Unit12

Unit12 What did you do last weekend?(Second A 1a_2d)

【预习检测】

一．单词转换

1.海滩_____复数：______

2.绵羊____ 复数：______

3.蝴蝶_____复数：_______

4.婴儿_____复数：______

5.老鼠____ 复数：_____ child复数____ tooth复数_____ man复数____

6.拜访参观_____名词：______

7.自然nature 形容词_____ 8．写出下列单词的过去式

climb_____say_____ sing ____sit___ fly____ swim________ put_____ read_____ m ake _____tell_____ study______ stay _____ play______

二．翻译下列短语：

1.做作业_______________

2.去看电影___________________ 去海滩______________________ 去图书馆____________________

3.去划船___________ 去野营___________ 去购物___________ 去钓鱼___________ 去游泳___________ 去滑冰___________

4.在湖边___________________ 在湖边野营______________________

5.打羽毛球_______________________

6.看望我奶奶_____________________

7.为测验而学习___________________

8.自然历史博物馆_________________

9.kind of __________ 10.深夜不睡，熬夜____________ 11. 告诉某人关于________ 12. 生活习惯___________ 13.work______作为…而工作

【学习任务】

1. as 介词，表示“当做，作为”

Eg: 他在一家医院当医生 He works ___ a hospital ____ a doctor.

____ a boy, he often ____ skating in winter when he was young.

2. with 带有具有

Eg：They have a butterfly house ____ over 200 _________(种) ________蝴蝶。The girl ______ glasses is my cousin.

3. on 表示具体某一天，或具体某天的某段时间

_____ Saturday morning = ______ the morning of Saturday，_____ the first night _____ a winter evening

在一个冬季的晚上 ___ a sunny morning在一个晴朗早上.感叹句：4.How+adj.形容词+ (主语+谓语)！ What(+a/an)+形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)！表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情，翻译为“多么。。。啊！”

eg：多么漂亮的鸟啊！ ______ ______ the bird is! ___________ a ________ bird! 【课堂检测】

一、单项选择

( ) 1. -- How long did Helen __________ in Changsha? -- For a week.

A. sit

B. stay

C. feel

( )2.That is a _____ mountain ,it’s about 5000 meters. A. tall B. high C. height ( ) 3. ______ clever the boy is ! A. How B. What C. What a

( ) 4. _______ a student, you must study hard. A. By B. About C. As ( ). Linda felt very ___, so she stooped to have a rest.

A. surprised

B. shy

C. tired

( ) 5. She ____ a book but I watched TV. A reads B read C reading D readed ( ) 6.What did you do _____?

A. on weekends

B. next weekend C, last weekend D. at weekend ( ) 7. When _____ you ____ the bike? -------- Last month.

A. is; buy

B. do buy

C. did; buy

( ) 8.It’s ______of butterfly, and I think it’s ______ interesting.

A. kind of; kind of

B. a kind of; kind of

C. a kind of; kinds of

( )9 . I can see two _______ and three _______ in the picture.

A. cows; sheeps

B. cows; sheep

C. cow; sheep

D. cow; sheeps 二．句型转换：

1.Kite did her homework last night.(改否定句)

Kite _____ _______her homework last nigh

2. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）

_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?

3. He’s cleaning his rooms. （划线提问）________ he _______?

4. Why not go out for a walk?（同义句）_______ ________ ________ out for a walk?

5.It was terrible last Sunday ? （划线提问）_______ ________ it going last Sunday?

6.They played tennis last Sunday morning.（划线提问）

______ _____ they _____tennis?

7.He often cleaned his room last year.(改为一般现在时态)

He often ______ ________ ______.

三．用所给词的适当形式填空：

1. Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.

2. Mike _______（stay ）up late last night. So he ______ (get ) up late this morning.

3. I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing.

4. What __________ (make) him cry (哭) just now?

5. There _____________( be not) any hospitals in my hometown (家乡) in 1940.

6. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday?No, she _________.

7. _________ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?

8. Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning.

9. Jack ____________ (not clean) the room just now.

10. His father __________ (buy) a new computer for him last week

Unit12 What did you do last weekend?(Grammar Focus __1d)

【预习检测】

翻译下列短语：

be afraid___________ 爬上他父亲的后背 climb ___ his______ back 跑开_____________ 在游泳池里___________________ 冲…大声叫嚷(生气愤怒)shout at sb. 两周前_______________ high school ___________ .丢失了他的钥匙_________________ 在星期六的早上_________________一门外语_________________ 和朋友一起吃晚餐________________________ 放风筝______________ 在游泳池里游泳________________________________ 【学习任务】

it + be + adj.(形容词) + to do

Eg: 学习英语是很重要的 It’s ______ ____ learn a _________________.

