雅思阅读泛读试题库

( 1 )

When young people get their first real jobs, they may face a lot of new, confusing situations. They may find that everything is different from the way things were at school. It is also possible that they will feel uncomfortable and insecure in both professional and social situations. Eventually, they realize that university classes can't be the only preparation for all of the different situations that arise in the working world.

Perhaps the best way to learn how to behave in the working world is to identify a worker you admire and observe his behavior. In doing so, you will be able to see what it is that you admire in this person. For example, you will observe how he acts in a crisis. Perhaps even more important, you will be able to see what his approach to day-to-day situations is.

While you are observing your colleague, you should be asking yourself whether his behavior is like yours and how you can learn from his responses to a variety of situations. By watching and learning from a model, you will probably begin to identify and adopt good working habits.

1. The young people just graduated from school may not behave well in the working world, because _____.

A. what they learned in university classes is not adequate for their new life

B. they are not well educated

C. the society is too complicated to adapt to

D. they failed to work hard at school

2. In the last line of the first paragraph, the word "arise" means _____.

A. bring about

B. come into being

C. occur to

D. cause to happen

3. The best way to learn how to behave in the working world is _____.

A. to find a worker and follow him closely

B. to find a person you admire and make friends with him

C. to find a person you respect and watch carefully how he acts in different situations

D. to make the acquaintance of a model you admire

4. In the last line of the second parag raph, the word “approach” means _____.

A. means of entering

B. speaking to someone for the first time

C. way of coming nearer to

D. manner of doing something

5. The passage could be best entitled _____.

A. Learn from a Model

B. Learn, Learn and Learn Again

C. Learn Forever

D. One Is Never Too Old to Learn

( 2 )

The first English window was just a slit in the wall. It was cut long, so that it would let in as much light as possible, and narrow to keep out the bad weather. However, the slit let in more wind than li ght. This is why it was called “the wind?s eye”. The word window itself comes from two Old Norse words for wind and eye.

Before windows were used, the ancient halls and castles of northern Europe and Britain were dark and smoky. Their great rooms were high, with only a hole in the roof to let out the smoke from torches and cooking fires.

As time went on, people wanted more light and air in their homes. They made the wind's eyes wider so as to admit air and light. They stretched canvas of tapestry across them to keep out the weather.

1. The first window was a _____.

A. large hole in the wall

B. hole covered with canvas

C. slit in the wall

D. slit with a piece of paper over it

2. The word window meant _____.

A. opening to look through

B. light given

C. wind

D. wind?s eye

3. The window got its name because it _____.

A. kept out the wind

B. blew out the smoke

C. let in more wind than light

D. let in mostly light

4. In the ancient castles, smoke went out through _____.

A. the windows

B. the doors

B. the chimney D. a hole in the roof

5. It seems true that the larger, canvas-covered windows _____.

A. were not as good as the first windows

B. let in more light and kept out more wind

C. did not let any air in

D. were as good as today's windows

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( 3 )

It was once believed that a person was in great danger when he sneezed-people imagined that the soul could escape from the body at the moment of sneezing. "God bless you" was a prayer for assistance in keeping the soul where it belonged.

The German word Gesundheit (good health) is a variation of this prayer; the Irish deiseal and the Italian felicita are similar prayers. The Hindus say a word that means "live," and when a Mohammedan sneezes, he praises God.

The Zulus of South Africa, far from being afraid of sneezes, believe that a sneeze signifies a friendly spirit's blessing. Whenever a child sneezes, they shout "Grow!" hoping the friendly spirit that stimulated the sneeze will help the child grow tall and strong. The ancient Hebrews also believed that a sneeze was good-a sneeze indicates life; the dead never sneeze.

The Japanese say that if you sneeze once, someone is saying good things about you; if you sneeze twice, bad things are being said about you; if you sneeze three times, you have caught a cold.

1. P

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eople once thought that anyone who sneezed was _____.

A. sick

B. in danger

C. in good health

D. evil

2. "God bless you" was said in order to _____.

A. make children grow tall and strong

B. insure good health

C. keep the soul in the body

D. prevent someone from saying evil things about the sneezer

3. Gesundheit is a sneezing prayer most like _____.

A. the Zulu prayer

B. "God bless you"

C. the Japanese prayer

D. a warning

4. The Zulus believe that sneezing is caused by _____.

A. a good spirit

B. a bad spirit

C. illness

D. children

5. It would be reasonable to conclude that _____.

A. many people say prayers when they sneeze

B. a prayer keeps the soul where it belongs

C. all peoples were afraid of sneezes

D. the moment of sneezing is very dangerous

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( 4 )

Brenda Linson never goes anywhere without an empty spectacles case. It is as vital to her as her purse. Yet, she doesn't wear glasses. The reason she can't do without it is that she can't read and she can't write. If ever she gets into any situation where she might be expected to do either of these things, she fishes around in her bag for the specs case, finds it's empty, and asks the person concerned to do the reading for her. Until a few months ago hardly anybody knew about her problem. Her husband didn't know and her children didn't know. The children still don't.

