Unit 8 (Geography)

Tape Scripts

Unit 8 Geography

Part I In-class Listening

I. Understanding Listening Skills

Listening Task

Directions: Listen to the following ten short conversations, try to make inferences and choose the best answers to the questions you hear.

1. W: Can I help you?

M: Yes, do you have this coat in a large size?

Q: What is the woman?

2. W: Didn’t Mary go shopping with you yesterday?

M: Even if she hadn’t done a lot of studying she would have preferred staying home to going shopping.

Q: What does the man imply about Mary?

3. M: What does the word mean?

W: Don’t you have a dictionary?

Q: What does the woman mean?

4. W: Can you help me? I haven’t done this before?

M: It’s easy. All you do is put the worm on the hook, loosen the line and cast it.

Q: What is the man showing the woman to do?

5. M: Do you think we can wrap up the report by five?

W: Have you looked at the clock recently?

Q: What does the woman imply?

6. M: Why didn’t you stop when we signaled?

W: I am sorry. Will I have to pay a fine?

Q: What does the woman imply?

7W: If you hadn’t told me about the party, I might have gone home.

M: They would be unhappy if you didn’t show up.

Q: What is the woman going to do?

8W: Mary should be much wiser to stay in the country for another year and finish h er Doctor’s degree than go home and take over her father’s business.

M: Yes, I can’t agree with you more.

Q: What does the man think about Mary?

9W: Here is the yearly report about our production.

M: Thank you. But I wonder whether these statistical figures are correct.

Q: What does the man really mean?

10M: I got a few things from the shop.

W: A few? It looks like you bought out the supermarket!

Q: What does the woman mean?

II. Understanding a Conversation

Listening Task

Directions: Listen to the following conversation and choose the best answers to the questions you hear.

DB: Good evening, I'm Deborah Byrd for Earth and Sky. Together with me here is Joel Block, the professor from School of Geography.

JB: Hello, I'm Joel Block.

DB: Professor Block, many a listener has been checking in to show their concerns about the Himalayas. Would you please give us some knowledge?

JB: Well, The highest mountains in the world -- the Himalayas -- came into being millions of years ago. Forty million years ago, India crashed into Asia. It ground its way under that larger plate of land -- and as it did it pushed up a range of mountains -- the Himalayas.

DB: So you mean Indian subcontinent pushed against Asia to create the Himalayas?

JB: Yes. The Himalayan range extends 1,550 miles, or approximately half the width of the continental United States. The mountains are from the Kashmir region in the northwest to Tibet in the southeast. Within this spread, 110 mountains rise higher than 7,300 meters. Of these, the most famous is Mount Everest, which rests on the border between Nepal and Tibet. With its peak 8,850 meters above sea level, Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world. No wonder the Himalayan Mountains have earned the nickname "Rooftop of the World."

DB: Actually they deserve it. And it is reported that there is a variety of temperature in the mountains.

JB: That’s right. The temperature varies a lot in the mountains. Under 2000 meters you only need light clothes. Over 2000 meters the temperature can drop to minus degrees centigrade in the night. At mid-day the temperature will be fine, 20-25 degrees. Late afternoon when the sun disappears behind a mountain the temperature drops suddenly. Then you need some warm clothes.

DB: So that is one of the problems for Himalayan Mountaineering.

JB: Mountaineering has been a popular sport in the Himalayas from the early decades of this century. It is a sport that takes stretches one to the limits - physical, mental and emotional. Successful mountaineers have often become national heroes in their countries.

DB: Thank you so much for your participation.

JB: You’re welcome.

Questions

1. What can you know about Earth and Sky?

2. How did the Himalayas come into being?

3. How long does the Himalayan range extend?

4. Which of the following statements is Not True about Mount Everest?

5. What is the problem mentioned for mountaineers?

III. Understanding a Passage

Listening Task

A. Directions: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

The Amazon

The Amazon is one of the world's great rainforests. The Amazon river runs 3,000 miles from the Andes to the sea, and is longer than any river but the Nile. The vast Amazon basin covers more than two and a half million square miles, more than any other rainforest.

