中考英语专项复习专题【动词时代】(附例题以及答案)

中考英语专项复习专题【动词时代】（附例题以及答案）

本章节内容

1.动词的基本形式

2. 时态的基本框架

3.时态判定

4.名词在句子中运用

1动词的五种基本形式

动词主要用来表示动作、状态和性质,而动作和状态的发生有具体的时间和表现方式,这就是英语中动词的时态。英语中动词的时态由动词的不同形式来表示。

英语动词的五种基本形式为:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。如:work—works—working—worked—worked。

1.动词的五种基本形式变化表

2时态的基本框架

常见六种时态的构成及用法

（1）一般现在时

用法：①现在经常性的状态或动作；②客观事实和真理。

构成：①be+表语；②实义动词作谓语

标志词：often, sometimes, usually, always, never，twice a month, every day/week/month/year(every系列)

例句：He usually gets to school early.他通常很早到校。

The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。

练一练

1.认识从实践开始Knowledge practice.

2.如果明天下雨,我们就不去公园了。If it tomorrow,we to the park.

【答案】1. begins with.2.rains,won’t go

（2）一般过去时

用法：表示过去的动作或状态。

构成：①was/were+表语；②实义动词作谓语

标志词：a moment ago，just now,ago, yesterday, last night/week/month(last系列)

例句：We went to Yunnan last Monday.上周一我们去了云南。

1.She (not visit)her aunt last weekend.

2.My friend,Lucy, (study)for the math test and (practice)English last night. 【答案】1.didn’t visit 2.studied practiced

（3）一般将来时

用法：表示将来的动作或状态。

构成：①will/shall+动词原形；

②am/is/are going to+动词原形

标志词：tonight, tomorrow, from now on, soon, in the future, next year(next系列)

例句：The twins will go to the cinema with their parents tonight. 这对双胞胎今晚将和他们的父母一起去看电影。

注意：在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

练一练

1.Mary’s birthday is on next Monday.Her mother (give)her a present.

2.It is very cold these days.It (snow)soon.

【答案】1.will give 2.is going to snow

（4）现在进行时

用法：①此刻动作：表示目前正在发生的动作。②现阶段动作：表示目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。

构成：am/is/are+动词的现在分词

标志词：am/is/are+动词的现在分词；now, at present, at the moment, these days, look, listen 例句：Look! What are the children doing over there?

看，孩子们在那边做什么呢？

注意：表示位置移动或状态转移的动词(come ,go, leave, arrive)等少数动词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作。

练一练

1.—Where is your father?

—He (fish)by the lake.

2.It’s 8 o’clock.The children (do)morning exercises.

【答案】1.is fishing 2.are doing

（5）过去进行时

用法：过去某时正在进行的动作。

构成：was/were+动词的现在分词

标志词：at that time, this time yesterday, at 1:00 last night,at that moment, then, when表示过去时间的状语从句

例句：I was reading when he came in.当他进来的时候，我正在读书。

注意：在复合句中，如果两个动作同时发生，那么延续性动词用过去进行时；短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when或while引导的时间状语从句中出现。

—What were you doing at nine last night?

—昨天晚上九点你正在干什么?

练一练

1.当我进来时,他正在读书。

2.你写信的时候,我在看书

【答案】1.He was reading when I came in.

2.While you were writing letters,I was reading a book.

（6）现在完成时

用法：①到现在为止已经完成的动作,对现在还有影响。②从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。

构成：have/has+动词的过去分词

标志词：yet, still, just, so far, before, recently, once, already, lately, ever, never, since 1996, in Kunming，last/past, for ten years (for系列)

例句：He has only been to Kunming once.他只去过昆明一次。

I have been in the Youth Volunteers for five years.我来到青年志愿者队已经五年了。

注意： since后面的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；短暂性动词不与一段时间连用。如果要与一段时间连用必须换成延续性动词。

提示：have been to, have gone to和have been in的区别

have been to 曾经去过某地（现在已经回来了），常与just, ever, never等副词连用。

have gone to 去了某地（现在还没有回来），表示说话时某人已不在现场，可能在去的途中，也可能已经到达目的地。

have been in 已经在某地，表示状态，后面常接表示“时间段”的状语。

练一练

1.你已经看过这部电影了吗?

