考研英语“英语知识运用题型”高分溯源

考研英语“英语知识运用题型”高分溯源

一、完形填空概述

考研英语知识运用部分采用完形填空的题型，即Cloze Test。Cloze一词来源于Closure。Closure为西方完形心理学的核心内容，是指读者通过对一些不完全的视觉几何图形的认识和构思来获得完整概念的过程。因此，Cloze题型就是把一段文章的若干个单词略去，留出一些空白，让应试者增补上去，以达到考查考生对文章的阅读理解和语言知识应用的能力。

根据《硕士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲》(非英语专业)的规定，在一篇240～280个单词的文章中留出20个空白，计10分，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。它并不完全是测试考生对语法规律和词汇、语意搭配等的识别能力，更重要的是要求考生具有一定的语篇分析能力、良好的语感和逻辑思维能力以及较广泛的背景知识。因此可以说完形填空首先检验的是阅读能力，是阅读理解题的变体。

二、完形填空文章的特点

完形填空所选文章的难易程度适中，这样的文章在没有去掉要填的词之前对大多数考生来说阅读起来几乎没有困难。从近年完形填空选取的文章题材来看，内容基本属于科普类或社会科学类，如电视、媒体、出版、社会生活、医学、室内设计等。但是所选的文章不会太专业，避免让一少部分人凭常识答题。文章体裁以说明文或论说文为主，其语言特点是时态比较单一，句子结构越来越复杂，词的重复率高。考查重点已从原先的语法项目转移到对整体语感的测试。选择词汇的题目增加了，词汇题目也从测试对基本词义的理解向对次重要词义的理解、同义词辨析和词语搭配等方面侧重。

完形填空文章基本具有以下几个特点，掌握这几个特点有助于帮助考生提高对文章的整体把握和解题能力。

1.首段首句一般不出题，且首句中往往含有主题词甚至文章的中心思想。

这是由完形填空题本身的特点所决定的。由于完形填空要求从内容和结构两个方面将文章补充完整，整篇文章应该有一个中心思想，应该具有一定的逻辑性和完整性。从文章的篇章结构来看，第一句话一般都是主题句。为了帮助考生进入语境和答题状态，出题者往往先提供一个完整的句子，设置题目一般从第二句开始。例如：

2000年完形填空的第一句话是：If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. 全句可译为：一个农民如果想要成功，他必须在生产和消费之间留有很大的空间。本文的主题词是farmer，中心思想是“为什么生产和消费之间要留有余地”。除此之外，文章不可能讨论其他的问题。

再如，2002年完形填空的第一句话是：Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries.全句可译为：人们常常把20世纪电视的发展与15、16世纪印刷术的普及作比较。本句点明这篇短文的主题是传媒业的过程。因为电报、电话、电脑及信息社会都与现代文明、现代生活息息相关，后文的内容侧重于现代传媒业也是理所当然的。

从以上几个实例我们不难看出，完形填空的第一句话是非常重要的，考生不仅要重视这个句子，而且要看懂。只有在看懂的基础上，考生才能顺利进入状态，才能把握整篇文章的思路。

2.文章具有完整性和逻辑性。

完形填空文章一般出自名家之手或选自有名的报纸杂志，内容涉及我们所熟悉的话题。文章可能是一段节选，也可能是一篇自成一体的小短文，但无论是哪一种情况，这篇文章都有其完整性和逻辑性，也就是说，文章里面或有前因后果，或是平铺直叙，前后通过一条主要线索按逻辑构成一个整体。明白这一点，考生在做题时可以把自己想像成那个有名的作者，时刻注意语言表达和逻辑思维，可以根据文章的发展思路，从四个选项中选出最佳答案。

三、完形填空的考查内容

完形填空是一项综合技能测试，主要考查考生综合运用语言的能力，并同时考查考生的分析能力。任何难度、任何形式的完形填空都是通过有目的的破坏短文句子或段落之间潜在的逻辑关系来检验考生综合运用语言的能力。在考试的若干项客观题中，它的难度较大，应成为考生关注的重点。从历年考题来看，完形填空题考查的内容主要为词汇、语法结构、词语搭配和语篇连接四种。这四类中以词汇类居多，为该题型的重点，而这其中又主要考查近义词的辨析和词组搭配。

