美国现实主义文学时期习题-带答案

The Age of Realism

I. Fill in the blanks.

1.Henry James first achieved recognition as a writer of the “_ International theme _____” --- a story which brings together

persons of various nationalities who represent certain characteristics of their country.

2.The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn__ was Mark Twain’s masterpiece from which, as Hemingway noted, “all modern

American literature comes.”

3.The three dominant figures of the American Realistic Period are William Dean Howells, _Mark Twain___, and Henry

James.

4.Henry James's emphasis on psychology and on the human consciousness proves to be a big breakthrough in novel writing

and has great influence on the coming generations. That is why he is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th century “the stream of consciousness”.

5.As one of America’s first and foremost realists and humorists, _Mark Twain___, the pen name of Samuel Langhorne

Clemens, usually wrote about his own personal experiences and things he knew about from firsthand experiences.

6._ Henry James _ was a realist, but not a naturalist. He was an observer of the mind rather than a recorder of time. His

realism was a special kind of psychological realism.

7.One of Clemens’s best books _Life on the Mississippi___ is built around his experiences as a steamboat pilot.

8.Mark Twain’s first novel, _The Gilded Age______ was an artistic failure, but it gave its name to the America of the

post-bellum period which it attempted to satirize.

9.The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the 19th century French literature

on the American men of letters gave rise to another school of Realism : American Naturalism.

II. Decide whether the statements are true or false.

1.In the latter half of the nineteenth century, women som ewhat became the nation’s dominant culture force. T

2.In the late nineteenth century, although Americans continued to read the works of Irving, Cooper, Hawthorne, and Poe, the

great age of American romanticism had ended. T

3.The American realists sought to describe the wide range of American experience and to present the subtleties of human

personality. T

4.Mark Twain had, as his aim of writing, the soul, the life, and the speech of the people in mind. T

5.Mark Twain’s later works unmistakably showed his change from an optimist and humorist to an almost despairing

determinist. T

6.The bulk of America’s literary realism was limited to optimistic treatment of the surface of life. F

7.American naturalism, like realism, had come from Europe. T

8.Mark Twain’s last writin gs revealed the deep grief his personal losses had caused him and reflected the deep cynicism and

disillusionment with his world. T

9.Henry James was not only one of the most important realists of the period before the First World War, but also one of the

most expert stylists of his time. T

10.Henry James’ greatest influence was exerted not on his own age but on the one that followed.T

11.Uncle Tom’s Cabin is written with vivid life-description and an enthusiastic political passion. T

12.Uncle Tom’s Cabin plays an important role in promoting the political struggle against slavery. T

13.Mark Twain’s humor, satire and the unique artistic works are the gems of American literature. T

14.Jack London vividly describes the miserable life of the working people. T

15.O. Henry uses slang to give force and humor. T

16.Jack London tells his story through action rather than through words. T

17.Jack London’s prose style is forceful and colorful rather than precise. T

18.Henry James was concerned with the moral values. T

Ⅲ. Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.

1._ B___ had been an evident influence on Naturalism. It seemed to stress the animal impulse of man, to suggest that man

was dominated by the irresistible forces of evolution.

A. Unitarianism

B. Origins of Species

C. Puritanism and Influence

D. Capitalist Economy

2.Who is called “the true father of our national literature” by the writer H. L. Mencken? B

A. Benjamin Franklin

B. Mart Twain

C. Hemingway

D. William Faulkner

3.In the first part of the 20th century, apart from Darwinism, which was still a big influence upon the writers of this period,

there were two thinkers __A___ whose ideas had the greatest impact on the period.

A. the German Karl Marx and the American Sigmund Freud

B. the German Karl Marx and the Austrian Sigmund Freud

C. the Swiss Car Jung and the American William James

D. the Austrian Karl Marx and the German Sigmund Freud

4.The American realists approached the harsh realities and pressures in the post-Civil war society by _D____.

A. a comprehensive picture of modern life in its various occupations, class stratifications and manners

B. a psychological exploration of man’s subcon sciousness

C. a disillusion of heroism resulting from the dark memories of the Civil War

D. both A and B

5.By the turn of the century, with the publication of The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg and The Mysterious Stranger, the

change in Mark Twain from ______ to _____ could be felt. C

A. an optimist...an almost despairing pessimist

B. an almost despairing pessimist...an optimist

C. a local colorist...a naturalist

D. a naturalist...a local colorist

6.The Portrait of a Lady is generally considered to be James’s masterpiece, which _B___.

