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同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲

同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲
同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲

同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试大纲

本考试对教材不作统一规定,凡符合下列评价目标的课程及教材都适合考生应考复习。

一、评价目标

考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能:

(一)语言知识

1.语法知识

考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求,其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习,以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2.词汇

考生应能掌握8000-10000左右的词汇以及相关词组。

(二)语言技能

1.阅读

考生应能读懂不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%),包括信函、书报杂志上的文章等。根据所读材料,考生应能:

1)理解主旨要义;

2)理解文中的具体信息;

3)理解文中的概念性含义;

4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;

5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;

6)理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系;

7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;

8)区分论点和论据。

2. 翻译(英译中)

考生应能将所给的文字材料译成汉语,理解正确,译文达意。

3. 写作

考生应能正确使用4-5千英语词汇,熟练掌握相关英语习惯用法;应能写不同类型的应用文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等,还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。短文写作时,考生应能:

1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确,用词恰当;

2)遵循文章的特定文体格式,做到行文流畅,词汇丰富,句式变化;

3)合理组织文章结构,使其中心突出,内容统一、上下文连贯;

4)根据写作目的和特定读者,恰当选用语言。

二、考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构

(一)考试形式

考试形式为笔试。笔试考试时间为180分钟。满分为100分。

(二) 笔试考试内容与试卷结构

笔试试题分四部分,包括词汇, 阅读理解, 翻译(英译中)和写作。

第一部分词汇

该部分共20小题,每小题0.5分,共10分。

主要测试考生的词汇量。要求考生根据所给的题目,从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳答案,或填空。

第二部分阅读理解

该部分共25小题,每小题2分,共50分。主要考查考生理解具体信息、掌握文章大意、猜测生词词义并进行推断等能力。要求考生根据所提供的五--六篇文章的内容,从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。

第三部分翻译(英译中)

该部分考查考生的理解和翻译(英译中)能力。要求考生把所提供的一或两篇短文译成中文. 共20分。

第四部分写作

该部分考查考生的书面表达能力。共1题,20分。

本部分要求考生掌握、应用一定的英语写作技巧,能即兴写作各种所学体裁的短文;提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。要求完成250-300个词以上的英文短文。

同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试样题

I Vocabulary (10%)

For each of the following sentences there are four choices. Choose the best one to complete the sentence.

1. The directions were so ____ that it was impossible to complete the assignment.

A) ingenious B) ambitious C) notorious D) ambiguous

2. Our ________ host always enjoys having friends to share his Lucullan suppers.

A) cursive B)martial C) fractious D) convivial

3. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children ____a violent act previously seen on television.

A) modifying B) stimulating C) accelerating D) duplicating

4. This kind of material can _____heat and moisture.

A) delete B) compel C) repel D) constrain

5. The damage to his car was ____; therefore, he could repair it himself.

A) considerable B) appreciable C) negligible D) invisible

6. The ____of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.

A) implementation B) expedition C) demonstration D) manifestation

7. One of the responsibilities of the Coast guard is to make sure that all ships _______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.

A) cautiously B) dutifully C) faithfully D) skillfully

8. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be _______ the welfare of his animals.

A) critical about B) indignant at C) indifferent to D) subject to

9. The chairman of the board _______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.

A) compelled B) posed C) pressed D) tempted

10. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _______ and lack of unity in style.

A) conflict B) confrontation C) disturbance D) disharmony

11. Corrupt politicians who condone the activities of the gamblers are equally _______.

A) cryptic B)esoteric C)culpable D)occult

12. I don’t know the details for I just gave your manusc ript only a(n) _______ glance.

A) cursory B)cumbrous C)onerous D)obscure

13.the Red Cross society helped _________ families to survive the war in the Persian Gulf.

A) demure B)destitute C)assiduous D)sedate

14. the man felt ________ when the girl turned down his proposal of marriage.

A) despondent B) fabulous C)dilapidated D)fortuitous

15. the boy gave a ______ look at his classmate’s test paper when the teacher turned.