【学习检测】

一、单项选择：

1. The little boy _____ quickly when he saw his teacher

A. runs away B runs after C ran away

2. Did they ____ fun in the music room? -- Yes, they had great fun ______ the music.

A. have, listening to

B. had, listening to

C. have, hear

D. had, hear

3. Who ____ dinner for me?—Your aunt did. A did cook B cooks C cooked

4. “The old man likes to _______ jokes.” our teacher _______.

A. tell, told

B. tell, said

C. say, said

D. speak, said

5. ____the morning they usually do sports. But_____ yesterday morning they cleaned their room.

A. In, on

B. In, /

C. On, on

D. In, in

二、句型转换：

1. Jim lost a set of keys yesterday. (划线提问) ______lost a set of keys yesterday?

2.I stayed at home last weekend. (划线提问)

_____ _____ you ______ last weekend ?

3.I went to Beijing last summer by bus? (划线提问)

_______ _______ you _______ to Beijing ?

4.He found some meat in the fridge.（一般疑问句)

______ he __ ______ meat in the fridge?

5.Mr Ren always went to work on foot last year. (划线提问)

_____ _____Mr Gao ________ to work last year？

三、改错题

1．How is Jane yesterday? _____________________

2．He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________

3．He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________

4．I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________

5．Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________ 6．Tom wasn’t watch TV last night. ____________________________________ 7．I didn’t my homework yesterday. ____________________________________ 8．He wait for you three hours ago. ____________________________________

9Who find it just now ? ________________________________________

Unit12 What did you do last weekend?(Section B 2a_Self Check) 【预习检测】

. 作为一份特殊的礼物____ a _____ .搭建 _______搭建帐篷__________ .生火__________________ 讲故事________________ 互相_______互相帮助___________ .入睡______ get a surprise ______ look out of__________ .了解________ up and down _____跳上跳下______ .wake…up _________ move into …_______第二天早上____________________ 度过一个愉快的周末___________ have a busy weekend____________ 如此。。以至于_____________ 访谈节目_______________ . keep us warm ___________ 保持教室干净

_____ our classroom___ . learn from_____________

【学习重点】

1. so +形容词+that 句子如此….以至于……

Eg: 我是如此劳累以至很快入睡了。I was ____ _____ that I _____ ___ ____ early 我是如此害怕以至于我不能动. I _____ so _____ _____ I _________ _______.

2. 看到某人正在做某事 see sb. _____ sth, 类似watch sb. doing, hear sb. Doing Eg:我们看到了一条蛇正在篝火旁睡觉。We ____ a ______ _______ near the fire. 我能听见孩子们在教室里唱歌 I can ______ the children ______ in the classroom.

3. start to do 或 start doing开始做某事

Eg: 你什么时候开始学英语的？_____ did you ______ ____ _____ English?

4. 修饰不定代词（something, anything nothing）的形容词要后置

Eg: 上周你做有趣的事情了么？Did you do ______ ________ last weekend?

报纸上有重要的事情么? Is there _________ __________ in the newspaper? 【课堂检测】

( )1 ―__________fine day it is today!

—Yes,the sunshine is_________beautiful that I'd like to go swimming in the sea. A. How, such B. What a, very C. How, so D. What a, so

( )2. We can make a fire _____ the room warm.

A.Keep

B. kept

C. to keep

( )3. The soccer game was_____ exciting that every jumped.

A．so B. very C. too

( )4. I saw he _____ near the river.

A.Plays

B. playing

C. to play

( )5. ---________ did he go last weekend? ---The beach.

A. What

B. How

C. When

D. Where

( )6. We don’t know ________ next.

A. how to do

B. what to do

C. what to do it

D. where to do

二、句型转换

1.I went to the cinema last weekend.(对划线部分提问)

______ ________ you ______last weekend?

2.Tony went to the beach yesterday. (一般)

_____Tony ___to the beach yesterday?

3.Mary fed some cows .(对划线部分提问) _____fed some cows ？

4. 4 I played with my father. (划线提问)_______ did you ______ _______?