A. incarnates the clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a European cultural

environment

B. tells a story about a young and innocent American confronting the complexity of the European life

C. is about a young American girl who gets “killed” by the winter in Rome

D. tells about some Europeans who learn with difficulty to adapt themselves to the American life

7.About Henry James’ literary criticism, which of the following is not right? D

A. It is both concerned with form and devoted to human values.

B. He indicates that the aim of the novel is to present life in every possible form.

C. He advocates the freedom of the artist to write about anything that concerns him.

D. He believes that the ar tist can’t feel the life, but he can understand human nature in their own way.

8.The characters presented by the naturalist writers were _A____.

A. more often than not dominated by their environment and heredity

B. usually idealized heroes or heroines of unspotted virtue and dazzling accomplishments

C. in most cases examples of human experience

D. people who were simply all good or all bad

9.After the Civil War America was transformed from ______ to ____. A

A. an agrarian community … an industrialized and comm ercialized society

B. an agrarian community … a society of freedom and equality

C. a poor and backward society … an industrialized and commercialized society

D. an industrialized and commercialized society … a highly developed society

10.Which of the following is said of the American naturalism? D

A. They preferred to have their own region and people at the forefront of the stories.

B. Their characteristic setting is usually an isolated town.

C. Humans should be united because they had to adapt themselves to changing harsh environment.

D. Their characters were conceived more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits conditioned by

social and economic forces.

11.Which of the following is not right about Mark Twain's style of language? A

A. His sentence structures are long, ungrammatical and difficult to read.

B. His words are colloquial, concrete and direct in effect.

C. His humor is remarkable and characterized by puns, straight-faced exaggeration, repetition and anti-climax.

D. His style of language had exerted rather deep influence on the contemporary writers.

12.Which of the following is not written by Henry James? D

A. The Portrait of A Lady and The Europeans

B. The Wings of the Dove and The Ambassadors

C. What Maisie Knows and The Bostonians

D. The Genius and The Gilded Age

13.By the end of the 19th century, the American realists sought to _____ and therefore rejected the portrayal of idealized

characters and events in their writings. D

A. describe the wide range of American experience

B. show animal nature of human beings

C. present the subtleties of human personality

D. both A and C

14.Which of the following is not right about Mark Twain? C

A. In his writings, he made a more extensive combination of American folk humor and serious literature than previous

writers had ever done.

B. His The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is usually considered a classic book written for boys about their particular horrors

and joys.

C. His caustic and increasingly bleak view of human nature began to appear in his early books.

D. As a sequel to Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn marks the climax of his literary creativity.

15.One of Henry James’s literary techniques innovated to cater for his psychological emphasis is his__D______.

A. technique of stream of consciousness

B. first person narrative

C. author’s participation in narrating

D. narrative point of view

16.The great American realist Henry James treated with great care ___C______ in the first period.

A. ancient European civilization which is satirized severely in his writings

B. the emotional and moral problems of Americans in Europe, or Europeans in America

C. the clashes between two different cultures, European and American

D. both B and C

17.Henry James’s fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with ___D____.

A. the love and marriage theme

B. the theme of humor and satire on life

C. the theme of revealing the miserable life of the poor and criticizing the capitalism

D. the international theme

18.After the Civil War America had been transformed from to . B

A. an agrarian community…a society of freedom and equality

B. an agrarian community…an industrialized and commercialized society

C. an industrialized and commercialized society…a highly developed society

D. a poor and backward society…an indu strialized and commercialized society

19.The three dominant figures in the period of Realism of America are William Dean Howells, Mark Twain and___A_____.

A. Henry James

B. Tom James

C. James Joyce

D. Henry Joyce

20.The use of __D______ in his writings has made Mark Twain one of the major literary figures in the 19th century American

literature.

A. point of view

B. stream-of-consciousness

C. interior monologue

D. vernacular

21.___A____ is generally considered to be Henry James’ masterpiece, which incarnates the clash between the Old World and

the New in the life journey of an American girl in a European cultural environment.

