 核外电子数 质量数A = 质子数P + 中子数N (3)几种同位素的应用: 126C 、146C 、 2 1H 、 3 1H 、238 92U

二、元素周期律 1、原子核外电子的排布 (1)原子核外电子是分层排布的,能量高的在离核远的区域运动,能量低的在离核近的区域运动(2)电子总是先从内层排起,一层充满后再排入下一层,依次是K、L、M、N (3)每个电子层最多只能容纳2n2个电子。最外层最多只能容纳8个电子(氦原子是2 个);次外层最多只能容纳18 个电子;倒数第三层最多只能容纳32 个电子。 2、元素周期律 随着原子序数的递增,元素的性质呈周期性变化的规律 原子的电子层排布的周期性变化 原子半径的周期性变化 主要化合价的周期性变化 3、第三周期元素化学性质变化的规律 金属性的递变规律 (1)钠镁与水反应现象,比较钠镁与水反应的难易(方程式书写) (2)镁铝与盐酸反应的难易(现象,方程式) (3)比较钠镁铝最高价氧化物对应水化物的碱性强弱 非金属性的递变规律 (1)比较硅、磷、硫、氯与氢气反应的难易以及气态氢化物的稳定性 (2)比较它们的最高价氧化物对应的水化物的酸性强弱 (3)向硫化氢水溶液中滴入氯水的现象 结论:同一周期从左到右,元素的金属性逐渐减弱,非金属性逐渐增强。 4、元素的化合价与元素在周期表中位置的关系 5、在周期表中一定区域可以寻找到一定用途的元素 (1)寻找半导体材料 (2)寻找用于制造农药的材料 (3)寻找催化剂、耐高温、耐腐蚀的合合金材料 6、推测钫(与K同一主族在K的下面)的性质 推测铍的性质 推测量114号元素的位置与性质 三、化学键

高中化学必修2全册

新人教版高中化学必修2精品教案全册 第一章物质结构元素周期律 第一节元素周期表 第1课时 三维目标 一、知识与技能 1.使学生了解元素周期表的结构以及周期、族等概念。 2.使学生了解原子结构、元素性质及该元素在周期表中的位置三者间的关系,初步学会运用周期表。 二、过程与方法 通过对原子结构的初步认识,树立对立统一的观点,知道有关元素、核素、同位素的涵义及其简单的计算。 三、情感态度与价值观 1.通过对元素周期表的编制过程的了解,使学生正确认识科学发展的历程,并以此来引导自己的实践,同时促使他们逐渐形成为科学献身的高贵品质。 2.使学生了解元素周期表的意义,认识事物变化由量变引起质变的规律,对他们进行辩证唯物主义教育。 3.使学生对核素、同位素及元素相对原子质量的测定有常识性的认识。 教学重点 元素周期表的结构、元素在周期表中的位置与原子结构的关系。 教学难点 元素在周期表中的位置和原子结构的关系、核素、同位素。 教学方法 启发、诱导、阅读、讨论、练习、探究等。 教学过程 一、引入新课

[引言]通过我们学习知道元素有一百多种。那么,有没有一种工具可以把我们已知的一百多种元素之间的这种周期性很好地表现出来呢?答案是肯定的。那就是元素周期表,也是我们本节课所要讲的主要内容。 二、新课教学 [板书]第一节元素周期表(第一课时) 元素周期表是元素周期律的具体表现形式,它反映了元素之间相互联系的规律,是我们学习化学的重要工具。下面我们就来学习元素周期表的有关知识。 首先,我们来认识元素周期表的结构。 [板书]元素周期表的结构 [师]数一数元素周期表有多少个横行?多少个纵行? [生](数后回答)有7个横行,18个纵行。 [师]对。我们把元素周期表中的每一个横行称作一个周期,每一个纵行称作一族。下面,我们先来认识元素周期表中的横行——周期。 [板书]1.周期 [师]元素周期表中共有7个周期,请大家阅读课本P4的有关内容。 [学生活动] [问]把不同的元素排在同一个横行即同一个周期的依据是什么? [生]依据为具有相同电子层数的元素按照原子序数递增的顺序排列在一个横行里。 [问]周期序数与什么有关? [生]周期序数等于该周期元素具有的电子层数。 [师]如此,我们可以得出如下结论: [板书]周期序数=电子层数 [投影练习]已知镁元素和溴元素的原子结构示意图: 它们分别位于第几周期?为什么? [生]镁有三个电子层,位于第三周期;溴有四个电子层,位于第四周期。 [师]请把所得结论与元素周期表相对照,看是否正确。 [学生看元素周期表]

化学新人教版必修二知识点(全面最新)

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