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上海市晋元高级中学2013-2014学年高二英语上学期12月月考试题

上海市晋元高级中学2013-2014学年高二英语上学期12月月考试题
上海市晋元高级中学2013-2014学年高二英语上学期12月月考试题

2013年学第一学期晋元高级中学高二英语12月月考试

II. Grammar

Section A

Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct, (write the answers on the answer sheet)

People often cringe(退缩) when they hear the word fat. That may be because they misunderstand it. Experts at Harvard University point out: "The total amount of fat in the diet, ____21___ high or low isn't really linked with disease. ___22___ really matters is the type of fat in the diet."

In fact, some types of fats,___23___(include) most unsaturated fats, reduce the level of cholesterol in one's blood. Plant products like vegetable oils, nuts and seeds all contain these "good" fats. Omega-3, a fatty acid ____24__(find) in fish, may even reduce the risk of heart disease. The American Heart Association suggests eating two servings of fish a week for this reason.

___25____ types of fats should be avoided. Saturated fats increase blood cholesterol level, ____26___ can increase one's risk of heart disease. Meat, dairy products and eggs all contain this "bad" fat and ____27___ be consumed in moderation.

Trans fats, which are processed, unsaturated fats found in deep-fried dishes, many baked goods and margarine, should be avoided completely. Trans fats carry an even ___28_____(great) risk of heart disease than saturated fats.

So, replace the bad fats with the good gats in your diet, and enjoy a healthier life.

Word Bank

cringe v. 萎缩;因害怕而退却

Matha is so shy that she always cringes when the teacher calls on her to talk in class.

cholesterol n. 胆固醇

Too much cholesterol in your blood can increase your risk of heart disease.

moderation n. 适量;节制

Coffee is best consumed in moderation. Don't drink too much.

margarine n. 人造奶油;乳玛琳

Gary uses margarine instead of butter on his toast.

More Information

unsaturated fat n. 不饱和脂肪

fatty acid n. 脂肪酸

saturated fat n. 饱和脂肪

whether What including found Other which should greater

Section B

Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

More than two million people in Europe now have fiber broadband(光纤宽带)direct to their home, suggests a survey. The latest __29__ on superfast broadband delivered by fiber to the home (FTTH) show 18% growth over the last survey compiled in late 2008.

The continued growth suggests that the __30__ economic decline has not hit plans to build fiber networks. Sweden __31__ the list of nations applying the technology, with 10.9% of its broadband customers using fiber. Karel Helsen, president of Europe’s Fiber-To-The-Home Council, said the growth matched predictions that were __32__ when the credit crisis started to make itself felt. “The numbers in 2009 are in line with the latest forecasts,” said Mr. Helsen.

By 2012, the FTTH Council expects that 13 million people across 35 European nations will have their broadband delivered by fiber. Such services would start at a speed of 100 megabits per second (mbps), said Mr. Helsen. Around Europe more than 233 projects were underway to lay the fibers that would __33__ homes or buildings to the net, said Mr. Helsen. Many of those, he said, were being operated by local governments or smaller net firms. Local governments were interested in FTTH because of the economic and social __34__ it brought in its wake, said Mr. Helsen.

The low delay in high-speed fiber networks made __35__ new uses of broadband, he said. “No delay is very important,” he said, “specifically if you talk about __36__ that are time-dependent such as personal communications, conference calls or video calls where delays cause a lot of trouble.” While early FTTH services were __37__ in cities, said Mr. Helsen, many more were reaching out to rural areas for e-health and e-learning projects.

EHJCF GBD A

Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word 01* phrase that best fits the context.

People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and playing with others. However, playing sports can have __38 effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research

on kids and sports, 40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been __39 at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad __40 of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive. Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main _41 of too much aggression ill children's sports. They believe children _42 _ aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that__43 is everything. Many parents go to children's sporting events and shout __44 _ at other players or cheer when their child behaves __45__. As well, children arc even taught that hurting other players is _ 46 or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured _47 , the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television. As a society, we really need to___48_ this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches _49 should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better__50 . They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to _51 , themselves whether they win or not. Besides, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that _52 is not as important as winning.