She had any number of tactics for hiding her difficulty-for example, never lingering near a phone at work, in case she had to answer it and might be required to write something down.

It has never occurred to the children that their mother cannot read. She doesn't read them stories, but then their father doesn't either, so they find nothing surprising in the fact. Similarly they just accept that Dad is the one who writes the sick notes and reads the school reports. Now that the elder boy Tom is quite a proficient reader, Brenda can skillfully

get him to read any notes brought home from school simply by asking, "What's that all about, then?"

Brenda's husband never guessed the truth in ten years of marriage. For one thing, he insists on handling all domestic correspondence and bills himself. A salesman for a large company, he travels a great deal and so is not around so much to spot the truth. While he's away Brenda copes with any situations by explaining that she can't do anything until she's discussed it with her husband.

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>Brenda was very successful in her job until recently. For the last five years she had worked as waitress at an expensive restaurant, and had eventually been promoted to head waitress. She kept the thing a secret there too, and got over the practical difficulties somehow.

1. Brenda carries an empty spectacles case wherever she goes because _____.

A. she is always so forgetful

B. she uses it as a purse

C. it may provide her with an excuse

D. she wishes to look like an educated woman

2. The word "fish" in the first paragraph means _____.

A. search

B. pretend

C. examine

D. touch

3. Brenda's children have never found out about her problem as _____.

A. she isn't often at home

B. they are too young to guess the truth

C. they find it normal to ask their father for everything

D. they think it natural that short-sighted people like their mother 4

don't do much reading or writing

4. What most probably made Brenda try hard to hide her difficulty?

A. Her desire to be successful in her job.

B. Her fear of losing face.

C. Her deceitful nature.

D. Both A and B

5. Of the following suggested titles, which is the most appropriate?

A. Brenda and Her Family

B. A Woman Who Doesn't Wear Glasses

C. A Woman with an Empty Specs Case

D. The Miserable Life of a Waitress

( 5 )

George's case is not unique. In the last fifteen or twenty years, quite a number of men and women have chosen to drop out of the working world to try a different kind of life. Most of them are in their thirties and

forties, often well educated, although all ages and backgrounds can be found among them. A variety of reasons have led them to give up their work and the security it provided.

Some, like George, have given up a career that was demanding too much from them. Others couldn't stand the pressure and the competition. A

thirty-five-year-old woman, who had a high position in her company, decided to leave when she found herself suffering from allergies that made her life miserable. She had two children and no savings; but even her anxiety about the future couldn't spoil her feeling of relief and her new [1][2]下一页peace of mind. Her health improved. She may never work again; if she does, she says that she will take small temporary jobs. Some people, on the contrary, have quit jobs that were boring or meaningless to them. An office employee who has been pushing papers (has been doing paperwork) for years m

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ay start wondering whether those papers are achieving anything. An engineer in a large company, aware that he could be replaced by any man with the same training, may come to feel unimportant as an individual. Such people leave their work in the hope of finding stronger interests and a sense of personal worth.

There are also people who leave their work to fulfill an old dream, such as writing books, painting, sailing to remote islands, or growing fruit trees. An army officer left the service at thirty-eight to build doll houses, and another one, who had always been interested in archaeology,（考古学） did the same at forty-five to dig ancient Indian sites. His wife was delighted-instead of keeping house, she was going to satisfy her own dream of learning to make paper.

But most of the men and women who drop out of the working world have no special interest and no desire to take up any occupation. They want

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only to enjoy their freedom, their independence, and their leisure. No more rushing to catch a morning train, no more commuter（通勤者）traffic, no more anxiety to please a boss, no more meetings, no more obligations to behave and dress according to the rules. This endless vacation does not necessarily bring happiness; many of those who have chosen it as a style of life admit that leisure, too, can become boring. But they still prefer it to their former existence(But they like it more than working for a living). The main problem remains the lack of financial security, for, with few exceptions, the "dropouts"（退出世俗社会的人）are not wealthy. And so they survive by selling their possessions, by borrowing from friends and family, and by taking an odd job(a small temporary job) now and then for a short time when it becomes absolutely necessary. Sam would never have understood their attitude. In the first place, he had never been unhappy with his occupation, and he had never felt any

conflict between his work and his personal life. Neither had he ever dreamed of doing anything but selling groceries and chatting with Fred. And there was yet another factor. Today's dropouts can always find some small job to do when they are in need of money, or perhaps they can get unemployment compensation（补偿）from the government for a while. But Sam had lived through the 1930s, when work of any type was almost impossible to find. In those days a job, no matter how unpleasant or poorly paid, was a man's most precious possession. Losing it was a disaster; not looking for another

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one, a shame. As for not wanting to work at all, it was unthinkable, for society was not used to loafers（流浪者）then. A nonworking family man would have lost the respect of his friends and his place in the community

of responsible men.