2.我已经买这本词典三年了。

【答案】1.Have you seen this film yet?

2.I have had this dictionary for 3 years.

3时态的判定

初中阶段需掌握六种基本时态。学生可根据以下5点来判断不同时态的选用。

（1）巧用提示辨时态

遇到时态题时，首先要寻找时间标志词，如果题干中有时间标志词，可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态。需要注意的是，个别时间状语可用于不同的时态中，考生需具体情况具体对待。

如：--I ___ a high school student this September.

--I can’t wait!

A. am

B. was

C. have been

D. will be

方法点拨第1步：分析语境：今年九月我就会是一名高中生了。我等不及了! 第2步：分析选项，A 项：一般现在时；B项：一般过去时；C项：现在完成时；D项：一般将来时。第3步：根据时间状语this September以及句子描述可知选D。

（2）细心体会辨语境

在有些情况下，动词的时态是由上下文语境来决定的，这就要求我们既要理解上下文的语境，也要掌握各种时态的灵活运用。

如果一个英语句子中既没有出现时间状语，也没有可供判断时态的上下文，那么就

应当把这个句子翻译成中文，利用我们的母语知识来判断这个句子该用何种时态。

如：—Where is Miss Li?

—She ___ the laboratory.

A. is going to

B. has gone to

C. went to

D. goes to

方法点拨第1步：分析语境“李老师在哪里？” “她去实验室了。”第2步：分析选项，A项：一般将来时；B项：现在完成时；C项：一般过去时；D项：一般现在时。第3步：结合语境可知这里指“李老师去图书馆的动作发生在过去，在双方说话时她还没回来”，应用现在完成时，故选B。

（3）主从时态须呼应

主从复合句中谓语动词时态的一致主要有以下几种情况：

①“主将从现”原则。如果主句是一般将来时,从句是由 when, after, before, notuntil, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句以及由 if, unless 引导的条件状语从句时，谓语动词应用一般现在时表示将来时。如：He is going to be a scientist when he ____up.

A. grows

B. grew

C. will grow

D. has grown

方法点拨when引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时。故选A。

②在主从复合句中，如果主句和从句的谓语动词表示的两个动作都发生在过去，而且有明显的先后顺序，那么，延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when和while引导的时间状语从句中出现。

如： The children ___ a picnic in the park when it suddenly began to rain.

A. have

B. are having

C. had

D. were having

方法点拨找出题目中的关键词“when”。when引导的时间状语从句的时态为一般过去时，且“began”为短暂性动词，主句表示延续性的动作，谓语动词应用过去进行时。故选D。

③在含有“since从句”的主从复合句中，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。另外，在“It’s+一段时间+since+从句”句式中，since 后面的从句常用一般过去时。

如：—Long time no see!

—Oh! It ___ five years since we met last time.

A. was

B. were

C. has been

D. have been

方法点拨句意为“好久不见！”“哦！自从我们上次见面以来已经五年了。”since是现在完成时态的标志词，因此主句应用现在完成时态。主语It是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用has。故选C。

④当主句谓语动词的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面跟的宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，可根据具体情况，选用各种合适的时态。

如：I don’t know if he ___ to play basketball with us.

A. comes

B. came

C. will come

D. has come

方法点拨句意为：我不知道他是否会来和我们一起打篮球。if作为“是否”讲，宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，因为事情还没有发生，应用一般将来时。故选C。

⑤“时态一致”原则。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词需用相应的某种过去时态。

如：I didn’t understand ___, so I raised my hand to ask.

A. what my teacher says

B. what does my teacher say

C. what my teacher said

D. what did my teacher say

方法点拨第1步：分析选项可知本题考查宾语从句的语序及时态。宾语从句需用陈述句语序,排除B和D项。第2步：根据“时态一致”原则,即主句的谓语动词为过去时态，从句的谓语动词需用相应的某种过去时态。故选C。

（4）上下一致定时态

在这种情况下，动词的时态是由上下文已有的时态信息来确定，这就要求我们准确判断上下文所表达的时态信息，确定恰当的时态。

如：—I can’t find David. Where is he?

