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高中英语语法讲解不定式

（The Infinitive）

定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。 E.g. He wants his students to read the book aloud.

A．基本形式

2不定式的意义

不定式的一般式(to do )

一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).

eg: My wish is to become a doctor

He seemed to be tired.

She stopped to have a rest.

The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.

I am going to Beijing, I have something to take to my parents, do you have something to be taken to your parents?

不定式的进行式（to be doing）

如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时, 不定式表示动作正在进行,这时候不定式就要用进行式.

eg: They are said to be building another bridge across the street.

They seemed to be talking about something important.

When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.

I’m glad to be working with you.

不定式的完成式 (to have done)

如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).

eg:He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.

He thought it a pity not to have invited us.

The assistant seemed to have been fired.

He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.

Einstein is said to have built up his theory when he was in his twenties.

不定式的完成进行式(to have been doing)

如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.

eg: They are said to have been collecting folk songs in Xinjiang.

We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.

B. 用法：

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

一、不定式做主语：

不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。===动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。

eg: To finish the building in a month is difficult.

To do such things is foolish.

To see is to believe. (对等)

To make a new dress takes her a lot of time.

注意：1)不定式作主语时,谓语用单数

2) it形式主语。当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。常用于下列结构中：

(1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…

(2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…

It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary…

(3) It is +a/an +名词+ to do...

It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do

(4)It takes(sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…

(5)It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…

*注意: probable 和 possible 均可作表语，但possible可以用不定式作真实主语，而probable 不能用不定式作真实主语。

It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(错）

It is possible for him to come to the meeting.

It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.

3）主系表结构To see is to believe.

二、不定式做表语

主语多用aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task 等抽象名词或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容, 不定式作表语常表示将来的动作或状态。

eg: My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.

What I would suggest is to start work at once.

My wish is to be a scientist.

The main thing is to keep our room clean.

注意：1不定式to let, to blame, to rent,to hire做表语,主动表被动. The house is to let.

2.有do无to，无do有to

3.be to do可构成将来时态,表“计划安排，职责意图，警告命令，约定可能性，命中注定”等; be是助动词，无词义,其主语为具体名词(人/事物); to be可用be going to或will/shall代替,此时不定式是谓语的一部分,而不是表语.

She is to return next week.

No one is to leave the building.

三动词不定式作宾语

ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语

口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）

想要学习早打算（ want learn plan）

快准备有希望（prepare hope wish expect）

同意否供选择（agree offer choose）

决定了已答应（decide be determined promise）

尽力去着手做（manage undertake）

别拒绝别假装（refuse pretend）

失败不是属于你（fail）

e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.

We hope to get there before dark.

The girl decided to do it herself.

*注意:1某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同stop go on remember forget regret try mean can’t help

be used to

2某些及物动词think,believe,consider,feel,find,make等后常用it作形式宾语

e.g Technology makes it possible to realize our dream.

四．动词不定式做定语

1．不定式作定语需要后置。

2.作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词存在着三种主要的逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语（逻辑上的主谓关系）或逻辑宾语（逻辑上的动宾关系）或同位关系

1)动宾关系: eg: I have a lot of work to do.

Give me a piece of paper to write on.

2)主谓关系:

eg:She is the best person to finish the work.

Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat.

3)修饰性关系(同位),不定式前的名词是它修饰的对象，它所修饰的词多为抽象名词。

need, time, way, right, chance, courage, reason, wish, movement.

eg: There is no need for him to come.

He has no time to read the book.

This is the right time to start.

Her wish to be a singer never came true.

注意．为动宾关系的不定式，必须是及物动词或不及物动词加介词；如果不定式所修饰的词是way 或place, 介词可省略。

eg:It is a comfortable sofa to sit on.

He has no way to go (by).

This is the best place to work (at)

五．宾语补足语

eg :He wants you to be his assistant.

I saw her cross the street.

[注1] 如果谓语动词为感官动词或使役动词，则作宾补的不定式不可带to，这些动词有see, hear, feel, watch, notice; have, make, let等。

eg :I felt my blood run cold.

What made you think like that?

但如果句子是被动语态，则to不可省略。

He was made to clean the windows as a punishment.

Someone was heard to come up the stairs.