George might have tried to explain to his father the new point of view, to tell him that people have a right to be free, independent, and to watch birds all day if they want to. But he would not have convinced Sam, for whom independence and leisure were luxuries that had to be deserved through hard work. Sam himself had enjoyed a vacation once in a while, and he had been happy to rest in the sun without his tie. But that was only because, having earned his fun, he could enjoy it with a good

conscience（良心）.

It would have shocked Sam to learn that those "shameless" people who choose to live in unearned idleness （懒惰）have a good conscience too.

1. In the last fifteen or twenty years, people like George have chosen

to drop out of the working world because _____.

A. they have earned enough money to spend for the rest of their lives

B. they are not well paid at work

C. they want to live a more leisurely life

D. all of them have work that is too demanding

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2. After leaving her position the thirty-five-year-old woman felt _____.

A. relieved and peaceful, though worried about her security

B. bored, without friends and companions

C. that she needed another job

D. the pressures and burdens of life

3. According to the text, people would probably not drop out of the work

force if they _____.

A. often worry about their work

B. work without any complaints

C. find it very easy to do their jobs

D. don't mind being controlled by others

4. According to Sam, a man's value lies in _____.

A. reaching a higher position in society

B. enjoying full freedom and independence

C. working hard and having a good relationship with his community

D. earning money and sending his children to colleges and universities

5. Which of the following statements might cause Sam and George to argue?

A. To be either a shopkeeper or a geologist will give one satisfaction.

B. Happiness can be obtained only through hard work.

C. Dropouts live a happier life than anyone else.

D. Dropouts live a miserable life if they have no financial security.

GMAT考试阅读资料(七)h

Passage 44

According to a recent theory，Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelike bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is（5）contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids，that is，from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks. he recently developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during（10）the original gold rushes were exposed at the Ea rth…s surface and were found because they had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still lead to an occasional discovery，most deposits not yet discovered have gone（15）undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression.

The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include（20）analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geological overview；geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic，electrical，and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated；and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect the subtle chemical halos that often（25）envelop mineralization. However，none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized，and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most（30）likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models，which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors.

These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories35）of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled，and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible.

1. The author is primarily concerned with

（A）advocating a return to an older methodology

（B）explaining the importance of a recent theory

（C）enumerating differences between two widely used methods

（D）describing events leading to a discovery

（E）challenging the assumptions on which a theory is based

2. According to the passage，the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems is that such systems

（A）were formed from metamorphic fluids

（B）originated in molten granitelike bodies

（C）were formed from alluvial deposits

（D）generally have surface expression

（E）are not discoverable through chemical tests

3. The passage implies that which of the following steps would be the first performed by explorers who wish to maximize their chances of discovering gold？

（A）Surveying several sites known to have been formed more than two billion years ago

（B）Limiting exploration to sites known to have been formed from metamorphic fluid.

（C）Using an appropriate conceptual model to select a site for further exploration （D）Using geophysical methods to analyze rocks over a broad area

（E）Limiting exploration to sites where alluvial gold has previously been found

4. Which of the following statements about discoveries of gold deposits is supported by information in the passage？

（A）The number of gold discoveries made annually hasincreased between the time of the original gold rushesand the present.

（B）New discoveries of gold deposits are likely to be the result of exploration techniques designed to locate buried mineralization.

（C）It is unlikely that newly discovered gold deposits willever yield as much as did those deposits discoveredduring the original gold rushes.

（D）Modern explorers are divided on the question of theutility of simple prospecting methods as a source ofnew discoveries of gold deposits.

（E）Models based on the theory that gold originated from magmatic fluids have already led to new discoveries of gold deposits.

5. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is easiest to detect？

（A）A gold-quartz vein system originating in magmatic fluids

（B）A gold-quartz vein system originating in meamorphic fluids

（C）A gold deposit that is mixed with granite

（D）A gold deposit that has shed alluvial gold

（E）A gold deposit that exhibits chemical halos

6. The theory mentioned in line 1 relates to the conceptual models discussed in the passage in which of the following ways？

（A）It may furnish a valid account of ore-forming processes，and，hence，can support conceptual models that have great practical significance.