38. A. restrictive B. negative C. active D. instructive

39. A. knocked B. glanced C. smiled D. shouted

40. A. impression B. concept C. taste D. expectation

41. A. resource B. cause C. course D. consequence

42. A. question B. understand C. copy D. neglect

43. A. winning B. practicing C. fun D. sport

44. A. praises B. orders C. remarks D. insults

45. A. proudly B. ambitiously C. aggressively D. bravely

46. A. acceptable B. impolite C. possible D. accessible

47. A. By contrast B. In addition C. As a result D. After all

48. A. look up to B. face up to C. make up for D. come up with

49. A. in particular B. in all C. in return D. in advance

50. A. techniques B. means C. values D. directions

51. A. respect B. relax C. forgive D. enjoy

52. A. body B. fame C. health D. spirit

BDABC ADCAB BACDC

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read

(A)

What are feelings for? Most nonscientists will find it a strange question.

Feelings justify themselves. Emotions give meaning and depth to life. They exist without serving any other purposes. On the other hand, many evolutionary biologists acknowledge some emotions primarily for their survival function. For both animals and humans, fear motivates the avoidance of danger, love is necessary to care for the young, and anger prepares one to hold ground. But the fact that a behavior functions to serve survival need not mean that. Other scientists have regarded the same behavior as conditioning and learned responses. Certainly reflexes(反射) and fixed action patterns can occur without feeling or conscious thought. A baby seagull pecks(啄) at a red spot on the bill(喙) of its parent. The seagull parent feeds its baby when pecked on the bill and the baby gets fed. The interaction need have no emotional content.

At the same time, there is no reason why such actions cannot have emotional content. In mammals that have given birth including humans, milk is often released automatically when a new baby cries. This is not under intended control but it is reflex. Yet this does not mean that feeding a new baby is exclusively reflex and expresses no feeling like love. Humans have feelings about their behavior even if it is conditioned or reflexive. Yet since reflexes exist and conditioned behavior is widespread, measurable, and observable, most scientists try to explain animal behavior by using only these concepts. It is simpler.

Preferring to explain behavior in ways that fit science's methods most easily, scientists have refused to consider any causes for animal behavior other than reflexive and conditioned ones. Scientific orthodoxy (正统) holds that what cannot be readily measured or tested cannot exist, or is unworthy of serious attention. But emotional explanations for animal behavior need not be impossibly complex or unstable. They are just more difficult for the scientific method to check on in the usual ways, so cleverer and more skillful approaches are called for. Most branches of science are more willing to make successive evaluation of what may prove ultimately unknowable, rather than ignoring it altogether.

53. The example of th e baby seagull pecking the parent’s bill is used to support that ______.

A. it is an inborn ability for adults to look after the young

B. behaviors can be learned and involve no emotions

C. emotions are of great importance for survival

D. it takes time for animals to be conditioned

54. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?

A. Breast-feeding a baby is conditioned or reflective but have no emotional connection.

B. Reflexes and conditioning will lead to a better understanding of animal emotions.

C. Scientists usually apply reflexes and conditioning in explaining animal behaviors.

D. Many evolutionary biologists believe that emotions are to some degree for survival.

55. To study animal emotions, scientists should ______.

A. analyze human emotions

B. distinguish what is emotional

C. set up improved experiments

D. learn from animal behaviorists

56. What is the author’s main purpose of writing this passage?

A. To illustrate that emotions are worth our attention.

B. To compare human emotions with animal emotions.

C. To discuss the importance and usefulness of emotions.

D. To explain what reflexive and conditioned behaviors are.

57. If the use of a new word is known to only a restricted group of people, it will D .

A. stand the test of time

B. have a decent history of use

C. be included in the dictionary

D. be rejected temporarily

58. Which of the following is not a necessary step of the new word Inclusion process?

A. Researching the word.

B. Consulting users.

C. Crafting the entry, D, Sourcing new words.

59. What is the purpose of presenting this graph?。

A. To encourage people to use the online database.

B. To promote the new version of dictionary.

C. To respond to people’s request about the word inclusion process.

D. To inform people of the new words to be included in the dictionary.

(C)

Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up that dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasn’t surprised when this didn’t make the news here in the United States—we’re now the only wealthy country without such a policy.