1.完形填空题一般删除的单词几乎涉及所有实词，其中动词和名词是重点。词汇知识主要包括以下几项内容：

(1)形近词；

(2)近义词，根据上下文的语意进行选择；

(3)同义词，根据固定搭配进行选择；

(4)空格处的动词是否及物，或是否为系动词；

(5)名词的可数与不可数。

2.推断完形填空的答案不能脱离句子，必须对空格所在的句子进行语法结构分析，这样空白处填上词汇后的句子语法结构才能正确。语法结构知识主要包括以下内容：

(1)主谓一致：主要考查主语与谓语之间距离稍远时或主语与谓语之间插入成分时主谓一致的用法。如，along with, accompanied by, as well as, together with等结构只作插入语，不影响谓语成分。

(2)冠词的用法。

(3)动词的时态与语态：考生要着重理解各种时态的内涵，注意句子内部时态的一致性。

(4)虚拟语气：除了由if引导的非真实条件句外，考生应注意虚拟语气的各种特殊形式和特殊用法。另外，考生还应注意英语中有些表示要求、建议、命令、意愿等的形容词、动词和名词，后面的从句中要求用虚拟语气，形式是“should+动词原形”。

(5)非限定性动词的时态和语态；动名词、动词不定式和分词之间的用法差异；分词的独立结构。

(6)从句(名词性从句、定语从句等)：名词性从句中以同位语从句居多，常考查关系词that的用法；定语从句多考查关系代词that、which以及as在非限制性定语从句中的用法。

(7)特殊句型(强调句型、倒装句型、省略句等)。

(8)特殊状语从句(方式状语从句、比较状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等)。

(9)句子的平衡原则：指句子结构的平衡，经常由并列连词或词组来保持平衡，如：and, but, or, not only... but also..., neither...nor..., either...or...等。

3. 完形填空的词语搭配包括习惯用法意义上的搭配，这是常见的题型；也包括如动宾关系之类的搭配，要求考生不仅能正确理解语意，还要根据语感选择适当的词汇。

4.完形填空题作为短文层次上的完形填空，要求考生把词法和句法篇章结构联系起来，培养语篇分析能力，包括分析语篇的层次，使各层次之间的语意明确；也包括分析文章内部纽带，主要是语意逻辑的联系。句子的逻辑关系决定连接词的用法：文章如果没有逻辑关系，没有适当的逻辑连接词就会语意不清，无法构成篇章。完形填空中的逻辑连词由文章内在的逻辑关系决定，只有正确理解以后，才能选择正确的逻辑连接词。常见的逻辑连接词有：

A.表示转折或让步关系：however, yet, nevertheless, in spite of, although等；

B.表示补充或递进关系：besides, in addition, moreover, furthermore等；

C.表示因果关系：because, as, since, as a result, now that, accordingly, consequently, hence等；

D.表示比较、对比关系：in comparison, just as, in contrast, conversely, on the contrary, while等；

E.表示条件关系：if, unless, provided等；

F.表示逻辑关系：for example, firstly, next, namely, to start with, that is等。

四、解题步骤和高分策略

1.解题步骤

(1)细读首句，启示全文

前面我们已经提到完形填空文章的特点之一就是文章首句一般不留空，且往往是主题句,因此它应该是了解文章全貌的“窗口”。细读首句可以帮助考生判断文章体裁，推测文章大意，对理解全文起着重要的启示作用。

(2)通读全文，掌握大意

在答题之前，要把短文从头到尾快速阅读一遍，以便从整体上感知全文，掌握大意。注意文中的暗示，努力抓住关键词，体验猜词的思路与方法。

(3)瞻前顾后，先易后难

瞻前顾后即前后观察，对空格前后句子作深入分析，确定空格在句中的意思。选择时，一般从以下几个方面着手：利用上下文线索或逻辑推理作出选择；根据所学的语法规则、结构知识、习惯用法及修辞等作出选择；寻找信息词，包括上下文出现过的关键词；若碰到一时难以确定的选项，要放一下，先做其他题，后面可能会提供线索，或等全部做完以后，再回头解决；也可采用排除法或凭语感作出选择。

(4)复核全文，消除疏漏

填空全部做完之后，再从头至尾把文章读一遍，从文章的整体结构出发检查一遍，从意义和语法两个角度仔细权衡，检查句与句之间、段与段之间是否一致、连贯，以便弥补疏漏。对于个别难度较大的空格，可以凭借自己的语感，坚持第一感觉选择的最佳答案。