5.He was very busy yesterday . (一般) ________he very busy yesterday?

6. We did our homework last Friday. (否定句) We ______ _____ our homework.

7. Her weekend was very interesting. (划线提问) _____ _____ her weekend?

8. I played soccer on my computer last weekend. (划线提问)

What _______ you ________ on _______ computer last weekend?

9. Did he study English well? (改为肯定句) He _________ English well.

10. How excellent the teacher is! (同义句)_______ _____ _______ teacher he is!

三用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.We ______ (live) in Japan last year.

2.Jack________ (stop) the car last Sunday.

3.Tom ______ (clean) my room and ______ (study) for the Chinese test last weekend.

4.What ___you ______(do) last night?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/805043250.html,st Sunday morning I ______(play) tennis.

6.I ______ (be) at home yesterday afternoon.

7.She always ______(wear) a red dress.

8.I’d like _____(go) to the movies with you

9.Tom __________ (carry) water for the old man last Saturday.

10Uncle Wang ______ ( come )into the room and ________ ( find ) something to eat.

11.Lily ______ ( study ) in the classroom for two hours and then _________ ( leave ).

12.Jimmy ____ ( do ) a lot today. He ____ ( go ) shopping and ______ ( cook ) supper.

13.We ______ ( go ) to the cinema last night. The film ___________ ( be ) very good.

14.What time _________ you __________ ( get ) to school this morning

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人教新目标英语九年级单词表（Unit 12全一册） Unit 12鍏ㄤ竴鍐岋級Unit 12 shake 鎽囧姩 shake hands 鎻℃墜 custom 椋庝織;涔犱織;涔犳儻 bow 闉犺含; kiss 鍚?浜插惢 Cali (鍝ヤ鸡姣斾簹瑗块儴鍩庡競)鍗″埄 Colombia 鍝ヤ鸡姣斾簹 relaxed 鏀炬澗鐨? drop by 椤轰究 Lausanne Switzerland 鐟炲＋ land after all 姣曠珶 towards 鍏充簬 greet ? Peru 绉橀瞾 Pick 鎷惧彇 pick up 鎹¤捣 wipe 鎿? napkin 椁愬肪 make a noise stick 鍒?

rude 绮楅瞾 point 鎸? go out of one's way to do sth. 鐗瑰湴鍋氭煇浜? make sb. feel at home ? manner 绀艰矊 table manners be used to /get used to 涔犳儻浜?.. fork 椁愬弶 full 鍚冮ケ鐨? lap 澶ц吙 elbow 鑲? gradually 閫愭笎 particular 閫愭笎鍦? compliment 绉拌禐 toast 鐑ら潰鍖? unfamiliar 涓嶇啛鎮夌殑 spoon 璋冪竟 knife 鍒€ crowd 鎸ゆ弧 rubbish 鍨冨溇 seek 瀵绘壘 chatline online 鑱旀満鐨? type 鎵撳瓧 mostly 澶氬崐 abbreviation 缂╃暐璇? form. 鏋勬垚

phrase homophone ? combine 缁撳悎 symbol 璞″緛 punctuation 鏍囩偣绗﹀彿 mark 璁板彿 emotion 鎯呮劅 emoticon 鐢卞瓧绗︾粍鎴愮殑鍥鹃噴colon 鍐掑彿 bracket beside 鍦?..鏃佽竟 e-mail riddle learn...by oneself experiment 璇曢獙 proper 鍚堥€傜殑 pleased 楂樺叴鐨? queue 涓€闃熶汉 normally 閫氬父 whose 璋佺殑 Teresa 鐗逛附钀? Lopez 娲涗僵鍏? Marc LeBlanc 鍕掑竷鏈?