A) frivolous B)furtive C)frenetic D)frigid

16. Rubber boots are ___________ to water.

A) imperious B)impetuous C)impervious D)impeccable

17. Missiles were mounted at various points to _______ the enemy aircrafts.

A) integrate B)jeopardize C)intercept D)interrogate

18. Being careless, she had her arm _____ by the barbed wire.

A) lacerated B)lamented C)juggled D)bemoaned

19. The wrestler’s _______ maneuvers made it difficult for his opponent to obtain a hold.

A) hermetic B)protean C)titanic D)procrustean

20. Psychoanalysis can help a patient recall long-forgotten experiences lost in the ______ recess of his mind.

A) labyrinthine B)chimerical C)iridescent D)mercurial

II Reading Comprehension (50%)

Passage 1

There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accomplished by an equivalent surge in industrial research. A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual invent-ors working alone, independent of organized industrial research. While industrial laboratories contributed such important products as nylon and transistors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, the jet engine, the helicopterminsulin, and streptomycin. Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television, silicons, and plexiglass were developed through the combined efforts of individuals and laboratory teams.

Despite these findings, we are urged to support monopoly power on the grounds that such power creates an environment supportive of innovation. We are told that the independent inventor, along with the small firm, cannot afford to undertake the important research needed to improve our standard of living while protecting our diminishing resources; that only the prodigious assets of the giant corporation or conglomerate can afford the kind of expenditures that can produce the technological advances vital to economic progress. But when we examine expenditures for research, we find that of the more tha n $ 35 billion spent each year in this country, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government. More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into military research and product development, accounting for the enormous increase in spending in such industries as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, and electronics. There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, alternately, do much to protect our diminishing resources. Recent history has demonstrated that we may have to alter our longstanding conception of the process actuated by competition. The price variable, once perceived as the dominant aspect of the competitive process is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new business structure,

and the new technology. While it can be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by a single corporation, investment in innovation--a risky and expensive budget item--might meet resistance from management and stockholders who might be more concerned with cost-cutting, efficient organization, and large advertising budgets, it would be an egregious error to assume that the monopolistic producer should be equated with bountiful expenditures for research. Large-scale enterprises tend to operate more comfortably in stable and secure circumstances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to promote the status quo and resist the threat implicit in change. Furthermore, the firm with a small share of the market will aggressively pursue new techniques and different products, since with little vested interest in capital equipment or plant it is not deterred from in-vestment in innovation. In some cases, where inter-industry competition is reduced or even entirely eliminated, the industrial giants may seek to avoid capital loss resulting from obsolescence by deliberately obstructing technological progress.

The conglomerates are not, however, completely exempt from strong competitive pressures; there are instances in which they, too, must compete, as against another industrial Goliath, and then their weapons may include large expenditures for innovation.

16. According to the passage, important inventions of the twentieth century

________.

A. are not necessarily produced as a result of governmental support for military weapons research and development.

B. came primarily from the huge laboratories of monopoly industries.

C. were produced at least as frequently by independent inve ntors as by research teams.

D. have greater impact on smaller firms than on conglomerates.

17. It is the author"s belief, as expressed or implied in the passage,

that________.

A. monopoly power creates an environment supportive of innovation.

B. governmental protection for military research will do much to protect our dwindling resources.

C. industrial giants, with their managerial bureaucracies, respond more quickly to technological change.

D. firms with a small share of the market will aggressively pursue innovations because they are not locked into old capital equipment.

18. Management and stockholders might be deeply concerned with cost cutting rather than innovation if _______.

A. their company is faced with strong competition in a field not dominated b y one of the industrial giants.

B. they are very stable and secure and hold a monopoly position in their industry.

C. they are part of the military-industrial complex and are the recipients of federal funds for product development.

D. they have produced some of the important inventions of this century.

19. Which of the following statements is neither expressed nor implied in the passage?

A. Important inventions have been produced, in he past, by individuals as well as by corporate teams.

B. The federal government"s research funds are funneled into pure research as well as military research.

C. The development of the automatic transmission is not credited to organized industrial research.

D. Industrial giants may deliberately suppress innovations to avoid capital loss resulting from obsolescence.

20. The author"s purpose in this passage is to____.

A. advocate an increase in governmental support of organized industrial research.

B. point out a common misconception about the relationship between the extent of industrial research and the growth of monopolistic power in industry.

C. describe the inadequacies of small firms in dealing with the important matter of research and innovation.

D. show that America"s strength depends upon individual ingenuity and resourcefulness.

III Translation from English into Chinese (20%)

Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the verge of despair.

I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy---ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what at last I have found.

With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.

Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward reward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberated in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a haled burden to their sons, and the whole world of

loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.

This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and I would gladly live it

again if the chance were offered to me.