[注2] .help后可以直接用带to或不带to的不定式作宾语。

They helped (to) carry the furniture upstairs.

六．不定式做状语

不定式做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。

1、表目的

e.g. To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best (主语一致) He came here to attend an important meeting.

He came here in order to see Charlie.

I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him

注：表示目的的不定式可以置于句首，这也是区别于其他功能的标志之一。

但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式可以是to, in order to ，但却不可以是so as to.

To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.

In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.

To get the best results, use clean water.

To be elected monitor of our class, he made full prepares to make a speech.

* 放在句末时， to do 表示目的，不可有“，”若用doing 表示伴随

e.g. He bowed to us to thank us for helping him find the way.

He worked day and night, hoping to finish the work beforehand.

注：1. 不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语 (主语一致)

e.g.:He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.

He went home to see his mother.

例外 e g: He opened the door for the children to come in.

They sent a man to mend the window.

2、表结果不定式结构表示结果常见于下列句型

1)so …as to …

Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?

2)such (…) as to …

I’m not such a fool as to believe that.

3)adj./adv. + enough to …

The boy is old enough to go to school.

4)too … to …

His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.

5)only to find , only to be told 出乎意料之外的结果

3．表原因不定式可以用于情感形容词或-ed分词后表示原因。

He was too excited to get high marks.

七．同位语

Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished?

八．独立成分

To tell you the truth, I don’t like you.

They arrived here at 11:55 a.m., to be exact.

类似的有：to be frank坦率地说，to cut a long story short 长话短说，等等

C不定式的否定式

通常是在不定式前加not，表示较强的否定意义时可用never。

eg:I told him not to touch the equipment.

You must promise never to do that again.

D动词不定式的“省略”

一、不定式省to

1. 在had better, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner...than,

cannot but, why (not)等结构后面的不定式符号to通常被省略。如:

You’d better tell her the truth. 你最好告诉她真相。

2. 动词不定式短语作介词but, except, besides的宾语,且介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时,不定式符号to通常被省略。如:

What do you like to do besides swim?

除了游泳,你还喜欢干什么?

My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.

妈妈只好等着医生的到来。

Now he had given himself no choice but to tell her. (本句中不定式符号to不可省略) 当时他毫无选择的余地,只好告诉她了。

3.两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时,后面不定式短语的不定式符号to通常被省略;如果表示对比关系,则不定式中的不定式符号to通常要保留。eg: They didn’t tell me whether to go on or to stop.(对比关系)

他们没有告诉我是继续下去还是停止。

She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back.(并列关系)

她让孩子待在那里等她回来。

4.在某些感官动词或使役动词(如 hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch,

make等)之后充当宾语补足语的不定式中,不定式符号to总是被省略,但在被动语态的句子中,不定式符号to通常要保留。如:

They made that man work all the morning.

他们让那个人干了一个早晨。

That man was made to work all the morning.

那个人被要求干了一个早晨。

5. 不定式短语作表语,不定式符号to常常要保留,但主语部分含有动词do或do的其他形式时,作表语的不定式常省略不定式符号to。如:

The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.

最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。

The only thing I can do now is (to) go on by myself.

我现在唯一能做的就是靠自己继续进行下去。

二、不定式省do留to

1.为了避免重复,在hope, wish, want, like, love, decide, plan, mean, prefer, want, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等动词及习语后面出现与上文相同的不定式时,常保留不定式符号to,而把其它部分省略。

Ms King lied to us because she had to.

－I heard that you would go to Dalian for your holiday. －I planned to, but I have some important business to deal with.

注意．在特定的上下文中,为了避免重复,如果不定式为一般式to be...或完成式to have done时,则不定式符号to和be或have常一并保留,be或have之后的部分通常要省略。如:

－Aren’t you the headmaster?

你难道不是校长吗?

－No, and I don’t want to be.

我不是,而且我也不想当。

－Hasn’t he finished writing the report?

难道他还没写完报告吗?

－No, but he ought to have.

是的,但他本来应该写完。

2.当不定式在ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force,

invite, beg等动词后面充当宾语补足语时,为了避免重复,常保留不定式符号,而把后面的动词省略。She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to.

If he doesn’t want to go there, don’t force him to.

He didn’t come, though we had invited him to.

－Did your husband give up smoking?