（B）It suggests that certain geological formations，long believed to be mineralized，are in fact mineralized，thus confirming current conceptual models.

（C）It suggests that there may not be enough similarity across Archean-age

gold-quartz vein systems to warrant the formulation of conceptual models.

（D）It corrects existing theories about the chemical halos of gold deposits，and thus provides a basis for correcting current conceptual models.

（E）It suggests that simple prospecting methods still have a higher success rate in the discovery of gold deposits than do more modern methods.

7. According to the passage，methods of exploring for gold that are widely used today are based on which of the following facts？

（A）Most of the Earth…s remaining gold deposits are still molten.

（B）Most of the Earth…s remaining gold deposits are exposed at the surface.

（C）Most of the Earth…s remaining gold deposits are buried and have no surface expression.

（D）Only one type of gold deposit warrants exploration，since the other types of gold deposits are found in regions difficult to reach.

（E）Only one type of gold deposit warrants exploration，since the other types of gold deposits are unlikely to yield concentrated quantities of gold.

8. It can be inferred from the passage that the efficiency of model-based gold exploration

depends on which of the following？

Ⅰ. The closeness of the match between the geological features identified by the model as critical and the actual geological features of a given area Ⅱ. The degree to which the model chosen relies on empirical observation of known mineral deposits rather than on theories of ore-forming processes Ⅲ. The degree to which the model chosen is based on an accurate description of the

events leading to mineralization

（A）Ⅰonly

（B）Ⅱonly

（C）Ⅰand Ⅱonly

（D）Ⅰand Ⅲonly

（E）Ⅰ，Ⅱand Ⅲ

GMAT考试阅读资料(七)a

Passage 37

Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. Some observers of Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipment（5）and techniques as United States firms but have bene-fited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture. However，if this were true，then one would expect Japanese auto plants in the United States to perform no better than factories （10）run by United States companies. This is not the case，Japanese-run automobile

plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of productivity when compared with facto-ries owned by United States companies.

（15）Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a historical perspective leads to a different conclusion. When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled United States productivity（20）levels in the mid-sixties，capital investment per employee was comparable to that of United States firms. Furthermore，by the late seventies，the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle was roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States.（25）Since capital investment was not higher in Japan，it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity.

A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement conventional processes more（30）effectively：they made critical changes in United States procedures. For instance，the mass-production philos-ophy of United States automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive，component-specific equipment and to（35）occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices，including the use of flexible equipment that could be（40）altered easily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs.Automakers could schedule the production of different components or models on single machines，thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra（45）components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

（A）present the major steps of a process

（B）clarify an ambiguity

（C）chronicle a dispute

（D）correct misconceptions

（E）defend an accepted approach

2. The author suggests that if the observers of Japan mentioned in line 3 were correct，which of the following would be the case？

（A）The equipment used in Japanese automobile plants would be different from the equipment used in United States plants.

（B）Japanese workers would be trained to do several different production jobs.

（C）Culture would not have an influence on the productivity levels of workers.

（D）The workers in Japanese-run plants would have higher productivity levels regardless of where they were located.

（E）The production levels of Japanese-run plants located in the United States would be equal to those of plants run by United States companies.

3. Which of the following statements concerning the productivity levels of automakers can be inferred from the passage？

（A）Prior to the 1960…s，the productivity levels of the top Japanese automakers were exceeded by those of United States automakers.

（B）The culture of a country has a large effect on the productivity levels of its automakers.

（C）During the late 1970…s and early 1980?s，productivity levels were comparable in Japan andthe United States.

（D）The greater the number of cars that are produced in a single lot，the higher a plant…s productivity level.

（E）The amount of capital investment made by automobile manufacturers in their factories determines the level of productivity.

4. According to the passage，which of the following statements is true of Japanese automobile workers？

（A）Their productivity levels did not equal those ofUnited States automobile workers until the lateseventies.

（B）Their high efficiency levels are a direct result of cultural influences.

（C）They operate component-specific machinery.

（D）They are trained to do more than one job.

（E）They produce larger lots of cars than do workers in United States factories.

5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph？

（A） A thesis is presented and supporting examples are provided.

（B）Opposing views are presented，classified，and then reconciled.

（C） A fact is stated，and an explanation is advanced and then refuted.

（D） A theory is proposed，considered，and then amended.

（E）An opinion is presented，qualified，and then reaffirmed.

