人教版高中英语选修6Unit 1 Art虚拟语气
虚拟语气
虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于条件状语从句、方式状语从句和名词性从句中。
一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法
1. 与现在事实相反：从句的谓语用动词的过去式，主句的谓语用would / should / could / might +动词原形。（be的过去式通常用were。）如：
If I knew her number, I could ring her up.
If Helen were here now, how nice it would be!
2. 与过去事实相反：从句的谓语用had +过去分词，主句的谓语用would / should / could / might +过去分词。如：
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn't have made such a bad mistake.
3. 与将来可能情况相反或实现可能性不大：从句的谓语可以用动词的过去式，也可用were to / should +动词原形，主句的谓语用would / should / could / might +动词原形。（be的过去式通常用were。）如：
If you lived there for a while, you would change your mind about that place.
If he were to / should be given another chance, he could certainly do a much better job.
注意：虚拟条件句谓语中有were / had / should时，可将if省略，而将were / had / should提前。如：
Were it not for their help, we would be in serious trouble.
Had we started a bit earlier, we would not have missed the train.
Should he leave for Paris today, he could get there by Friday.
二、虚拟语气在as if / as though引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中的用法
在以as if / as though引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中的谓语形式和一般虚拟语气差不多，表示现在情况时用动词的过去式，表示过去情况时用had +过去分词。（be的过去式通常用were。）如：
He behaves as if he were mad.
It seemed as if the end of the world had come.
He talked about Rome as though he had been there himself.
三、虚拟语气在wish宾语从句中的用法
在wish后的宾语从句中，虚拟语气用法如下：
1. 表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用动词的过去式。（be的过去式通常用were。）如：
I wish I had more time.
I wish I were taller.
2. 表示过去没有实现的愿望，从句的谓语用had +过去分词。如：
I wish you hadn't told me all this.
3. 表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用would / could / might +动词原形。如：
I wish you would stay a little longer.
I. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. I can’t decide what to do. What would you do if you ________ (be) in my situation?
2. It’s a difficult question. I wish I ________ (know) the answer tomorrow.
3. A: Shall we catch the 10:30 train?
B: No. If we ________ (catch) it, we would arrive too early.
4. I should have listened to you. I wish I ________ (take) your advice.
5. When we were in London last year, we didn’t have time to see all the things we wanted to see. I wish we ________ (have) more time.
II. 改写下面句子，使每组句子意思相同或相近。
1. Liz is tired all the time. She shouldn’t have gone to bed so late.
If Liz hadn’t gone to bed so late, she __________________________.
2. I don’t want them to be upset, so I’ve decided not to tell them what happened.
They __________________________ if I were to tell them what happened.
3. It’s rather late. I don’t think Ann will come to see us now.
I’d be surprised if Ann __________________________.
4. Many students leave their bikes unlocked in the college yard. This makes life easy for thieves.
If students __________________________, life wouldn’t be easy for thieves.
5. Flying to Scotland is cheaper than going by rail. As a result, people go there by plane.
If flying to Scotland __________________________ than going by rail, people wouldn’t go there by plane.
答案
I. 1. were 2. would / could / might know
3. caught / were to catch / should catch
4. had taken
5. had had II.1. wouldn’t / couldn’t / shouldn’t / mightn’t be tired all the time
2. would / could / might / should be upset
3. came to see us now
4. didn’t leave their bikes unlocked in the college yard
5. weren’t cheaper