－No. He was advised to, but he wouldn’t listen.

E不定式的各种结构

1.不定式的复合结构for /of+ 宾格词 + 不定式

It is difficult for us to learn a second foreign language.

It is cruel of the mother to treat her son like that.

I consider it necessary for her to learn French.

The best thing is for us to make our own decision.

There is a lot of work for us to do.

He opened the door for the car to enter.

The book is too easy for them to read.

2．with/without + 宾格词 + 不定式

此结构在句中常作原因状语，宾格词是不定式的逻辑宾语。

With so much work to do, I shall not be able to watch the match with you.

Without anything to eat, he died of hunger.

3．疑问词（who, which, what， how, when, where）+ 不定式（why除外）

此结构相当于名词词组，在句中可作：

1）主语 When to visit that farm has not been decided yet.

2）宾语 We must know how to operate this machine.

3）表语 The problem now is how to collect enough money.

4)同位语 The problem what to do next is unknown.

注意：以上三种都用不定式的主动态

4.“there to be + 宾格词”结构

I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding.

5. intend, plan, hope, expect, mean, promise, want, think, wish, were (was), would like, should like + 不定式完成式，可表过去没有实现的愿望，期待和计划。

He intended to have come. = He intended to come, but he didn’t.

She wished to have bought a car. = She wished to b uy a car, but she didn’t.

I meant to have called on you, but I was too busy.

She hoped to have passed the exam. (but she didn’t)

I would like to have gone abroad. (but I didn’t)

6.…besaid/known/reported/believed/considered等+不定式

7.appoint/accept/declear/guess/imagine/consider/find/think等+ to be…

F常见的含有动词不定式的句式主要有以下几种：

一. It takes sb. some time （money）to do sth.

1.It often takes me half an hour to watch TV every evening.

2.It took me ten yuan to buy the book last week.

3. How long will it take them to finish the work?

二. It’s time to do sth. 该做某事了，

It’s time to go to school. 该上学了。

（It’s time for school.）

It’s time to get up. 该起床了。

此句可以扩展为：It’s time for sb. to do sth.

是某人做某事的时间了。

for sb. to do sth. 是动词不定式的复合结构。例：

It’s time for me to work.

到我工作的时间了。

It’s time for you to go to school.

到你们上学的时间了。

三. 主语＋be（not）+adj.+enough to do sth.

The boy is old enough to go to school.

I’m tall enough to reach the top of the tree.

*1. 此句是肯定句时，可以用主＋be＋so＋adj.＋that的句型（即so…,that…表示的结果状语从句）来替换。

The boy is so old that he can go to school.

I’m so tall that I can reach the top of the tree.

2. 此句是否定句式时，既可以用so…that…引导的结果状语从句来替换，还可以用too…to…句式替换。例：

He is not old enough to go to work.

He is so young that he can’t go to work.

He is too young to go to work.

The box is not light enough for me to carry.

The box is too heavy for me to carry.

The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.

四. sb. +be ready + to do sth. （某人乐意做某事）

He is always ready to help others.

I’m always ready to make new friends.

五. It’s +adj. + for / of sb. to do sth.

对某人来说做某事…例：

It’s dangerous for children to play football in the street.

对孩子来说在街上踢足球是很危险的。

It’s good for us to take more exercise.

对我们来说多运动是有益的。

It’s very kind of you to say so.

你这样说真是太好了。

It’s very kind of you to help me.

你真好，肯帮我。

该句式中，引导动词不定式的逻辑主语的介词用for还是of，主要取决于前面的形容词。如果形容词是描述动词不定式的行为者的性格、品质的。如：kind, good, nice, wrong, right, clever, careless, foolish等，应用of；如果形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对动词不定式的行为者的品质进行评价的，就用for. 常见这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous等。

It’s wrong of you to do it.

你做这件事是错的。

It’s hard for you to be a lawyer.

对你来说做律师很困难。

六. 主+would like / love to do sth. …喜欢（想做某事）

I’d like to go the re with you.

I’d love I like to help you study English.

此句式还可以扩展为：

would like / love sb. to do sth.

“喜欢/想让某人做某事。”

I’d like you to stay here.

I’d like them to help me.

七. had better do sth. （…最好做…）

It’s very cold outside, you’d better put on your coat.