2.高分策略

(1)考生要全面复习掌握语法知识，并且要能在实践中识别语法现象。历年的考试结果说明虽然考生的语法知识结构不差，解答偏题、难题的能力也不低，但实际答题效果并不理想。如何将语法知识运用于解决实际问题应是考生复习的主要目的。因此不应只死记硬背一些特殊的语法现象，而应扎实地掌握好基础语法知识，以不变应万变。考生可参考本书后面所附的对语法知识的总结。

(2)既然词汇是历年考查的重点，而测试范围在《英语考试大纲》所规定的5,300多词汇和短语之内，因此要掌握好词汇及其用法是要下一番工夫的，单靠背诵词汇表，掌握词汇的拼写和汉语释义是远远不够的，提倡通过看词典中的例句或做习题(即通过上下文)的方式来记忆词汇及其搭配。大部分考生因为不熟悉词汇的搭配而不能将已“掌握”的词汇运用到语言表达中去。

(3)完形填空题首先检验的是阅读能力，因此考生要善于识别上下文的提示，确定句与句之间的关系。我们知道完形填空题的短文是一个意义完整的语篇，它围绕着一个话题展开，那么文章中词语的重复和替代现象是不可避免的，所以考生可以利用上下文寻找相关线索帮助解题，有时只需将文章中的词语或短语照搬即可。通过阅读上下文，考生还可以把握短文的连贯性和篇章结构，关注句际之间的逻辑关系。在对语言把握不准时，考生要学会用常识来帮助解题。当然，应试技巧只能起到辅助作用，只有牢固掌握英语知识才能将其运用自如。

接下来，我们就通过对2002年真题的解析来帮助您熟悉该题型的特点及应对策略。

2002年真题：

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1 . As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 3 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion

pictures 7 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 8 . It is important to do so.

It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal”too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance between generations much 16 .

It was within the computer age that the term “information society”began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits”have been weighed 20 “harmful”outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

1. [A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later

2. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until

3. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure

4. [A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form

5. [A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked

6. [A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off

7. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into

8. [A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective

9. [A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore

10. [A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized

11. [A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D] although

12. [A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible

13. [A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental

14. [A]ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty

15. [A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] capacity [D] faculty

16. [A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller

17. [A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory

18. [A] regarded [B] impressed [C]influenced [D] effected

19. [A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational

20. [A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with

本文主要讲述通讯业的革命。人们常常把20世纪电视的发展与15、16世纪印刷术的普及作比较。15、16世纪印刷术的普及到20世纪电视的发展，从电报、电话到现代社会的电脑、集成电路，通信变革的速度越来越快，对人们生活的各方面也产生了巨大的影响。下面我们来看一下各题答案：

1.答案：[A] between

此题属于语法题。先项[A] between表示“在……之间”。考生可能熟悉between作介词的用法，却不了解其实它还可作为副词，例如：We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon, and we have lunch between. 我们上午有四节课，下午有两节课，期间我们进午餐。本题主要考查副词的用法。上文中提到了20世纪电视的发展及15、16世纪印刷术的传播，下文则讲到了这两个时间之间民生的一些事情。因此，根据上下文的关系，应选择[A] between。选项[B] before表示“在……之前”，既可作介词，也可作连词，例如：Before the class, I went over the lesson. 又如：Before the discussion began, I had a cup of tea. 选项[C] since 表示“既然”，可作介词、连词，也可作副词，例如：I haven’t written home since Christmas. 又如：I have been at his bedside since he became ill. 再如：Things have not changed very much since. 选项[D] later 表示“后来”例如：a week later. 这三个选项都不符合题意。

全句可译为：然而，在20世纪与15、16世纪之间发生了很多事情。

2.答案：[D] until

此题属于词语搭配题。读完此句，考生可以发现本句的主要结构是it was not until...that...，这是固定搭配，not until 用于强调，例如：It was not until you told me that I knew he was the famous singer. 故选[D] until.其余选项：[A] after, [B] by和[C] during都与本题的语意不符。

3.答案：[C] medium

此题属于语意搭配题。选项[C] medium表示“媒体”。根据考生的常识不难判断本句中的主语newspaper应该属于medium(媒体)的一种。选项[A] means 意为“方法，手段”；选项[B]method意为“方法”；选项[D] measure意为“措施”。