A. The Portrait of a Lady

B. The Golden Bowl

C. Daisy Miller

D. The Turn of the Screw

22.Upon the publication of The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg (1900) and The Mysterious Stranger (1916), the change in

Mark Twain from an optimist to an almost despairing pessimist could be felt and his cynicism and disillusionment with what Twain referred to regularly as the__C_____ became obvious.

A. damned slavery

B. damned Negro

C. damned human race

D. damned society

23.Henry James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th century __D______ novels and the founder of psychological

realism.

A. local

B. color

C. physical

D. stream-of-consciousness

24.In the post-Civil War society the American realists portrayed the harsh realities and pressures by __C______.

A. a comprehensive picture of modern life in its various occupations, class stratifications and manners

B. a n arrative exploration of man’s subconsciousness

C. a disillusion of heroism resulting from the dark memories of the Civil War

D. a revival of heroism resulting from the glorious memories of the Revolutionary War

25.The realistic period is referred to as “the Gilded Age” by __A____.

A. Mark Twain

B. Henry James

C. Emily Dickinson

D. Theodore Dreiser

26.___B___, being a boy’s book specially written for the adults, is Mark Twain’s most representative book.

A. Roughing It

B. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

C. Life on the Mississippi

D. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

27.As a realist, Mark Twain concerned particularly about the local character of a region, which came about as “__C_____”.

A. Naturalism

B. Transcendentalism

C. Local Colorism

D. both A and C

28.Realism was a reaction against__B___ or a move away from the bias towards romance and self-creating fictions, and paved

the way to Modernism.

A. Rationalism

B. Romanticism

C. Neoclassicism

D. Enlightenment

29.Another fact that made __A__ unique is his magic power with language, his use of vernacular. His words are colloquial,

concrete and direct in effect, and his sentence structures are simple, even ungrammatical, which is typical of the spoken language.

A. Twain

B. Anderson

C. James

D. Dreiser

30.About Naturalism, which of the following statements is NOT correct? D

A. Naturalists chose their subjects from the lower ranks of society.

B. They portrayed misery and poverty of the “underdogs”, who were demonstrably victims of society and nature.

C. One of the most familiar themes in American Naturalism is the theme of human “bestiality,” especially an explanation of

sexual desire.

D. American Naturalism is a reaction against Realism.

31.Which of the f ollowing is NOT a typical feature of Henry James’s writing style? D

A. Exquisite and elaborate language

B. Minute detailed description

C. Lengthy psychological analysis

D. American colloquialism

32.The Age of Realism is the literary history of the United States refers to the period from to . C

A. 1861 – 1914

B. 1863 – 1918

C. 1865 – 1914

D. 1865 – 1918

33.Who is described by Mark Twain as a boy with "a sound heart and a deformed conscience?" B

A. Tom Sawyer

B. Huckleberry Finn

C. Jim

D. Tony

34.Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his C .

A. international theme

B. waste-land imagery

C. local color

D. symbolism

35.Mark Twain’s ____ tells a story of his boyhood ambitious to become a riverboat pilot, up and down the Mississippi. C

A. Roughing It

B. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

C. Life on the Mississippi

D. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

IV. Terms

American Realism

In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. The Age of Realism came into existence. It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism. Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It expresses the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience.

Local colorism

Local Colorism or Regionalism as a trend first made its presence felt in the late 1860s and early seventies in America. It may be defined as the careful attegogoms in speech, dress or behavior peculiar to a geographical locality. The ultimate aim of the local colorists is to create the illusion of an indigenous little world with qualities that tell it apart from the world outside. The social and intellectual climate of the country provided a stimulating milieu for the growth of local color fiction in America. Local colorists concerned themselves with presenting and interpreting the local character of their regions. They tended to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life. They formed an important part of the realistic movement. Although it lost its momentum toward the end of the 19th century, the local spirit continued to inspire and fertilize the imagination of author.

Naturalism

A more deliberate kind of realism in novels, stories and plays, usually involving a view of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social environment. Naturalism was a new and harsher realism. It developed on the basis of realism but went a step further than it in portraying social reality.

V. Questions

1.What are the identifying Characteristics of Realistic Writing?

2.What is realism? What features does it have? Who are the important representatives?

3.Why did Whitman use the style of free verse to write his poetry? What kind of thoughts does Whitman express in his poetry?