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Unit12 What did you do last weekend? 单词讲解与练习含答案1、camp v.扎营;扎帐篷 go camping去野营 2、lake n.湖，湖泊 the West Lake西湖 3、beach n.海滩，沙滩 go to the beach去海滩 4、badminton n.羽毛球运动 play badminton 打羽毛球 5.sheep n.羊，绵羊 sheep 绵羊,deer鹿都属于单复数同形的名词 6.as adv.&pron作为，当做 work as a guide = be a guide当一名导游 7.natural pron自然的 nature n自然界 8.butterfly n.蝴蝶 two butterflies两只蝴蝶 9.visitor n.游客；访问者 visit v参观 10.tired adj.疲倦的 be tired of sth 厌倦某事物 11.stay v.停留 stay 过去式stayed stay at home待在家里 12、stay up late深夜不睡 13、away adv.离开 14、run away 跑开 15、mouse n.老鼠 mouse复数mice 16、baby n.婴儿adj幼小的 17、shout v.呼叫，喊叫 shout at…冲……大声叫嚷,冲.....叫骂 shout to sb 朝某人喊 18、woof inter（狗叫声）汪汪 19、language n.语言 20、fly v.飞 过去式flew 21、kite n.风筝 22、fly a kite放风筝 23、high adj.&adv高的（地） 24、high school中学 25、ago adv.以前 这个词表示一般过去时three days ago 三天前 26.India n.印度 Indian 印度人，印第安人 27、tent n.帐篷 28、put up搭起，举起

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Unit 12-doc blaze:to burn strongly and brightly; to shine very brightly e.g. The rainbow blazed with color. simmer:to cook slowly at a temperature near boiling, Here the word is used figuratively, meaning “shine very brightly”. e.g. Let the soup simmer for about 30 minutes. burn with:to feel a very strong emotion or a great need for someone or something, Here in the text, it is used to describe the burning color. e.g. He was burning with curiosity, but didn’t dare ask what happened. twilight:the time in the evening when the sky is beginning to get dark; the light from the sky at twilight embrace:to completely accept something such as a new belief, idea, or way of life; to accept and include something e.g. 1. Most countries have enthusiastically embraced the concept of high-speed roads. 2. The scope of foreign policy expanded to embrace areas previously considered unimportant. awaken…to:to make someone experience a feeling or emotion; to begin to notice something or to make someone begin to notice something feel like doing something:would like to do something; want to do something marvel at something:to show or feel surprise or admiration on seeing something edge to/towards/along:to move somewhere slowly, carefully, and with small movements e.g. I looked over and saw Michael edging to the door. approach:to move closer to someone or something approach:to move closer to someone or something e.g. She paused for an instant and then stepped inside. alert:to tell someone in authority about a danger or problem so that they can take action to deal with it; to tell someone about something that may affect them e.g. We will be alerting people not to swim in the water. catch one’s eye:get one’s attention suddenly

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Bill offered to _____________________ to work. 比尔表示愿意让我搭车去上班。 6. Hold on to _____________________,then ___________________ left. 一直往前走，到第三个街区后左拐。 7. 他试图插队，但是警察制止了他。 Do you like _____________________? 你喜欢排队吗？ That isn’t __________________ my ideas at all. 那跟我的想法完全不一致。 Please sit _____________________ other. 请与别人坐成一排。8. 9. Don’t ______________________ me like that. 别那样盯着我看。 He ____________ me ____________. 他满腹疑惑地盯着我。11.above adv. 在上面；向上面prep. 在……上面

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XX新目标英语八年级上册单词表（Unit11-Unit12） Unit11 hre杂务；杂事 dish盘；菜肴 dthedishes洗餐具 seep扫除 trash垃圾 taeut取出 aene'sbed整理床铺 fld折叠；折起来 livingr起居室 eeting会议 rn从事；忙于 hate憎恨 dhres处理琐事；干家务 laundr洗衣店 dthelaundr洗衣服 sna小吃；快餐 teenager青少年

brr借入 invite邀请；恳请plaer唱机 are/are 照顾；关心 taearef照看；照顾feed喂养；饲养 ine我的 Rsa罗莎 Unit12 radi无线电radistatin无线电台 frtable舒适的 seat座位 sreen屏；荧光屏 lse近的；接近的servie服务；招待qualit/qualit品质；质量theater剧院 inea电影院

lthing衣服 eans牛仔裤 trend时髦的 teen/teen青少年 fun极好的；时髦的 eas安逸的；自在的 F=Frequendulatin调频 A=Aplitudedulatin调幅azz爵士乐 rse更差的 rst最差的 bargain特价商品；便宜货eal餐；一餐 psitive积极的；肯定的negative消极的；否定的dull乏味的；单调的 lud响亮的；喧闹的talent天才；天资talentsh才艺表演perfrer表演者；演员suess成功 at短节目；表演者

ithut无；没有 tgether一起；共同 usial音乐的 distane距离；路程 near/near靠近的；接近的farthest最远的 prvine/prvine省份 suthern南方的 still仍然 1℃fifteendegresselsius 摄氏度 lvel美丽的；可爱的；令人愉快的nrthern北方的 -10℃inustendegreeselsius 零下10摄氏度 enugh充足的；足够的 asn詹森 Dann丹尼 Dannis丹尼斯 Fid费多 iarre金•凯瑞