4.答案：[B] company

此题属于语意搭配题。上文中的in the wake of the pamphlet and the book意为“伴随首小册子和书籍的出现”，据此可以判断与此相对应的应该是in the company of the periodical(伴随着期刊的兴起)。所以[B]是正确答案。选项[B]是正确答案。选项[B]：in the company of意为“在……的陪同下，伴随着”，例如：I traveled Egypt in the company of two teachers.(我在两个老师陪同下游览了埃及。)选项[A]：in the process意为“在进行中”，例如：The new library is in the process of being decorated.新图书馆正在进行装修。选项[D]：in the light of意为“鉴于，依据……看来”，例如：In the light of the accident, we have put off the meeting till next week. (鉴于这次事故，我们已经把会议推迟到下个星期。)选项[D]：in the form of意为“以……的形状”，例如：Te cookies were in the form of stars.(那些饼干的形状都像星星。)

全句可译为：直到19世纪，伴随着小册子、书籍和期刊的兴起，报纸成为前电子时代的主要媒体。

5.答案：[B] speed

此题属于词语搭配题。本题主要考查动词短语的含义，这是考查的一个重点。选项[B]：speed (up)意为“加速”，例如：The train gradually speeded up.(火车逐渐加速了。)不难看出本句的含义是“在15世纪到20世纪之间，从火车、电报、电话到汽车、飞机、交通，通信业的变革速度越来越快”，故选[B]。选项[A]：gather (up)意为“收集”，例如：gather up one’s papers; 选项[C]：work (up)意为“逐步发展”，例如：work up to a climax(渐至高潮)；选项[D]：pick (up)意为“捡起，学会”，例如：pick up a few words.

6.答案：[A] on

此题属于词语搭配题。选项[A] on可表示“持续地”，例如：He coughed on the whole night. lead on则表示“带头，走在前面”，例如：If you lead on, we will follow behind.原句很长，考生可通过分析句子结构来理解其含义。我们可以发现主语是communications revolution，而beginning与leading两个分词结构作状语，因此所填的空格要与leading这个

关键词有关。因此[A]符合题意，是正确答案。选项[D]off跟在lead之后表示“开始”，例如：She led off with a song.(她以唱歌开始。)其他的选项[B]out和[C]over都不能与lead搭配。

7.答案：[D] into

此题属于语法题。选项[D]into意为“进入”，强调动态，例如：work far into the night。上文中有through the telegraph...，下文是the 20th century world, 说明革命一直持续直到进入20世纪，故选[D]。选项[A]of可表示所有、所属关系，例如：the legs of a chair。选项[B]for意为“为了”，例如：Do more exercise for the good of your health. 选项[C] beyond意为“超越”，例如：The town has changed beyond my recognition.

全句可译为：正是在这段时间之内，从火车的发明到电报、电话、收音机、电影的发明，再到20世纪汽车和飞机的发明，交通和通讯技术的革命一直占据领先的地位。

8.答案：[D] perspective

此题属于语意搭配题。本题考查的是介词与名词的语意搭配。选项[D]perspective意为“透视图，看法”；in perspective 意为“正确地，适当地”，例如：look at things in perspective(正确地观察事物)。[D] 符合题意，是正确答案。选项[A]concept 意为“概念”，例如：a concept of space; 选项[B]dimension意为“尺度，维度”，例如：The dimension of the window is 150cm long by 120cm wide. 选项[C]effect意为“效果”；in effect意为“实际上”，相当于in fact, 例如：In effect the government has lowered the taxes for the rich and raised them for the poor.(实际上政府已经降低了富人们的税收而提高了穷人们的税收。)此题表明考生应多注意介词与名词的搭配词语。

全句可译为：并不是每个人都能正确观察到这个变革的过程。

9.答案：[C] however

此题属于语篇连接题。选项[C]however意为“然而”，插入句中，前后要用逗号隔开，例如：Certainly he apologized. However, I won’t forgive him. 本题所在的句子很长，又出现了四个空格，这就需要考生同时考虑分析句子的语法关系和关键词语的搭配。上文说到“观察过程本身是很重要的”；本句中又提到“20世纪初电脑的引进……彻底地改变了这个过程”。那么，可以判断上下文应该是转折的关系，所以选[C]。选项[A]indeed意为“确实，果然”，例如：I am indeed glad to hear the news. 选项[B] hence意为“所以”，它后面的动词往往省略，例如：Her mother is a singer, hence her love for music. 该选项也可作副词，意为“今后，从此”，例如：What will the world have become a hundred years hence? 选项[D]therefore意为“所以”，例如：We don’t have enough money and therefore we have to give up the plan.