Hundreds of years ago, many Indians, or indigenous peoples, lived in the Amazon. Most lived along rivers, where canoes made transportation easy. Many of these indigenous people died from diseases brought to South America by European explorers and colonists. Others died after being enslaved. Today, there are fewer indigenous people in the Amazon than there were 500 years ago.

They have lived in the Amazon for thousands of years. For most of that time, they hunted, fished, and grew a variety of crops in small gardens. Their lifestyle was called subsistence, because they hunted and grew only what they needed to subsist, or survive. They practiced a kind of agriculture called slash and burn.

Slash and burn sounds terribly hard on the environment, but--if done properly--it is one of the most ecologically harmonious methods of cultivation. Farmers clear the land by slashing the trees and bushes, then burning them to release nutrients into the soil. They grow crops in the new field for a few years, and then clear another plot of land to plant. Later, they will return and clear an old field, now covered with the young trees of a secondary forest.

Life in the Amazon has changed dramatically in recent years. Since the 1950s, the population of Napo province has been growing tremendously. More and more people are hunting and fishing, and nowadays there are few animals or fish left in the forest. Traditional agricultural methods are no longer viable, and most people have turned to agriculture to survive.

B. Directions:Listen to the passage again, focus on the paragraph about a kind of agriculture the Indians practiced and fill the blanks with the exact words you’v e heard.

Part II After-class Listening

Understanding Passages

Listening Task 1

Directions: Listen to the passage and answer the questions you hear briefly.

Passage 1

Rivers and Lakes in China

China has many long rivers, most of which flow eastwards and pour into the Pacific Ocean. The best known and most important are the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Pearl River, the Heilong River, the Haihe River and the Huaihe River.

Originating in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the Yangtze River zigzags for 6,300 kilometers as the longest river in China. In the southern fringe of Sichuan Basin it passes through the narrow, dangerous Three Gorges (Qutang Xia, Wuxia and Xiling Xia).

With a total length of 5,464 kilometers, the Yellow River is the second longest river in China. Originating in Qinghai Province, it travels through nine provinces before it pours into the sea. Its drainage marks the original home of the Chinese nation and the cradle of Chinese Civilization.

Other than natural rivers, China has more than 2,000 lakes, large and small. On the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau there are many salt lakes, the largest of which is Qinghai Lake. The lakes on the eastern plains are mostly freshwater lakes. Most of these freshwater lakes are rich in water supply and most convenient for transportation and irrigation, besides producing fish and other aquatic products.

Questions

1. What are the best known and most important rivers in China?

2. How long is the longest river in China?

3. What does the Yellow River symbolize?

4. What can be said about Qinghai Lake?

5. According to the passage, what benefits do the freshwater lakes bring to people?

Listening Task 2

Directions: Listen to the passage and answer the questions you hear briefly.

The National Geographic Society is a private organization that studies and explores the world. In1988, the Society did a study of what people knew about geography. The results showed that Americans knew less about places on the Earth than did other people around the world. So the National Geographic Society started an education campaign to improve knowledge about geography.

One part of the campaign was a geography competition for school children. Since 1989, young American students have competed for the National Geographic championship.

Final judging of this year's competition was held in May in Washington, D.C. The youngest person in the National Geographic competition won the event. Calvin McCarter of Jenison, Michigan, won twenty-five-thousand dollars to attend college.

Calvin will have to wait a while to start university studies, however. He is only ten years old. He defeated nine older students in the final event of the geography competition. An estimated five-million students took part in earlier competitions at their schools and at state contests.

Calvin does not attend school. His mother teaches him at home. Eleven others taking part in the final event of the National Geographic competition also study at home.