6. It can be inferred from the passage that one problem associated with the production of huge lots of cars is which of the following？

（A）The need to manufacture flexible machinery and equipment

（B）The need to store extra components not required for immediate use

（C）The need for expensive training programs for workers，which emphasize the development of facility in several production jobs.

（D）The need to alter conventional mass-production processes

（E）The need to increase the investment per vehicle in order to achieve high productivity levels

7. Which of the following statements is supported by information stated in the passage？

（A）Japanese and United States automakers differ in their approach to production processes.

（B）Japanese automakers have perfected the use of single-function equipment.

（C）Japanese automakers invest more capital per employee than do United States automakers.

（D）United States-owned factories abroad have higher production levels than do Japanese owned plants in the United States.

（E）Japanese automakers have benefited from the cultural heritage of their workers.

8. With which of the following predictive statement regarding Japanese automakers would the author most likely agree？

（A）The efficiency levels of the Japanese automakers will decline if they become less flexible in their approach to production

（B）Japanese automakers productivity levels double during the late 1990…s.

（C）United States automakes will originate net production processes before Japanese automakers do.

（D）Japanese automakers will hire fewer workers than will United States automakers because each worker is required to perform several jobs.

（E）Japanese automakers will spend less on equipment repairs than will United States automakers because Japanese equipment can be easily altered.

Passage 41

It was once assumed that all living things could be divided into two fundamental and exhaustive categories. Multicellular plants and animals，as well as many unicellu-lar organisms，are eukaryotic-their large，complex cells（5）have a well-formed nucles and many organelles. On the other hand，the true bacteria are prokaryotic cell，which are simple and lack a nucleus. The distinction between eukaryotes and bacteria，initially defined in terms of subcellular structures visible with a microscope，was ulti-（10）mately carried to the molecular level. Here prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have many features in common. For instance，they translate genetic information into proteins according to the same type of genetic coding. But even where the molecular processes are the same，the details in （15）the two forms are different and characteristic of the respec-tive forms. For example，the amino acid sequences of vari-ous enzymes tend to be typically prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

The differences between the groups and the similarities within each group made it seem certain to most biologists（20）that the tree of life had only two stems. Moreover，argu-ments pointing out the extent of both structural and func-tional differences between eukaryotes and true bacteriaconvinced many biologists that the precursors of the eukaryotes must have diverged from the common（25）ancestor before the bacteria arose.

Although much of this picture has been sustained bymore recent research，it seems fundamentally wrong in onerespect. Among the bacteria，there are organisms that aresignificantly different both from the cells of eukaryotes and（30）from the true bacteria，and it now appears that there are three stems in the tree of life. New techniques for deter-mining the molecular sequence of the RNA of organismshave

produced evolutionary information about the degreeto which organisms are related，the time since they diverged（35）from a common ancestor，and the reconstruction of ances-tral versions of genes. These techniques have strongly suggested that although the true bacteria indeed form a large coherent group，certain other bacteria，the archaebac-teria，which are also prokaryotes and which resemble true （40）bacteria，represent a distinct evolutionary branch that far antedates the common ancestor of all true bacteria.

1. The passage is primarily concerned with

（A）detailing the evidence that has led most biologists to replace the trichotomous picture of living organisms with a dichotomous one

（B）outlining the factors that have contributed to the current hypothesis concerning the number of basic categories of living organisms

（C）evaluating experiments that have resulted in proof that the prokaryotes are more ancient than had been expected.

（D）summarizing the differences in structure and function found among true bacteria，archaebacteria，and eukaryotes

（E）formulating a hypothesis about the mechanisms of evolution that resulted in the ancestors of the prokaryotes

2. According to the passage，investigations of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells at the molecular level supported the conclusion that

（A）most eukaryotic organisms are unicellular

（B）complex cells have well-formed nuclei

（C）prokaryotes and cukaryotes form two fundamental categories

（D）subcellular structures are visible with a microscope

（E）prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have similar enzymes

3. According to the passage，which of the following statements about the two-category hypothesis is likely to be true？

（A）It is promising because it explains the presence of true bacteria-like organisms such as organelles in eukaryotic cells.

（B）It is promising because it explains why eukaryotic cells，unlike prokaryotic cells，tend to form multicellular organisms.

（C）It is flawed because it fails to account for the great variety among eukaryotic organisms.

（D）It is flawed because it fails to account for the similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

（E）It is flawed because it fails to recognize an important distinction among prokaryotes.

4. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following have recently been compared in order to clarify the fundamental classifications of living things？

（A）The genetic coding in true bacteria and that in other prokaryotes

（B）The organelle structures of archaebacteria，true bacteria，and

eukaryotes

（C）The cellular structures of multicellular organisms and unicellular organisms

（D）The molecular sequences in eukaryotic RNA，true bacterial RNA，and archaebacterial RNA

（E）The amino acid sequences in enzymes of various eukaryotic species and those of enzymes in archaebecterial species

5. If the “new techniques” mentioned in line 31 were applied in studi es of biological classifications other than bacteria，which of the following is most likely？

（A）Some of those classifications will have to be reevaluated.

（B）Many species of bacteria will be reclassified

（C）It will be determined that there are four main categories of living things rather than three.

（D）It will be found that true bacteria are much older than eukaryotes.

（E）It will be found that there is a common ancestor of the eukaryotes，archaebacteria，and true bacteria.

6. According to the passage，researchers working under the two-category hypothesis were correct in thinking that

（A）prokaryotes form a coherent group

（B）the common ancestor of all living things had complex properties

（C）eukaryotes are fundamentally different from true bacteria

（D）true bacteria are just as complex as eukaryotes

（E）ancestral versions of eukaryotic genes functioned differently from their modern counterparts.

7. All of the following statements are supported by the passage EXCEPT：

（A）True bacteria form a distinct evolutionary group.

（B）Archaebacteria are prokaryotes that resemble true bacteria.

（C）True bacteria and eukaryotes employ similar types of genetic coding.

（D）True bacteria and eukaryotes are distinguishable at the subcellular level.

（E）Amino acid sequences of enzymes are uniform for eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.

8. The author…s attitude toward the view that living things are divided into three categories is best described as one of

（A）tentative acceptance

（B）mild skepticism

（C）limited denial

（D）studious oriticism

（E）whole hearted endorsement

六级模拟试卷---- 阅读36

Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

Much of Canada?s forestry production goes towards making pulp and paper. According to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Canada supplies 34% of the world?s wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be preserved. Recently, a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp.

Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for . It produces fibre which can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading network would not have been feasible without hemp. Nowadays, ships? cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibres, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be revived for the production of . According to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the

large-scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canada?s forests.

However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This plant, so useful for fibre, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis, related to the plant from which marijuana is produced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ban the drug marijuana began to gather force, resulting in the eventual banning of the cultivation not only of the plant used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial fibre-producing hemp plant. In fact, marijuana cannot be produced from the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC (the active ingredient in the drug). In recent years, a movement for legalization have been gathering strength. It is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce fibre; this group wants to make it legal to cultivate the plant and sell the fibre for production.

21.Why is pulp and paper production important to Canada?

A) Canada needs to find a way to use all its spare wood.

B) Canada publishes a lot of newspapers and books.

C) Pulp and paper export is a major source of income for Canada.

D) Hemp is a traditional plant of Canada.

22.Why was the plant hemp essential to world-wide trade in the past?

A) Ships? ropes were made from it.

B) Hemp was a very profitable export.

C) Hemp was used as fuel for ships.

D) Hemp was used as food for sailors.

23.Why do agriculturalists think that hemp would be better for paper production than trees?

A) It is cheaper to grow hemp than to cut down trees.

B) More paper can be produced from the same area of land.

C) Hemp produces higher quality paper.

D) It causes less pollution of the environment.

24.Why was hemp banned?

A) It is related to the marijuana plant.

B) It can be used to produce marijuana.

C) It was no longer a useful crop.

D) It was destructive to the land.

25.“According to its proponents, fo ur times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees.” ——What does “proponents” mean?

A) People who are against something.

B) People who support something.

C) People in charge of something.

D) People who do research on something.

内容概要: 加拿大是世界上生产纸浆和纸制品的大国。为了保护森林资源，环境学家们提出可以种植麻，用麻纤维造纸。过去人们种植麻用以制造绳索、燃料、油类等，同样面积的土地上种出来的麻造成的纸是树制成纸的四倍。然而在许多国家种植麻是违法的，尽管麻植物并不能制成毒品大麻。人们正在努力使麻种植合法化。

21.【答案】C。

【译文】因为纸浆和纸制品是加拿大主要的出口收入来源，所以对加拿大来说非常重要。

【试题分析】细节推理题。

【详细解答】原文第一段第二句“According to the Canadia n Pulp and Paper Association, Canada supplies 34% of the world?s wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper”，根据加拿大纸浆和纸制品协会的数据，加拿大提供全世界34%的木浆和49%的新闻纸，由此得知加拿大的纸浆和纸制品出口量大，是加拿大重要的收入来源，所以C）为正确答案。答案A）加拿大要想法用掉多余的木材与人们希望保护森林资源的目的正好相反，答案B）加拿大出版许多报纸和书籍在原文中并未提及，答案D）麻是加拿大的传统植物与问题无关。