10.答案：[B]followed

此题属于语意搭配题。上文提到20世纪初电脑的发明，接着就是60年代集成电路的发明，后者应跟随在前者之后，所以正确的答案是[B]followed。选项[A]brought意为“带来”；选项[C]stimulated意为“刺激，激励”，例如：The desire to become a successful businessman stimulated him to work hard.选项[D] characterized意为“以……为特征”，例如：An elephant is characterized by a long trunk.(大象的特征是鼻子长。)

11.答案：[D]although

此题属于语篇连接题。选项[D]although可引导让步状语从句。原文从句中出现的速写词not可以看做是提示线索的标志词，因此从上下文逻辑关系来判断，[D]是正确答案。选项[A]unless意为“除非”(if...not)，引导条件状语从句，例如：I won’t go to see the film unless I finish my work. 选项[B]since意为“自从;既然”。选项[C]lest意为“惟恐，以防万一”，例如：She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up the child.

12.答案：[A]apparent

此题属于语意搭配题。选项[A]apparent意为“表面的，明显的”，例如：with apparent indifference(表面上装作漠不关心)；又如：His grief is apparent to me. 选项[B]desirable意为“值得要的，令人满意的”。例如：a desirable job，该选项可用于It is desirable for sb. to do sth. 或It is desirable that...的句型中，例如：It is desirable for you to be present.(希望你能出席。)选项[C]negative意为“否定的，消极的”，例如：a negative response。选项[D]plausible意为“似是而非的”，例如：His explanation sounds fairly plausible to me. 本题考的是形容词语意的辨析，读懂整个句子后可发现[A]是最佳答案。

全句可译为：尽管一时之间，集成电路对媒体的影响不是很明显。然而，20世纪初发明了电脑，60年代发明了集成电路。人们开始普遍意识到这些彻底改变了这个变革的过程。

13.答案：[B]universal

此题属于语意搭配题。选项[B]universal意为“普遍的，通用的”，例如：a universal truth。本题中需要填入一个与上文中的personal相对应的形容词，所以首先要了解personal的含义：“个人的，个性化的”。因此[B ]符合题意。选项[A]institutional意为“制度的，规格化的”；选项[C]fundamental意为“基本的，重要的”，例如：fundamental human rights; 选项[D]instrumental意为“仪器的，器械的”。

14.答案：[C]capacity

此题属于词语搭配题。选项[C]capacity意为“容量”，例如：The concert hall has a seating capacity of 1000.可与storage搭配，意为“(电脑储存)容量”，因此[C]是正确答案。另外，该选项也可意为“能力，理解力”，例如：This book is beyond young children’s capacity. (这本书超过了小孩子的理解范围。)选项[A]ability意为“能力，资格”，例如：the capability for the job。选项[D]faculty意为“能力”，后面常跟介词for或of ,例如：the faculty of reason；该选项还意为“(大学的)院系，全体(大学)教员”，例如：the faculty of law(法学院)。不过这三个选项都不能与storage搭配。

全句可译为：随着时间的推移，电脑越来越小，功能越来越强，显示速度越来越快，储存容量越来越大，而且变得越来越个性化了。

15.答案：[B] in terms of

此题属于语意搭配题。本题考查的是介词短语的习惯用法。选项[B]in terms of意为“按照，在……方面”，例如：A 200-year-old building is very old in terms of American history.(从美国历史来看，一栋有着200年历史的房子是很古老的。)根据题意，人们认为电脑与人一样，是一代一代的，故选[B]。选项[A]by means of,意为“通过……方法”，例如：He can express his thoughts by means of music.(他借音乐来表达思想。)选项[C]with regard to意为“关于”，例如：He wants to speak to you with regard to your financial situation.(他想就你的经济状况和你谈一下。)选项[D]in line with意为“与……一致”，如：His idea is not in line with mine.(他的想法与我的不一致)。

16.答案：[D]smaller

此题属于语意搭配题。本题是以独立主格的形式出现，其逻辑主语是distance, 可指空间的距离或时间的间隔，能与它相搭配的只有选项[D]smaller。注意：选项[C]nearer本身就表示距离或时间的接近，所以不能修饰distance。但是我们可以说The distance is long/short。因此考生在做题时要排除汉语思维方式对英语的干扰。选项[A]deeper和选项[B]fewer都与本题题意不符。