We’d better go right now.

…had better do 的否定式为…had better not do. （在better后加not即可）例：You’d better not speak when your mouth is full of food.

八. Why don’t you +动词原形+…？（Why not＋动词原形…？）你为什么不…？

This book is a bit hard, why not read something easier?

It’s warm here, why don’t you take off your coat?

There is a seat, why not sit down?

九. Would / Will / Could you please ＋动词原形＋…？

请你…好吗？（用来请求对方为自己做某件事）

Would you please bring some water with you?

Will you please help her with her maths?

十. …prefer …to do sth. rather than do sth. …宁愿…也不愿…

I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.

She prefers to be poor rather than get money in such a way.

十一. It’s one’s turn to do sth.

该轮到谁做某事了。

one’s用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来替换。例：

It’s my turn to be on duty.

It’s Li Ping’s turn to clean the blackboard.

It’s our turn to do the cleaning.

It’s Danny’s turn to give a talk.

十二. 主语＋be＋形容词＋to do sth. …做某事如何。例：

I’m sorry to hear that.

I’m glad to see you again.

G学以致用

1.The teacher told them ________ make so much noise.

A.don’t

B.not Cwill not D.not to

2.Our master often told us _______ things for granted.

A.not to have

B.no t to take

C.didn’t take

D. not to make

3.Tell him _______ the window.

A.to shut not Bnot to shut C.to not shut D. not shut

4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.

A. not to

B. not to do

C. not do it

D. do not to

5. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking.

A. never to drive

B. to never drive

C. never driving

D. never drive

6. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.

A.to eat not

B. eating not

C. not to eat

D. not eating

7. The workers want us ________ together with them.

A. work

B. working

C. to work

D. worked

8. They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line.

A. to risk going

B. risking to go

C. for risk to go

D. risk going

9. I saw him _______ out of the room.

A. go

B. had gone

C. has gone

D. goes

10. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood.

A.grow

B.grew

C. was growing

D.to grow

11. I’ve heard him _______ about you often.

A. spoke

B. speaks

C. speak

D.to speak

12. Though he had often made his little sister _______, today he was made ______by his little sister.

A.cry；to cry

B.crying；crying

C.cry；cry

D.to cry；cry

13. He was made _________.

A. go

B. gone

C. going

D. to go

14. John was made _______ the truck for a week as a punishment.

A. to wash

B. washing

C. wash

D. to be washing

15. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.

A. learn

B. to learn

C. learned

D. learning

16. The re’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind _______ to buy.

A. what

B. which

C. how

D. where

17. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________.

A where to choose B. which to choose

C. to choose what

D. to choose which

18.“ Have you decided wh en ______?” “ Yes, tomorrow morning.”

A.to leave

B.to be leaving

C.will you leave

D. are you leaving

19. Last summer I took a course on ________.

A. how to make dresses

B. how dresses be made

C. how to be made dresses

D. how dresses to be made

20. He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.

A. whether

B. if

C. either

D. if he will

21. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.

A.not to see

B. not seeing

C. to not see

D. aving not seen

22.--The light in the office is still on. -- Oh, I forgot _______.

A. turning it off

B. turn it off

C. to turn it off

D. having turned it off

23We agreed _________ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.

A. having met

B. meeting

C. to meet

D. to have met

24. Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.

A. to be taken

B. to take

C. being taken

D. taking

25. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

A. to go

B. to have gone

C. going

D. having gone

26. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.

A. make friend with

B. make friends of

C. make friends

D. make friends with

27. Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one.

A. to do

B. doing

C. with

D.to be doing

28. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock by the side of the path.

A.to have rested

B.resting

C. to rest Drest

29. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.

Aso not as to Bso as not to Cso as to not D. not so as to

30. I need a day or two ________.

A. to think it over

B. to think over

C. of thinking

31. He was too excited _________.

A. speak

B. to speak

C. not to speak

D. speaking

32. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.

Ato invent Binventing C.to have invented Dhaving invented

33. He said he would rather not _______ it right now.

A. doing

B. to do

C. do

D. to be doing

34. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.

A. ride； ride

B. riding； ride

C. ride； to ride

D. to ride； riding

35. It’s freezing outside. You _______ put on your overcoat.

A. had better to

B. had better

C. would better

D. would better to

36. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.

