大学英语听说教程4听力原文Unit5

Unit5

PartB

How Our Memory Works

Try to imagine a life without a memory. It would be impossible. You couldn't use a language, because you wouldn't remember the words. You couldn't understand a film, because you need to hold the first part of the story in your mind in order to understand the later parts. You wouldn't be able to recognize anyone - even members of your own family. You would live in a permanent present. You would have no past and you wouldn't be able to imagine a future.

Human beings have amazing memories. Apart from all our personal memories about our own lives, we can recall between 20,000 and 100,000 words in our own language as well as possibly thousands more in a foreign language. We have all sorts of information about different subjects such as history, science, and geography, and we have complex skills such as driving a car or playing a musical instrument. All these things and countless others depend on our memory.

How well you remember things depends on many different factors. Firstly, some people naturally have better memories than others, in just the same way as some people are taller than others, or have different color eyes. Some top chess players, for example, can remember every move of every game that they have ever seen or played.

Secondly, research shows that different things are stored in different parts of the brain. Ideas, words, and numbers are stored in the left-hand side, while the right-hand side remembers images, sounds, and smells. In most people one side of the brain is more developed than the other, and this may explain why some people can remember people's faces easily, but can't remember their names.

Thirdly, we all remember exciting, frightening, or dramatic events more easily. This is because these experiences produce chemicals such as adrenaline, which boost your memory. They say that anyone who is old enough to remember knows exactly where they were on Tuesday, September 11, 2001, when radio and TV programs around the world were interrupted with the shocking news that the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York were hit.

Fourthly, the context in which you learn something can affect how well you remember it. Tests on divers, for example, showed that when they learned things underwater, they could also remember those things best when they were underwater.

Lastly, the more often you recall a memory the more likely you are to remember it. If you don't use it, you'll lose it. A telephone number that you dial frequently will stay in your memory easily, but you will probably have to write down one that you use only now and again.

Questions:

1. What does the passage mainly tell us?

2. What can be inferred from the passage?

3. Which of the following is stated to be true?

4. Why can we remember exciting, dramatic, or frightening events better?

PartC

Additional Listenings

Techniques to Help Us Remember Better

We all have problems remembering things, but there are some techniques that you can use to help you remember.

First of all, remember the names and jobs of the people and where they come from. Here, the best thing is to imagine images of the people and the names that you want to remember. And you should try to think of funny images as they are easier to remember. For example, we have Tom the student from Australia. Well, for Tom you might imagine a tomato. Then Australia has a shape a bit like a dog. Now let's imagine it's a very clever dog and is studying. So imagine Tom's face as a tomato and he's with a dog and the dog is reading a book. So now we have a picture of Tom the student from Australia.

Now let's take the numbers. The best thing to do here is to break a large number up into smaller numbers and then think of things that the numbers remind you of, such as a birthday, a particular year, the number of a house. Or with a number like 747 you might think of a jumbo jet -- a Boeing 747.

With the directions, the best thing is to imagine yourself following the directions. Create a picture in your mind of yourself going down the street. Count the turnings 1, 2, ... Then turn left. Now imagine going past a supermarket and a cinema and so on.

When you have to remember lists of words, try to build them into a story. So with our words we might start with, 'The sun was shining, so I went for a walk. I saw a horse wearing trousers. It was kicking some bananas over a television. The bananas landed in a bag.' And so on. Again the funnier the story, the better.

Try some of these techniques and you'll be amazed at what you can remember.

Questions:

1. How many techniques are mentioned in the talk?

2. Why should we imagine a dog in order to remember that Tom is from Australia?

3. What should we do to remember a large number?

4. How can we remember the directions to a certain place?

5. How can we remember lists of words?

PartD

Improve Your Memory

To many people advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory. But is it an inescapable fact that the older you get, the less you remember? Well, as time goes by, we tend to blame age for problems that are not necessarily age-related.

When a teenager can't find her keys, she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized, but a 70-year-old blames her memory. In fact, the 70-year-old may have been misplacing things for decades -- like we all do from time to time.

In healthy people, memory doesn't deteriorate as quickly as many of us think. According to psychologists, as we age, our memory mechanism isn't broken, it's just different. The brain's processing time slows down over the years, though no one knows exactly why. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and that there's less activity in the part of the brain that decides whether to store information or not. But it's not clear that less activity is worse. A beginning athlete is winded more easily than a trained athlete. In the same way, as the brain gets more skilled at a task, it spends less energy on it.

There are steps you can take to improve your memory, though you have to work to keep your brain in shape. It's like having a good body. You can't go to the gym once a year and expect to stay in top form.