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第十二课一个发现：做一个美国人意味着什么 詹姆斯·鲍德温 1．亨利·詹姆斯曾经说过，“身为一个美国人是一种复杂玄妙的命运。”而一位作家在欧洲做出的最重大的发现就是这种命运究竟复杂到何种程度。美国的历史，其远大志向，其不同凡响的辉煌成就，还有她那更加不同凡响的挫折失败，以及她在世界上的地位——不论是过去还是现在——都是那么深不可测而又无可更改地独一无二，以至于“美国”这个词至今仍是一个陌生的、几乎可以说是完全没有明确定义的、且具有极大争议性的专有名词。世界上似乎还没有人确切地知道这个词的含义，就连我们这些五颜六色、千千万万自称为美国人的人也不例外。 2．我当初离开美国是因为我曾怀疑自己能否经受住这儿的有色人种问题的狂风暴雨的冲击。(现在我仍然时不时地这样怀疑。)我想使自己不至于仅仅成为一个黑人，或是仅仅只成为一个黑人作家。我想寻求一种什么途径，来使自己的生活经历的特殊性把自己与他人联系起来而不是分离开来。(我同黑人之间也产生了隔阂，就像我同白人之间的隔阂一样严重，当一个黑人开始真正地相信白人对黑人的评价时，常常就会发生这样的情况。) 3．在我认为有必要去寻求一种能把我的生活经历同别的人——黑人和白人，作家和非作家——的生活经历联系起来的途径的过程中，我惊奇地发现：自己原来也同任何得克萨斯州士兵一样，是非常爱国的美国人。而且我发现，我在巴黎所认识的每一位美国作家都有我这种感受。他们都同我一样脱离了自己的本源，而且事实证明，这些美国白人的欧洲本源同我的非洲本源竟没有多少差别——他们在欧洲也像我一样感到不自在。 4．我是奴隶的后代，而他们是自由人的子孙，这种差异则无关紧要。因为我们在欧洲大地上相遇时，都在努力探求着各自的自我价值。当我们终于发现各自的自我价值之后，我们似乎都在感慨：这下可好啦，多少年来造成我们之间的隔阂的遗憾和痛苦之情，我们可再也不用死抱住不放了。 5．我们美国人彼此间的相互了解超过任何欧洲人所能达到的程度。这一点在本国不曾有人认识到，但一到欧洲，我们便认识得很清楚了。还有一点也显得很清楚：不论我们的祖先源于何处，也不管他们曾有过什么样的遭遇，我们美国黑人和白人都是欧洲造就出来的。这一事实就是我们的身分以及我们的遗传特征的组成部分。 6．在我认清这些之前，我在巴黎呆了两三年的时间。：待到认清这些之后，我就像许多前辈作家发现他的生活支柱全部被人拆掉了一样，遭受了一种精神崩溃的痛苦，不得不到瑞士的高山上去疗养。在那一片晶莹的雪山景色中，我以两张贝西·史密斯的唱片和一台打字机为工具，开始试图把自己孩提时代最初体验到的，多年来又一直想尽力忘却的生活经历再现出来。 7．是贝西·史密斯用她的音调和节拍帮我发掘出了当我还是个黑人小孩时本就使用过的说话口吻，使我重新忆起了小时闻、所见和所感。我已将这些深深藏在了心底。在美国，

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烟，无法相信（这一切）。我觉着我能够活着很幸运。 大约10年之后，2011年2月21日，我早上10：00 醒来意识到我的闹钟根本没响。我从床上跳起来直奔机场。但是当我到达机场时，我飞往新西兰的航班已经起飞了。“这可是我今年的第一个假期，我居然误了航班。真倒霉！”我暗想。其他的航班都已经满员，我不得不等到第二天。（结果）第二天早上,我听到新西兰昨天发生了地震。我的坏运气意想不到变成了一件好事。 Section B 2b 愚人节是一个世界上许多不同国家都进行庆祝的节日。它在每年的四月一日，这是一个许多人会互相开各种玩笑或恶作剧的日子。 有一年的愚人节，英国的一位记者宣称因为意大利农民停止种植意大利面条，因此以后将不再有意大利面条了。许多人都跑到当地超市尽可能多地买意大利面。等人们意识到这是一个恶作剧的时候，全国所有的意大利面条都被卖光了。在英国另一个恶作剧中，一电视节目报道发现了一种特殊的水。他们说这种水可以帮助人们减肥，有一位消费者仅四个月就减掉了很多体重。（结果）当天结束之前，超过10,000人打电话到电视台，询问如何得到这种水。 许多愚人节的玩笑的结局并不那么有趣。一位著名的电视明星曾经在愚人节邀请他的女朋友上他的电视节目。他向她求婚。那位女士是如此的高兴因为她真的想结婚了。然而,当她说好的时候，他却回答“愚人节傻瓜！”那个小玩笑结局并不快乐。电视明星失去了他的女朋友和他的节目也被取消了。