The second-place winner was Matthew Russell of Bradford, Pennsylvania. He won fifteen-thousand dollars for college. Erik Miller of Kent, Washington won third place and ten-thousand dollars for college. Matthew and Erik are both fourteen years old.

The winners answered a number of questions like this one: In what country are the rivers called Churchill, Slave and Peace? The answer is Canada. Or, name the two remaining republics of Yugoslavia. The answer is Serbia and Montenegro. Or, which country controlled Papua New Guinea before it became independent in Nineteen-Seventy-Five? The answer is Australia.

The final of the National Geographic competition was broadcast on television. Some adults who watched said they wished they knew half as much about geography as the children did.

Questions

1. What did the National Geographic Society find in a study in 1988?

2. What is the purpose of the education campaign the society has launched ?

3. How long has the geography competition for school children held?

4. What are the winners in the competition awarded?

5. What can you infer about the influence of the competition on some adults?

Keys

Unit 8 Geography

Part I In-class Listening

I. Listening task 1 : A BADA ADACA

II. Understanding a Conversation: CAACC

Ⅲ.Understanding a Passage

Listening task1: 1.T 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.T

Listening task 2: properly; harmonious; clear; release; covered

Part II After-class Listening

Ⅰ.Understanding Passage One

1.The Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Pearl River, the Heilong River, the Haihe

River and the Huaihe River.

2.6,300 kilometers

3.It marks the original home of the Chinese nation and the cradle of Chinese

Civilization.

4.It is the largest salt lake.

5.They provide water, convenient transportation and irrigation, and rich aquatic

products.

Ⅱ.Understanding Passage Two

1. Americans knew little about geography.

2.To improve people’s knowledge about geography.

3. Since 1989.

4. They are awarded money for college.

5. The influence is positive, making some adults want to learn more about geography.

(完整word版)学术综合英语课后答案解析

Unit 1 C 1.The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.

2019-2020人教版八年级英语上册Unit 8单元语法小专题

单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus) 语法精讲 一、祈使句 祈使句常用来表示命令、指示、请求、要求或建议等。 1．当主语是第二人称you时，you通常被省略。这种祈使句一般以动词原形开头。它的否定形式是在动词原形前加Don't。如： Be more careful next time.下次仔细点。 Come to school earlier next time.下次早点来学校。 Don't play computer games.不要玩电脑游戏。 在祈使句的句首或句尾加please，可以使祈使句的语气更委婉。注意：在句尾加please 时，要在please前加逗号。如： Please speak loudly.＝Speak loudly，please.请大声讲话。 2．带有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句通常以let为引导词，一般用来提建议。如： Let's watch the cartoon now.现在我们看卡通片吧。 Let's/Let me祈使句的否定形式是Let's/Let me not…或Don't let's/let me …；“Let ＋第三人称”的否定形式为Don't let ＋第三人称…。如： Let's not play soccer in the street.我们不要在街上踢足球。 Don't let her watch so much TV.不要让她看这么多电视。 二、可数名词与不可数名词 普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词可以用具体的数词来修饰，也可以用“数词＋计量名词＋of ＋可数名词的复数形式”来表示。如：three apples三个苹果；two bags of watermelons两袋西瓜2．不可数名词没有复数形式，表示量时用“数词＋计量名词＋of ＋不可数名词”结构。如：a cup of milk一杯牛奶 3．可数名词的量可以用how many提问；不可数名词的量可以用how much提问。 4．some，any，a lot of，lots of等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。 语法精练 Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．________(keep) quiet in the library. 2．Don't ________(swim) in the river，please. 3．Please don't ________(be) late for school next time. 4．You should not eat too much ________(meat)． 5．They visited two big ________(factory) last month. 6．There ________(be) some bread on the table. You can have some. 7．Would you like to buy some ________(salt), Mrs. Smith? 8．Both his uncle and his aunt are famous ________(scientist)． 9．How much ________(coffee) is there in the cup? 10．How many ________(watermelon) did you buy yesterday? Ⅱ.按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。 11．You must listen to the teacher carefully. (改为祈使句) ________ ________ the teacher carefully，please. 12．You can't pour the water into the pot. (改为祈使句) ________ ________ the water into the pot. 13．I have two brothers. (对画线部分提问)

学术综合英语unit1_5课后习题答案解析

Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。 在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be exp licit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.