The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1933. It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks’ unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as “government run personnel management” and a “dangerous precedent.” In fact, every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed.

As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. In her book No Exit: What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is “no exit” when it comes to children. “Society expects—and needs—parents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the intensive, intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual, emotional, and moral capabilities. And society expects—and needs—parents to persist in their role for 18 years, or longer if needed.”

While most parents do this out of love, there are public penalties for not providing care, What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children’s welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life changing obligations society imposes. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is on collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue(不断积累)to the whole of society as today’s children become tomorrow’s productive citizenry(公民). In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money (including lost wages), is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product. If these investments generate huge social benefits—as they clearly do—the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer.

52.What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph?

A)America is now the only developed country without the policy.

B)It has now become a hot topic in the United States.

C)It came as a surprise when Australia adopted the policy.

D)Its meaning was clarified when it was established in Australia.

53.What has prevented the passing of work family balance laws in the United States?

A)The incompetence of the Democrats.

B)The existing Family and Medical Leave Act.

C)The lack of a precedent in American history.

D)The opposition from business circles.

54.What is Professor Anne Alstott’s argument for parental support?

A)The cost of raising children in the U.S. has been growing.

B)Good parenting benefits society.

C)The U.S. should keep up with other developed countries.

D)Children need continuous care.

55.What does the author think of America’s large body of family laws governing children’s welfare?

A)They fail to ensure children’s healthy growth.

B)They fail to provide enough support for parents.

C)They emphasize parents’ legal responsibilities.

D)They impose the care of children on parents.

56.Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice?

A)It is regarded as a legal obligation.

B)It relies largely on social support.

C)It generates huge social benefits.

D)It is basically a social undertaking.

52. A) America is now the only developed country without the policy.由第一自然段最后一句"We're now the only wealthy country without such a policy"可得出答案,答案A中developed其实就与wealthy的同义。

53. D) The opposition from business circles.由文章第二自然段可看出,美国商会和其他商业团体常常对于美国关于平衡工作与家庭生活两者关系的法律均是百般阻挠,相反民主党领导人常常是支持这项法律的。

54. B) Good parenting benefits society. Anne Alstott教授在其书中表达的主要观点就是"justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for."也就是说应该将家庭视作一个为社会带来好处的事情,同时该段中后面也阐述了社会期望也需要家长们对他们的孩子付出关爱。因此,教授的主要观点可以概括为良好的教养能造福于社会。

55. B) They fail to provide enough support for parents.由最后一段中"The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children's welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes."尽管州政府意识到了养育孩子的重要性,但是仍然家长们接受的帮助少之又少,因此答案为B.

56. D) It is basically a social undertaking.由文中最后一段"To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting…"可得出,将养育孩子作为一种个人选择,而不加之以社会责任的话,便是忽视良好教养所产生的社会效应……这里的collective responsibility指的就是一种社会责任,意指良好教养是一个需要全社会共同努力的事业,因为其带来的社会效应是巨大的。因此作者反对将养育孩子仅仅作为个人选择来看待。作者需要的是collective responsibility,因此答案选D,因为教养孩子是一种社会事业。该题是带概括性质的题。

60. In the last sentence of Para. One, “such a policy” refers to.

61. What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws in the U.S.?

62. According to Pro. Anne Alstott, society should back up good parenting because

63. How does the author view America’s fam ily laws for children?

III. Translation 16% (2+3+3+4+4)

1.让孩子根据自己的兴趣爱好去阅读。(in terms of)

2.计算机领域的日新月异使很多员工感到措手不及。(catch sb.off guard)

3.生物老师的实验引发孩子们对自然的好奇心。(curiosity)

4.Tom对于深秋季节去打猎很痴迷,所以每年这段时间他总是无法定下心来好好工作。(crazy, settle)

5.虽然澳大利亚很注重使每个人参与体育运动,但澳大利亚政南从不炫耀他的对体育上的大投入。(show off )

高二地理12月月考试题2 (3)

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