—He ___ for tomorrow’s competiti on at home.

A. prepares

B. prepared

C. is preparing

D. has prepared

方法点拨第1步：分析语境：“我找不到大卫。他在哪儿？”“他正在家里为明天的比赛做准备。”第2步：问句为一般现在时，可知答语表示他此刻正在为明天的比赛做准备，应用现在进行时，故选C。

（5）瞻前顾后巧搭配

在英语中，不少句型与一些动词在时态的运用方面都存在着特定的对应关系。

①在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句中用will表示一般将来时。

如：Hurry up, or you ____ the early bus.

A. miss

B. missed

C. will miss

D. have missed

方法点拨分析句子结构可知这是“祈使句+or +陈述句”句型，陈述句的谓语要用“will+动词原形”，故选C。

②在This/That/It is the first time that

句型中用现在完成时。若is改为was，就用过去完成时，有时以上结构中的 first 也可换成 second， third， fourth 等，其中的time也可换成其他名词。

如：This is the first time that I ___ a baseball game.

A. am watching

B. was watching

C. have watched

D. will watch

方法点拨分析句子结构可知此处考查This is the first time…句型，后面所加从句应用现在完成时。故选C。

中考试练

1.Maria _______ exercise in the morning. She prefers doing it in the evening.(not do)

【答案】doesn’t do

【解析】句意：玛丽亚早上锻炼。她更喜欢在晚上锻炼。横线处需要填写动词的适当形式作谓语。分析句子结构可知，此句为一般现在时，谓语动词否定需借助助动词do/does,主语Maria表示一个人，用助动词does, does not= doesn't。故填doesn’t do。

2. —What do you think of your hometown, Kate?

—It ___ a lot. It’s more beautiful than before.

A. has changed

B. changes

C. will change

D. change

【答案】A

【解析】考查现在完成时的用法。句意“你认为你的家乡怎么样，凯特?”“____很大。它比以前更美了。”变化很大是相对于之前，对现在造成影响，故用现在完成时，且由“It”可知主语为单数应用has。故选A。

3. —Did you do anything interesting last Sunday?

—Not really. I just ___ at home.

A. stay

B. stayed

C. will stay

D. am staying

【答案】B

【解析】考查现在完成时。【解析】考查一般过去时的用法。句意“你上个星期天做了什么有趣的事情吗？”“没有什么有趣的。我只____在家里。此处是在描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时。故选B。

4. —Do you know when Nick left?

—He ___ for half an hour.

A. will leave

B. left

C. has left

D. has been away

【答案】D

【解析】考查现在完成时的用法。句意“你知道尼克什么时候走的吗？”“他____半个小时了。”由句意可知尼克已经离开半个小时了，动作由过去延续到现在，用现在完成时。for half an hour表示一段时间，leave是一个瞬间动词，不能表示延续，后不接时间段，故排除C。be away离开，延续性动词，后可接时间段。故选D。

5.—Can John play

soccer with us, Mrs. Black?

—One moment, please. He ___ on the phone to his cousin.

A. talks

B. talked

C. talking

D. is talking

【答案】D

【解析】考查现在进行时。句意“约翰能和我们一起踢足球吗，布莱克夫人？” “请等一下。他____给他的表弟打电话。”根据语境可知约翰此时正在打电话，故应使用现在进行时。现在进行时的构成是“be+doing”。故选D。

6.Look! A dog ___ a blind man across the road.

A. leads

B. lead

C. is leading

D. led

【答案】C

【解析】考查现在进行时。句意：看！一条狗____一位盲人过马路。根据“Look!”可知，这里谈论的是正在发生的事情，应该使用现在进行时。故选C。

7.—Is your bike new?

—No, it’s an old one. I ___ it for three years.