A. sit

B. sit on

C. be sit

D. be sat on

37. I’m hungry. Get me something _________.

A. eat

B. to eat

C. eating

D. for eating

38--I usually go there by train. -- Why not _______ by boat for a change?

A. to try going

B. trying to go

C. to try and go

D. try going

39. She did nothing _______ at the photo.

A.except look

B.but to look

C.except to look

D. but looking

40. I asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.

A. spend

B. spare

C. save

D. share

41. They won’t let their teacher _______ in that way.

A. to be treated

B. being treated

C. treated

D. be treated

42. John, you must get your room ________ after breakfast.

A. to be cleaned

B. to clean

C. cleaning

D. cleaned

43The problem ____at tomorrow’s meeting is a very difficult one.

A.being discussed

B.discussed

C.to be discussed

D. to discuss

44.He reached the station ____only __that the train had just left.

A. tired；learned

B. tiring； learning

C. to tire； to learn

D. tired； to learn

45. --- Did that book give the information you needed?

--- Yes, but ______, we had to read it almost entirely.

A. for finding it

B. to find it

C. finding it

D. by finding it

46. I’m sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let’s borrow one from Li Ming.

A. to take

B. taking

C. to bring

D. bringing

47. She couldn’t decide which restaura nt _______.

A. to have lunch

B. to eat

C. to eat at

D. eating at

48. This problem is said _____ three times.

A. to have been talked

B. to have discussed

C. having been discussed

D. to have been talked about

49. Everybody believed the man ______ away the diamond ring.

A. be taken

B. taking

C. to take

D. to have taken

50. I prefer ____ rather than ______.

A. read； watch

B. to read； watch

C. reading； to watch

D. to read； to watch

51.______in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is really a hard nut．

A．To make high scores B．Making high scores

C．To make low goal D．Making low goal

高中英语语法讲解不定式

[参考答案]1-5 DBBAA6-10 CCAAA11-15 CADAB16-20 BBAAA 21-25 ACCAB 26-30 DACBA31-35 BCCCB 36-40 BBDAB 41-45 DDCDB 46-50 CCDDBA

解析： 1．tell sb. not to do sth告诉某人不做某事 2．take sth for granted “把某事想当然”，是一个固定词组。Eg. You shouldn’t take it for granted that everyone should help you.你不要认为每个人都理应帮助你。 4. 不定式的省略要保留到to,否则就完整地表达，如:…but his mother told him not to do so. 5. warn sb not to do sth. 此处用never替代not. 8. allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事；risk doing sth冒险做某事 9. see sb do sth看见某人做某事 12. make sb do 让某人做某事，但用于被动结构后，则要用不定式符号to连接。 16．which 用于有范围中的“哪一个”，此处作buy的宾语。 18．when +to do 做decide的宾语，若用when引导宾语从句，用陈述句语序。 21. pretend to do 假装做某事。 22．forget to do sth忘记（要）做某事。 24．should love to be taken to …愿意被带去…… 25．因为状语是last night，用不定式的完成式表示本想……

27. go on to do sth. 继续做（与原来不相同的）事。此句可以从the other exercise 断定。 28．stop to do sth. 停下来（去）做…… 32．被动语态后用不定式连接，根据句意用完成式。 33. would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做某事。 34. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做……不愿做…… 37．to eat 此处作something 的定语。for+doing多表用途。38. why not do sth…“为什么不……” ；try doing sth试一试 39．Do nothing but do sth, 此处用except替代but 40. spare sb. sth匀出、腾出……，宾语为sb.； share分享，宾语为sth41. let sb do, 此处用的是被动语态

42． get sth. done让某事被做 44．tired此处是过去分词，表示主语的状态。only to learn…此处的不定式表结果。 45．此处的to find it, 表示目的 47. to eat at the restaurant, 介词at不能丢

48. 此处使用的是不定式的完成被动式。表示“曾经被讨论过三次”。

高中英语讲解不定式语法

高中英语语法讲解不定式（The Infinitive）定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。 E.g. He want his students to read the book aloud. A． 1不定式的构成（以动词do为例） 2 不定式的意义不定式的一般式(to do ) 一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后My wish is to become a doctor He seemed to be tired. She stopped to have a rest. 不定式的被动式 (to be done) 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. I am going to Beijing, I have something to take to my parents, do you have something to be taken to your parents? 如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时, 不定式表示动作正在进行,这时候不定式就要用进行式.（to be doing） They are said to be building another bridge across the street. They seemed to be talking about something important. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. I’m glad to be working with you. 如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式 (to have done) ；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done). He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He thought it a pity not to have invited us. The assistant seemed to have been fired. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. Einstein is said to have built up his theory when he was in his twenties. 如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. They are said to have been collecting folk song in Xinjiang. We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.