17.答案：[A]context

此题属于语意搭配题。选项[A] context意为“上下文”，也可意为“背景，环境”(=situation),例如：I think we need to look at these events in contest. 原句又是一个强调句型，所填空格的后面是一个定语从句，意为“我们所生活的……”，而与空格相对应的是information society(信息社会)，可以判定空格的意思应与society相近，故[A]是正确答案。选项

[B]range意为“(气温、价格等浮动的)幅度”，例如：the range of the price。选项[D]territory意为“领土”。本题说明考生不仅要注意单词的第一意思，即基本意思，还应加强对单词引申义的理解。

全句可译为：正是在电脑时代，“信息社会”这一说法才开始广泛地用于描述我们所生活的这个环境。

18.答案：[C]influenced

此题属于语意搭配题。选项[C]influenced意为“影响”，例如：The weather in summer influenced the rice crops. 本题所填的词应与下文中的implications相对应；implications以复数形式出现时，表示possible effects or results(可能导致的结果、关系)。换句话说，就是影响，所以[C]influenced是正确答案。选项[A]regarded意为“看做，考虑”，常与as连用，例如：I regarded him as my father. 选项[B]impressed意为“给(某人)留下印象”，后面往往加sb.作宾语，例如：His behavior impressed me deeply.选项[D]effected作动词时意为“使……产生，改变”，例如：His opinion effected the plan.(他的意见改变了计划。)

19.答案：[B]controversial

此题属于语意搭配题。选项[B]controversial意为“有争议的”。下文中提到了通信革命带来的benefits(利)和“harmful”outcomes(弊)，可见对于它在经济、政治等方面所产生的结果，人们还是有争议的，因此[B]是正确答案。选项[A]competitive 意为“竞争的”，例如：a competitive society;选项[C]distracting意为“干扰的”，例如：the distracting noise; 选项[D]irrational意为“非理性的”。

全句可译为：在我们这个时代，在我们这个社会中，通信革命已经影响到了我们的工作、生活、思维和感觉；但是对于它在经济、政治、社会和文化方面所产生的结果，人们还有争议。

20.答案：[C]against

此题属于词语搭配题。选项[C]：against与weigh连用，意为“权衡(利弊)”，例如：He weighed the advantages of changing his job against the disadvantages.(他对所换工作的利弊加以权衡比较。)根据上文“通信革命带来的结果还有争议”，可推断出本句的含义是：我们必须仔细权衡它所造成的利与弊。故选[C]。选项[A]：weigh above,不存在此搭配。选项[B]：weigh upon意为“成为负担”，例如：He’s under huge pressure at work and it’s really weighing on him.(他的工作压力太大，已成为他的负担。)选项[D]：weigh with sb.意为“对……很重要”，例如：Access to the railway station weighed heavily with us.(对我们来说，能到火车站是很重要的。)

从2002年试题中我们可心总结出以下规律：

1.对词汇的选择可考虑同一语意范围内词语的前后照应。例如：通读之后，我们发现in the wake of the pamphlet and the book(随着小册子和书籍的出现)与第4题in the company of periodical(期刊的兴起)语意上相互呼应；第18题influenced则与下文的implications相呼应。

2.根据上下文语意判断词汇。有些试题似乎在考查词汇，实际上是考查考生对短文的理解，如第19题，考的是人们对通讯革命的政治、经济等方面的看法怎样，下文出现了benefits和harmful outcomes(利与弊)，显然前面提到的看法是不统一的，是有争议的(controversial)。

3.利用固定语言搭配或句子结构。如第8题in perspective(正确地)，第14题storage capacity(储存容量)，和第2题it was not until...(直到……才……)。

4.激活相关常识。根据常识，newspaper应属于medium(媒体，第3题)；随着科技的加速发展，媒体或通讯业的变革也在speeded up(加速，第5题)等。

5. 从逻辑性、连贯性考虑语篇的结构。例如：第二段第一句是第一段结尾的转折(第9题, however)。

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Shortcomings 缺点Gratification 满足，满意Canned 录音的 Brainstorm 集思广益，风暴Passive 被动的，消极的Delicate 微妙的 Monotonous 单调的，枯燥的Fledgling 羽毛初长的雏鸟Stretch 一段时间 Naive 幼稚的 Bubble 泡沫，幻想 Conceive 构思 Endeavor 努力，尽力 Option 选择 Sustained 持续的 （二）2008年新题型词汇Draft 草稿 Substantiate 证明，证实Inevitable 不可避免的 Abrupt 突然的

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