人教版八年级上册英语单词

人教版八年级上册英语单词Unit1 how often 多久一次 exercise v.& n.锻炼skateboard v.踩滑板 hardly adv.几乎不 ever adv.曾，曾经 once adv.一次 twice adv.两次 time n.次，次数 surf v.在…冲浪 Internet n.网络 program n.节目，表演 high school 高中，完全中学result n.结果 active adj.活跃的，积极的 for prep.对于，在…方面 as for 至于,关于 about adv.几乎，大约 junk n.废弃的旧物 junk food 垃圾食品 milk n.牛奶 coffee n.咖啡 chip n.（食物等的）薄片 cola n.可乐 chocolate n.巧克力 drink v.喝，饮 health n.健康，健康状况 how many 多少 interviewer n.采访者 habit n.习惯 try v.试图，设法，努力 of course 当然 look after 照顾，照看lifestyle n.生活方式 grade n.分数，成绩 better adj.& adv.更好的（地）same adj.同样的，相同的 as prep.像…一样 different adj.不同的，有区别的difference n.不同，差异，区别unhealthy adj.不健康的

maybe adv.或许，大概although conj.虽然，即使for prep.达，计 grandpa n.外公，爷爷 a lot of 大量，许多 keep v.保持 must modal v.必须 less adj.更小的，较少的Unit2 中文 matter n.事情，问题 have v.得（病），患（病）cold n.受凉，感冒 have a cold 得了感冒stomachache n.胃痛 sore adj.疼痛的 back n.背，背部 arm n.臂，胳膊 ear n.耳朵 eye n.眼睛 foot n.脚，足 hand n.手 head n.头，头部 leg n.腿，腿部 mouth n.嘴 neck n.脖子，颈部 nose n.鼻子 stomach n.胃 tooth n.牙齿 throat n.喉咙 toothache n.牙痛 fever n.发烧，发热 rest v.休息 honey n.蜂蜜 dentist n.牙医 should modal v.应该headache n.头痛 shouldn't=should not ago adv.以前 so pron.如此，这样 illness n.疾病 advice n.劝告 thirsty adj.渴的

人教版英语八年级上册 Unit 8 语法 单词归纳

语法 祈使句 用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等，因此祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you，直接用动词原形开头，句尾用句号或感叹号。有时，在祈使句前面或末尾加上please，显得有礼貌。 ?肯定的表达 1. 以动词原形开头 例：Have a nice weekend! 祝你周末愉快！ Be careful! 小心！ Come in, please!=Please come in! 请进！ 2. 以Let开头 例：Let me help you! 让我来帮你！ Let us try again! 让我们再试一次！ Let's sing together! 我们一起唱歌吧！ ?祈使句否定的表达 1. Don't＋动词原形＋其他成分. 例：Don't say that again! 别再那样说了！ 2. Don't be＋其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）. 例：Don't be careless. 不要粗心。 3. let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种： let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在let前加Don't，也可在let后的宾语后面加not；如果以Let's开头的祈使句，必须在Let's 后加not。 例：Don't let me go with her tomorrow. = Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。

Let's not tell her the true story. 我们别把真相告诉她。 4.常用No doing! No + n. 句型表达在某些场合“禁止某种行为”，或对某种行为进行劝阻，但并非所有的动词或名词都可以这样表达，常见的搭配如下： ?祈使句的反意疑问句 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分通常用will you。例： Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you? 陈述部分形式为Let's，疑问部分用shall we，而陈述部分形式为Let us，疑问部分用will you。例： Let's try harder, shall we? Let us go now, will you? ?总结