22.【答案】A。

【译文】过去麻在世界贸易中至关重要是因为船用绳索就是麻制成的。

【试题分析】细节考察题。

【详细解答】原文第二段第三句话“For centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships”，几个世纪以来，它对许多国家的经济来说举足轻重是因为它可以用来制造缆绳，所以答案是A）。答案B）麻是利润丰厚的出口产品、C）麻可以制成船用燃料、D）麻可以作水手的食物等在原文中未提及。

23.【答案】B。

【译文】农业学家认为麻造纸比用树木好是因为在同样面积土地上，种植麻造纸比种树造纸产量高。 【试题分析】细节考察题。

【详细解答】原文第二段最后一句话“four times as much paper can be produced from land using

hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the large-scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canada?s forests”意思是，环境学家据此认为大规模种植麻将缓解加拿大森林砍伐的压力，由此可见麻造纸的优势在于产纸量大，从而减少树木的砍伐量，保护环境。答案A）种麻比砍树便宜、答案C）麻造的纸质量更好、答案D）麻较少污染环境均与原文不符。 24.【答案】A。

【译文】禁止种植麻是因为麻跟制成大麻毒品的植物种类相近。

【试题分析】细节考察题。

【详细解答】原文第三段第二句话“This plant, so useful for fibre, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis, related to the plant from which marijuana is produced”说这种植物非常有用，可以制成纤维，绳索，油类，燃料和织物，但它是大麻属的一种植物，与制成大麻毒品的植物种类相近，所以答案A）是正确答案。原文中还说麻并不能制造大麻毒品，因此答案B）麻可以制成大麻毒品明显是错误的，C）麻不再有用也与原文不符，D）麻对土地具破坏性在原文中并未提到，相反种麻可以减少树木砍伐量，从而保护环境。

25.【答案】B。

【译文】“proponent”的意思是支持者。

【试题分析】词义推测题，根据上下文猜测词义。

【详细解答】上一句说环境学家们提议用麻代替树木造纸，下一句说根据“proponents”的看法，用麻造纸有很大的好处，所以“proponents”肯定是支持这一建议的人。

Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

I made a pledge to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a loving husband and father. Totally loving. No ifs, ands or buts.

The idea had come to me as I listened to a talk on my car radio. The speaker was quoting a Biblical（圣经的）passage about husbands their wives. Then he went on to say, “Love is an act of will. A person can choose to love.” To myself, I had to admit that I had been a selfish husband. Well, for two weeks that would change.

And it did. Right from the moment I kissed Evelyn at the door and said, “That new yellow sweater looks great on you.”

“Oh, Tom, you noticed,” she said, surprised and pleased. Maybe a little puzzled. After the lon g drive, I wanted to sit and read. Evelyn suggested a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, but then I thought, “Evelyn?s been alone here with the kids all week and now she wants to be alone with me.” We walked on the beach while the children flew their kites.

So it went. Two weeks of not calling the Wall Street firm where I am a director; a visit to the shell museum though I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, that?s how the whole vacation passed. I made a new pledge to keep on remembering to choose love.

There was one thing that went wrong with my experiment, however. Evelyn and I still laugh about it today. On the last night at our cottage, preparing for bed, Evelyn stared at me with the saddest expression.

“What?s the matter?” I asked her.

“Tom,” she said in a voice filled with distress, “ I don?t?”

“What do you mean?”

“Well…that checkup（体检）I had several weeks ago…our doctor…did he tell you something about me? Tom, you?ve been so good to me…am I dying?”

It took a moment for it all to sink in. Then I burst out laughing.

“No, honey,” I said, wrapping her in my arms. “You?re not dying; I?m just starting to live.”

26.In the first paragraph, “No ifs, ands or buts” probably means “____.”

A) Unintentionally B) Inevitably C) Impressively D) Unco nditionally

27.From the story we may infer that Tom drove to the beach cottage ____.

A) with his family B) with Evelyn

C) alone D) with his children

28.During the two weeks on the beach, Tom showed more love to his wife because ____.

A) she looked lovely in her new clothes

B) he had made a lot of money in his Wall Street firm

C) he was determined to be a good husband

D) she was seriously ill

29.The author says, “There was one thing that went wrong with my experiment.” What was the one thing that went wrong?

A) He praised her sweater, which puzzled her.

B) She insisted on visiting a museum, which he hated.

C) He knew something about her illness but didn?t tell her.

D) He was so good to her that she thought she must be dying.

30.By saying “I?m just starting to live,” Tom means that ____.