高一英语动词不定式用法总结及相关练习

不定式在句子中可以作主语.宾语.宾补.表语.定语和状语： 1.不定式作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy. 学外语不容易。 Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? (it 为形式主语) 有必要在国庆节之前完成这个设计吗？如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加for引起的短语,即for +名词/代词宾格+不定式。 It is good for us to take part in physical labour 参加体力劳动对我们有益某些表示人的品行的形容词(如kind, good, nice, wrong, careless, wise, foolish, polite, clever, right, unwise, stupid, thoughtful, rude, silly, impolite等)作表语时不定式前常可用of引起的短语,既be+形容词+of+ 名词/代词的宾格+不定式. It is stupid of her to make such a mistake. 她真蠢,犯这样的错误 2. 不定式作宾语 I forgot to turn the oven on. 我忘记打开炉子。有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。 afford aim agree arrange ask decide promise care choose demand desire determine expect hate hope fail help learn long mean manage offer plan pretend refuse intend bother tend 3.不定式作宾语补足语不定式可以和名称或代词构成复合结构,作动词的宾语,不定式作宾语补足语We advised him to have a good rest 常带不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, force, advise,get,beg,allow,help,want,wish,like,order,expect,prefer,encourage,hate,warn,per mit等.但在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at 等动词后的复合宾语中,不定式不带to. 在help后不定式可以带to,也可以不带to The boss made the workers work day and night.老板迫使工人们日夜干活 Will you help me (to) plant this tree, please? 请您帮我种这棵树好吗？ 4. 不定式作定语 He has a lot of questions to ask. 他有许多问题要问。不定式作定语时,须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后.不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系.如果这个不定式是不及物的,它后面应有必要的介词 I use a pen to write with. 5. 不定式作表语 Disney’s greatest wish was to be a famous artist. 迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成为一个著名的艺术家。 6.不定式作状语不定式作状语可以修饰动词,表示目的,结果,或原因 To catch the first bus, I have to get up early. (目的) She went aboard never to return. (结果) I was surprised to see him there.(原因)

高考英语语法专项突破训练专题16-倒装句和省略句

专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析一、倒装句倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：

2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：

① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。二、省略句高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。省略句用法一览表：

高中英语语法倒装句讲解及练习(附答案)

高中英语倒装句倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装 1全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1）here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。 2). up，down，out，away，in , off, ahead放于句首Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse. Ahead sat an old woman. 3）表示地点，时间，方向等的介词短语放在句首时例如：After the head walked a group of workers. 4.“作表语的现在分词/过去分词/形容词+系动词+主语”形式的完全倒装 Seated in the front were the guests. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。 2部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, scarely, in no way, under no circumstance, at no time决不, not until…等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1）---Why can\'t I smoke here? ----At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit 2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn\'t man know D. did man know 2.Not only…but also前面倒装，后面不倒装 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 3．Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than等，要倒装。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 4so, neither, nor作部分倒装 so/neither/nor+be/can(should/will/could…..)/do(did/does)+sb表示\"也\"、\"也不\" 的句子要部分倒装。例如：典型例题---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don\'t know, _____. A. nor don\'t I care B. nor do I care C. I don\'t care neither D. I don\'t care also 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\"的确如此\"。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It\'s raining hard.---So it is. 5 only在句首后接状语用总分倒装。例如： Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。

高中英语动词不定式用法大全

高中英语动词不定式用法大全(名师总结必考语法知识点，值得下载) 英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To say is to believe.眼见为实。动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to pla nt trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介

词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。）动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。三. 作宾语动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一

高中英语语法-倒装句

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(完整版)高中英语语法动词不定式和动名词做宾语

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