新牛津译林版八年级上8A-Unit1-8语法总结

八年级上册8AUnit1 -8语法总结 1. 形容词/副词的比较等级(1)—用法讲解 大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示更……”，用于两 者之间的比较，用来说明前者比后者更..... ”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰， 其中even, much只能修饰比较级。最高级表示最 ... ”，用于三者及三者以上之间的比较， 用来说明某人或某物在某个范围内最……” ①形容词的比较级(-er)和最高级(-est)的构成规则变化之口诀：直接加；去e加；双写加；变y加;more/ most b. ②比较级前的修饰语 still, even, any, quite（a bit）, almost, nearly, just, rathe; a little, a bit; much, a lot, far, many； twice, ten times, one fourth, two poun ds, three years 形容词的比较等级（2）—常见句型 ①A=B A+ V + as + adj./adv. + as + B （与。。。一样） He is as tall as I/me.他和我一样高。 He is as good a teacher as his father.和他的父亲一样是个好教师。 ②心 B A + V + not + as/so + adj./adv. + as + B （与。。。不一样） They didn ' t do as/so much work as you（他们干得事没有你多。 I ' ve never seen as/so old a car as我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。 ③ A > B 或 A < B A + V + 比较级+ than + B （比。。。更。。。） Tom is two years older tha n his brother.汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。 Our classroom is bigger than theirs.我们的教室比他们的大。 ④表示倍数 A + V + twice/four times/ …+ as + adj./adv. + a$ A 是 B 的两倍/四倍/ …） This room is twice as large as that one.整个房间是那房间的两倍大。 The earth is 49 times as big as the moo地球是月球的49 倍大。 ⑤表示程度的递增主语+ V +比较级+ and+比较级（…越来越…） 主语+ V + more and more+ +adj./adv. （…越来越…） The days are gett ing shorter and shorter.天变得越来越长了。 Our country is beco ming more and more beautifu我们的国家变得越来越美了。 ⑥表示两种情况同时变化 The+比较级+主语+ V + …the+比较级+主语+ V + …（…越…越…） The more we get together, the happier we ' ll be.=lf we get together more, we ' ll be happ 我们聚得越多，我们就会越高兴。

【牛津版】八年级英语上册Unit8Naturaldisasters词汇与语法基础训练卷_含答案

Unit 8 Natural disasters 知识精讲 一、必背词汇 disaster n. 灾难；不幸，祸患 mop vt. 用拖把擦干净 up adv. 完全地 earthquake n. 地震 accident n. 事故，意外的事 coach n. 长途汽车 crash vi. & vt. 猛撞；碰撞 flood n. 洪水，水灾 village n. 村庄，乡村 lightning n. 闪电 storm n. 风暴，暴（风）雨 thunder n. 雷，雷声 slight adj. 轻微的 shake vi. & vt. 摇动，震动 loud adj. 响亮的；大声的；喧闹的 bomb n. 炸弹 fear n. 害怕，恐惧

direction n. 方向 brick n. 砖，砖块 silent adj. 寂静的 nervous adj. 紧张不安的 heart n. 心脏 beat vi. & vt. （使）规律作响，作节奏运动trapped adj. 困住的 mind n. 头脑 calm vi. & vt. （使）平静，（使）镇定since conj. 由于，既然 still adv. 仍然 alive adj. 活着的 dark n. 黑暗 shout n. 呼喊，喊叫声 safe adj. 安全的 asleep adj. 睡着的 break vi. 损坏；打破 towel n. 毛巾，浴巾 rule n. 规则 railway n. 铁路

pancake n. 烙饼，薄饼burn n. 烧伤，烫伤，灼伤board n. 木板 headache n. 头痛toothache n. 牙痛countryside n. 乡下, 农村nearly adv. 几乎，将近clear vt. 清除，清理shaking n. 摇动，震动

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