IV Write a composition of 250—300 words on“A Solution to the Present

Housing Problem”(20%)

报考2011年攻读博士学位研究生程序

报名程序:

⒈网上报名、交纳报名考试费250元。网上报名时间:2010年11月15日至12月15日,登陆同济大学研究生招生网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8018867986.html,填写报名信息,确认后打印“同济大学2011年攻读博士学位研究生报名登记表”(2份,1份寄随报名材料提交给研招办,1份随复试材料提交给院、系、所)、下载专家推荐书,交纳报名考试费250元。

⒉寄(送)报名材料。将1份贴有本人近期证件照的“同济大学2011年攻读博士学位研究生报名登记表”、有效身份证件(含居民身份证、军人证件、港澳台身份证和华侨身份证)复印件、硕士学历和学位证书复印件(应届硕士毕业生提供学生证复印件;同等学力考生提供报名条件中所要求材料的复印件;在境外获得硕士学位的考生提供教育部留学服务中心出具的认证书复印件)于2010年12月15日前(以当地邮戳为准)寄(送)到同济大学研究生招生办公室(联系地址:上海市四平路1239号同济大学瑞安楼,邮政编码:200092)。

⒊资格审查。研究生招生办公室在收到报名材料后根据报名条件对考生进行资格审查,考生可于2011年1月底在网上查询审查结果。

⒋资格复审。通过资格审查的考生在2011年3月10日—11日(8:30—16:30)期间,凭网上报名编号、有效身份证件(含居民身份证、军人证件、港澳台身份证和华侨身份证)、硕士学历和学位证书原件(应届硕士毕业生凭学生证原件;同等学力考生提供报名条件中所要求材料的原件;在境外获得硕士学位的考生提供教育部留学服务中心出具的认证书)到同济大学研究生院招生办公室进行资格复审,并拍摄数码照片,领取准考证。

注:

1.请务必于2010年12月15日以前寄出(以邮戳为准)或送达,过期不再接收!

2.考生确认报名后再在网上报名系统中交纳报名考试费。

工作时间安排:

1.填写报名表: 2010年11月15日到12月15日。

2.修改报名信息:2010年11月15日到12月15日。

3.资格复审:2011年3月10日、11日(具体时间、办法请参考招生简章)。

4.考试时间:2011年3月12日、13日。确切时间以准考证为准。

5.复试时间:另定,请于考试前后留意网上通知。

有关招生工作的进程或变更会及时在网上通知公布,报名材料和报名费是否寄达也请在网上查询,复试时间的确定也请考生注意网上通知。

报名程序:

⒈网上报名、交纳报名考试费250元。网上报名时间:2010年11月15日至12月15日,登陆同济大学研究生招生网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8018867986.html,填写报名信息,确认后打印“同济大学2011年攻

读博士学位研究生报名登记表”(2份,1份寄随报名材料提交给研招办,1份随复试材料提交给院、系、所)、下载专家推荐书,交纳报名考试费250元。

⒉寄(送)报名材料。将1份贴有本人近期证件照的“同济大学2011年攻读博士学位研究生报名登记表”、有效身份证件(含居民身份证、军人证件、港澳台身份证和华侨身份证)复印件、硕士学历和学位证书复印件(应届硕士毕业生提供学生证复印件;同等学力考生提供报名条件中所要求材料的复印件;在境外获得硕士学位的考生提供教育部留学服务中心出具的认证书复印件)于2010年12月15日前(以当地邮戳为准)寄(送)到同济大学研究生招生办公室(联系地址:上海市四平路1239号同济大学瑞安楼,邮政编码:200092)。

⒊资格审查。研究生招生办公室在收到报名材料后根据报名条件对考生进行资格审查,考生可于2011年1月底在网上查询审查结果。

⒋资格复审。通过资格审查的考生在2011年3月10日—11日(8:30—16:30)期间,凭网上报名编号、有效身份证件(含居民身份证、军人证件、港澳台身份证和华侨身份证)、硕士学历和学位证书原件(应届硕士毕业生凭学生证原件;同等学力考生提供报名条件中所要求材料的原件;在境外获得硕士学位的考生提供教育部留学服务中心出具的认证书)到同济大学研究生院招生办公室进行资格复审,并拍摄数码照片,领取准考证。

注:

1.请务必于2010年12月15日以前寄出(以邮戳为准)或送达,过期不再接收!

2.考生确认报名后再在网上报名系统中交纳报名考试费。

工作时间安排:

1.填写报名表: 2010年11月15日到12月15日。

2.修改报名信息:2010年11月15日到12月15日。

3.资格复审:2011

同济考博辅导班:2019同济大学环境科学与工程院考博难度解析及经验分享

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