A. has bought

B. have bought

C. have had

D. has had

【答案】C

【解析】考查现在完成时。句意“你的自行车是新的吗？”“不，它是旧的。我已经买了三年了。”根据主语是“I”可排除A、D。再根据后文的“for three years”可知此处应填延续性动词，buy为非延续性动词，应排除。故选C。

8.—Summer holiday is coming. What are you going to do?

—I’m not sure. Maybe I ___ to the beach.

A. go

B. went

C. will go

D. have gone

【答案】C

【解析】考查一般将来时。句意为“暑假要到了。你打算做什么？”“我不确定。或许我____海滩。”根据问句“What are you going to do?”可知是问将来的打算，所以答语应该用一般将来时，四个选项中，只有C项表将来。故选C。

9.—Long time no see!

—Oh! It ___ five years since we met last time.

A. was

B. were

C. has been

D. have been

【答案】C

【解析】考查现在完成时。句意“好久不见！”“噢！自从我们上次见面五年____了。”since是现在完成时的标志，并且it作主语，谓语动词用单三形式。故选C。

11.We ___ when the terrorists killed the people in Kunming on the night of March 1st, 2014.

A. were watching TV

B. are watching TV

C. watched TV

D. watch TV

【答案】A

【解析】考查过去进行时。句意:2014年3月1日夜晚,当昆明发生恐怖分子杀人事件时,我们____。根据句意可知此处表示“(当时)正在看电视”,应为were watching TV。故选A。

12.—___ you ___ what club you want to join?

—Not yet.

A. Do; decide

B. Have; decided

C. Are; deciding

D. Can; decide

【答案】B

【解析】考查现在完成时。句意“你____你想加入什么俱乐部了吗？”“还没有。” 根据答句“Not yet 还没有”可知问句用现在完成时。故选B。

13. —Where is Jack？

—On the playground. He ___ football with his classmates.

A. play

B. played

C. is playing

D. was playing

【答案】C

【解析】考查现在进行时。句意“杰克在哪里？”“在操场上。他____和他的同学踢足球。”根据问句是一般现在时可推知，在询问的时候，“踢足球”这个动作正在进行，所以应用现在进行时。故选C。

14.The train ___ when we got to the station. We had to wait for the next one.

A. has left

B. had left

C. left

D. was leaving

【答案】B

【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：当我们到达火车站的时候火车____。我们不得不等下一趟。根据句意可知到达火车站时火车已经离开，为过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故选B。

15.It’s nice to see you again. We ___ each other since 2014.

A. won’t see

B. don’t see

C. haven’t seen

D. didn’t see

【答案】C

【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：很高兴又见到你了。我们自从2014年以来彼此____。根据关键词since 可知本句应用现在完成时。故选C。

总结：动词的时态是中考的必考点，在单项填空中考查。考生可掌握以下判定时态的技巧：

①根据时间状语确定时态；

②利用上下文语境判断句子的时态；

③在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态；

④根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态；

⑤固定句型中的固定时态。

4时态在句子中的运用

一、完成句子

1.当爷爷读书时,他戴着眼镜。Grandpa glasses when he .

2.沿着这条路走,你将看到挨着银行有一个图书馆Just go down this road and you the library next to the bank.

3.Paula很高兴她已经找到了她丢失的手表Paula is pleased that she her lost watch

4.我们很骄傲中国这些年正变得越来越强大We’re proud that China stronger and stronger these years.

5.汤姆安全地到达了机场。Tom the airport safely

6.我们发现一个男人躺在地上。We a man lying on the ground.

7.今天下午有一场足球比赛There a football game this afternoon.

【答案】1.wears，reads

2.will see

3.has found

4. is becoming

5.reached

6. found

7. will be

二、翻译句子

1.我们已经很久没见了。

2.到目前为止，他已经解决了许多困难。

3.直到上星期五，我才知道你会来。

4.那里有一家工厂正向河里倒废水。

【答案】1.We have not seen foe a long time.

2.So far, he has solved a lot of difficulty.

3.I didn’t know he would come until last week.

4.There is a factory pouring waste water into the river.

备战2021 中考英语 语法专项训练6 动词的时态(含答案)

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