Some memory enhancement experts suggest using the AM principle. Pay attention to what

you want to remember. Then give some meaning to it. We remember things when we focus on them, whether we intend to or not. That helps explain why jingles stick in our minds. They are played on loud, flashy TV commercials. They also use rhyme and music to help us remember better.

Basic organization helps us remember the boring stuff. For example, rather than trying to recall a random list of groceries, we can divide them into categories, such as dairy, meat, and produce. For important things like keys and money, we can set up a "forget-me-not" spot where we always keep them.

We can also eat to aid our memory power. Whole grains, fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of glucose, the brain's preferred fuel. Another low-tech way to improve memory is to get adequate rest. Sleep may allow our brain time to encode memories.

Interest in friends, family and hobbies does wonders for our memory. A sense of passion or purpose helps us remember. Memory requires us to pay attention to our lives, allowing us to discover in them everything worth remembering.

Statements:

1. It is not always true that the older you get, the less you remember.

2. It can be inferred from the passage that memory problems are not really age-related.

3. As we get older, our memory mechanism is broken, and so cannot be the same as it was before.

4. Scientists have discovered that memory loss is caused by lack of activity in the part of the brain that decides what information to store.

5. You must work hard to keep your brain active, just as you work hard to keep yourself in shape.

6. In the AM principle, the letters A and M most likely refer to attention and memory respectively.

7. A right choice of food and plenty of rest help improve our memory.

8. Memory requires us to have purpose or passion in what we do.

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大学英语听说教程课件

大学英语听说教程课件 英语听说选材贴近学生生活与社会现实，都是学生喜闻乐见的内容，形式新、巧、奇，图文并茂，为学生创造了一个宽松、适宜、创新的英语学习环境。 大学英语听说教程课件 摘要：根据大学英语视听说课程的特色，设计本课程的教学方法。以这些教学方法为基础，实现"视""听""说"三位一体的教学，以此达到切实提高学生的听说能力的教学目标。 关键词：视听说课程教学方法设计三位一体教学 英语专业的视听说课程可以说是历史悠久，而大学英语的教学一直以来都集中于综合英语的教学，用于听力和口语教学的时间少之又少。近年来许多高校都尝试在大学英语教学中把综合英语课程和听说课程分开，进行分科教学。分科教学既有利于老师对所教课程深入研究、充分准备和灵活讲授，也更有利于老师因材施教，有的放矢地组织教学，充分调动学生英语学习的积极性。[1]我校每周大学英语课时为六节，进行分科教学后综合英语更改为每周五节，视听说课程教学为每周一节，也就是说两周才安排一次为时两节课即九十分钟的教学时间，一个学期除掉假期、学生实习和考试时间，真正意义上上课的时间为每学期六次即540分钟。如何在如此短的时间内，在学生基础比较薄弱的情况下（相对于英语专业的学生而言）切实提高学生的英语听说能力，这是所有视听说课教师为之头痛而亟待解决的问题。如何

设计视听说课堂教学，实现“视”“听”“说”三位一体教学，切实提高学生的英语听说能力便成为视听说课程教学的重中之重。 一、何为视听说课程 英语视听说是一门特殊的英语技能综合课程。其特殊性体现在输入手段的多样化，即“视”、“听”、“说”并举；“听说领先，重在应用”。该课程发挥和利用现代的科技手段，在教学活动中充分体现出视听课教学的现代性，把传统的听力课与口语课相脱节的教学发展成为视、听、说相结合、实用性强、视听内容丰富的综合课堂。教学目的是结合相关主题，进行主题讨论，通过收听英语对话，观看英语录像，为学生提供一个仿真的语言环境，并根据培养英语应用技能的要求，提高和加强学生以听说为主的英语综合应用能力，彻底消灭“聋子加哑巴”英语的怪现象。 二、视听说课程特色 英语视听说课程与以往的听力和口语分开教学不同，它有自己的独特之处。第一、多媒体性。英语视听说课程教学是在多媒体的辅助下进行的。多媒体环境下视听英语教学模式是以计算机多媒体环境为视听条件、以英语主题教学内容为视听教学任务、以英语语言教学情景为视听教学手段、以教师与学生互动为视听教学方法，为学生提供真切的语言环境和广泛的语言素材，使其活动、行为、思维和表述都在由多媒体所提供的特定语言环境中进行的教学。[2]二、网络性。网络的飞速发展给英语教学带来了丰富的视听说资源。教师可以借助网上的音频、视频进行视听说课程教学。教师可以选取网络上直观的视频