Find relative information from other sources.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7b17730566.html,ment on Mark Twain’s Features

5.What is the most famous theme in Henry James’ fiction? What is his favorite approach in character ization, which makes

him different from Mark Twain and W. D. Howells as realists?

6.A ccording to Henry James’ viewpoint, what is the conflict between the American personalities and European personalities?

7.What is naturalism? What features does it have? What connections does it have with realism? Who are the representatives?

8.What kind of literary position did Jack London hold? What about his literary ideas? Analyze his naturalistic ideas in The

Call of the Wild and Martin Eden.

美国文学练习题

5. Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of ________ which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. A. romantic stories B. symbolic stories C. gothic stories D. humorous stories 7. Romanticism appeared as a literary trend against _____. A. rationality B. imagination C. intuition D. individualism 12. _____ held a “black”vision of life and human beings. A. Ralph Waldo Emerson B. Nathaniel Hawthorne C. Edgar Allan Poe D. James Fenimore Cooper 16. Born of one common cultural heritage, the American Romanticists shared some common features..._______, with the English Romanticists. A. an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions B. an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters C. an increasing emphasis on the desire to return to nature D. both A and B 17. _______ was the first great American writer to earn international fame. A. Irving B. Cooper C. Emerson D. Whitman 21. Pearl is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel _________ . A. Moses from an Old Manse B. Twice-Told Tales C. The Scarlet Letter D. The Blithedale Romance 7. Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, ang Pearl are most likely the names of the characters in __________. A.The Scarlet Letter B. The House of the Seven Gables C. The Portrait of a Lady D. The Pioneers 24. Being a period of the flowering of American literature, the Romantic period is also called “_____”. A. the American Renaissance B. the English Renaissance C. the Harlem Renaissance D. the Second Renaissance 5. According to Hawthorne, the scarlet letter “A”which originally stood for “_______” f inally obtained the meaning of “able”or “angel”through Hester’s efforts. A. adultery B. arrogance C. accomplishment D. agony 13. F. Scott Fitzgerald is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the ____________.

美国文学现实主义

I．Definition of American Realism “Where romanticists transcend the immediate to find the ideal, and naturalists plumb the actual or superficial to find the scientific laws that control its actions, realists enter their attention to a remarkable degree on the immediate, the here and now, the specific action, and the verifiable consequence” (William Harmon and Hugh Holman, A Handbook to Literature,p428 Realism is based on the accurate, unromanticized observation of human experiences. It insists on everyday scenes are represented in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner on precise description, authentic action and dialogue, moral honesty and a democratic openness in subject matter and style. As a literary movement, realism refers to the approach of realist fiction occurred at the latter part of the 19th century. Realistic writers examine things in much detail, question the scene they’re talking about, question what they’re seeing, have critical sense, are truthful to life. Realism: try to educate people, to warn people, to be moral teachers, to benefit the society he criticizes so much, to deal with morality, to be more critical Characteristics of Writings (1) Realism is the theory of writing in which familiar aspects of contemporary life and everyday senses are represented in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner. (2) In realist fiction characters from all social levels are examined in depth. (3) Open ending is also a good example of the truthful treatment of material. (4) Realism focuses on commonness of the lives of the common people who are customarily ignored by the arts. (5) Realism emphasizes objectivity and offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience. (6) Romanticism presents moral visions II. The reasons on the rise of American Realism ※more educated people; ※the development of industry; ※growth of population in city / urban; ※immigration: people move from the north to the south, from the east to the west; ※the Gilded Age: more and more people become rich, pleasure-seeking, self-contained . Political reason： ?the result of the American Civil War (1861--1865) : ?The victory of the North, to protect the integrity of the United States as an indivisible nation; ?Congress tried to press forward with its program of “Reconstruction”, or reform of the southern states; ?Slavery was abolished, however, the southern states passed laws to segregate whites and blacks in public places; To the end of the 19th century, the system of segregation grew more rigid; most southern blacks were still living a miserable life Economic Development： ?Northern industrialism had triumphed over Southern agrarianism农业的, and from that victory came a society based on mass labor and mass consumption. ?In the first decades after the Civil War, Americans ceased to be isolated from the world

【免费下载】西方文学自测题库及参考答案 19世纪1

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美国文学复习题(有答案版)

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