A) he is just beginning to understand the real meaning of life

B) he is just beginning to enjoy life as a loving husband

C) he lived an unhappy life before and is now starting to change

D) he is beginning to feel regret for what he did to his wife before

内容概要: 本文讲述的是一个家庭的温馨故事。丈夫在去海边度假小屋与妻儿团聚的路上听了一个关于应该珍爱妻子的广播节目，于是暗下决心在这度假的两周里就有所改变，好好爱妻子。到了度假小屋，他果然表现出色，称赞妻子的衣服，陪妻子散步。最后，他的妻子欣喜之余竟然怀疑自己是不是得了绝症，丈夫才突然这么体贴，而丈夫也决心以后就做一个充满爱心的好丈夫。

26.【答案】D。

【译文】“No ifs, ands or buts”意思是没有假如、并且和但是，即无条件地。

【试题分析】词语辨析题。

【详细解答】“if”, “and” ,“but”都是表示条件的连词，如果没有“if”, “and” ,“but”，那么就是无条件地，

所以应该选答案D）。

27.【答案】C。

【译文】从文中可以推断出Tom是一个人开车去度假小屋的。

【试题分析】判断推理题。

【详细解答】本文开头描述Tom 开车去度假小屋，第五段讲到“After the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Evelyn suggested a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, but then I thought, “Evelyn?s been alone here with the kids all week and now she wants to be alone with me.” 他开车到了以后很累，想坐下读读书，而妻子建议一起去海滩散步。这时他想：妻子一周以来都一个人在这儿陪着孩子，现在只是想单独和丈夫待会儿。由此可见，他的妻子孩子早在他之前已经先到了海边，他是后开车过来的。

28.【答案】C。

【译文】在海边度假的两周里，Tom对妻子更体贴是因为他决心做一个好丈夫。

【试题分析】细节考察题。

【详细解答】文中开头“I made a pledge to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a loving husband and father”，Tom向自己保证在度假的两周里要做一个好丈夫、好父亲，所以他对妻子非常体贴，答案C）是正确的。答案A）因为妻子穿了新衣服更漂亮，B）因为他在华尔街的公司挣了大钱，D）因为他妻子得了重病都与原文不符。

29.【答案】D。

【译文】作者说他的新尝试出了一点问题，这个问题就是他对妻子这么好，让妻子以为自己得了重病，他才这么体贴的。

【试题分析】细节考察题。

【详细解答】原文中提到“On the last night at our cottage”, 妻子问他：“Tom, you?ve been so good to me...am I dying?” 联系到上次在医院的体检，妻子不由得怀疑是不是自己快要死了丈夫才突然变得如此体贴，这就是答案D）所指出的。答案A）他称赞妻子的毛衣，让妻子很困惑，这与原文不符，实际上妻子困惑之余更多的是欣喜；答案B）妻子坚持去他不喜欢去的博物馆不成为问题，因为他愿意陪妻子去；答案C）他没告诉妻子她得了重病与原文不符，因为他妻子并未得重病。

30.【答案】B。

【译文】Tom说：“我正重新开始生活”，他的意思是开始享受做好丈夫的新生活。

【试题分析】判断推理题。

【详细解答】重新开始生活意味着改变，对Tom来说，他自认从前是个自私的丈夫，现在的改变就是做

一个充满爱心的好丈夫，所以答案B）是正确的。答案A）他开始理解生活的真正意义，这太笼统，与Tom 的具体情况不符；答案C）他以前生活不幸福，现在开始改变，原文并未说Tom 从前就不幸福；答案D）他开始为以前对妻子的所作所为感到遗憾，重新开始生活并不就是遗憾，而是改变。

Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists envision the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory （分子运动论）, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion. A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If the scientists? predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or

rejected. Scie nce involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henry Poincare said:“ Science i s built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.” Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.

In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist?s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.

31.What is NOT true about a theory?

A) A useful theory can explain past observations.

B) A useful theory helps to make predictions.

C) A theory is the truth that does not need to be tested.

D) A theory may have to be revised or rejected sometimes.

32.Science involves ____.

A) imagination and creative thinking

B) collecting information

C) performing experiments

D) all of the above

33.The key point of the quotation from Jules Henry Pincare is that ____.

A）facts are the most important things

B）building a house is like performing experiments

C）science is more than a collection of facts

D）a pile of bricks can not be called a house

34.In Paragraph 4, the author implies that imagination is most important to scientists when they ____.

A）evaluate previous work on a problem

B）formulate possible solutions to a problem

C）gather known facts

D）close an investigation

35.In Paragraph 5, the author refers to a hypothesis as “a leap into the unknown” in ord er to show that hypotheses ____.

A）go beyond available facts

B）are sometimes ill-conceived

C）can lead to dangerous results

D）require efforts to formulate

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