人教版九年级英语Unit2单词、知识梳理、词汇句式精讲

人教版九年级英语Unit2 单词、知识梳理/ 词汇句式精讲 Unit2 单词 Mooncake ['mu:nke ?k] n. 月饼lantern [ ?l?nt ? (r)n] n. 灯笼stranger [ ?streind ?? (r)] n. 陌生人relative [ ?rel ?tiv] n. 亲属；亲戚put on 增加(体重)；发胖pound [paund] n. 磅(重量单位)；英镑folk [f ?uk] adj. 民间的；民俗的goddess [ ?g ?des][ ?ɡɑd ?s] n. 女神whoever [hu: ?ev? pron. 无论是谁；不管谁；任何人steal [sti:l] v. (stole [st ?ul], stolen [st ?ul ?n]) 偷；窃取lay [lei] v. (laid [leid], laid) 放置；产(卵) lay out 摆开；布置dessert [di ?z?:(r)t] n. ( 饭后)甜点；甜食garden [ga:(r)dn] n. 花园；园子tradition [tr ??d??n] n. 传统admire [ ?d ?mai ? (r)] v. 欣赏；仰慕 tie [tai] n. 领带v. 捆；束haunted [ ?h ?:ntid] adj. 有鬼魂出没的ghost [g ?ust] n. 鬼；鬼魂trick [trik] n. 花招；把戏treat [tri:t] n. 款待；招待；请客spider [ ?spaid ?r）] n. 蜘蛛Christmas [ ?krism ?s] n. 圣诞节lie [laI] v. （lay [leI], lain [leIn]）存在；平躺；处于

人教版(九上)Unit12单词课文_知识梳理_词汇句式精讲

backpack [b?kp?k] n. 背包；旅行包 oversleep v.(overslept ;overs 睡过头 lept) give ... a lift 捎（某人）一程 miss [mis] v. 错过；未得到 unexpected [?nikspektid] a.出乎意料的；始料不及的 block [bl?k ] n. 街区 worker [w?:(r)k?(r)] n. 工作者；工人 stare [ste?] v. 盯着看；凝视 disbelief [disbili:f] n. 不信；怀疑 above [ ?b?v] adv. 在上面；向上面pre在上面burn [b?:(r)n] v. (burnt; burned ) 着火；燃烧 alive [ ?laIv] adj. 活着；有生气的 take off （飞机等）起飞；匆忙离开 till [til] conj. & pre到；直到 west [west] adv. 向西；朝西adj. 向西的；西 部的n. 西；西方cream [kri:m] n. 奶油；乳脂 boss [b?s] n. 老板；领导 pie [pai] n. 果馅饼；果馅派 course [k?:(r)s] n. 课程 bean [bi:n] n. 豆；豆荚 market [ma:(r)kit] n. 市场；集市 costume [k?stju:m] n.服装；装束 embarrassed [imb?r?st] adj.窘迫的；害羞的 announce [ ?nauns] v. 宣布；宣告 spaghetti [sp?geti] n. 意大利面条 hoax [h?uks] n. 骗局；恶作剧 discovery [disk?v?ri] n. 发现；发觉 lady [leidi] n. 女士；女子 officer [ ?fis?] n.军官；官员 believable [bili:v?bl] adj.可相信的；可信任的embarrassing [imb?r?si?] a. 使人害羞的（难堪的或惭愧 的）New Zealand [nju:zi:l?nd] 新西兰 Italy [It?li] 意大利 Mars [ma:(r)z] 火星 Carl [ka:(r)l] 卡尔（男名） OrsonWelles [?:(r)s?n; welz] 奥森?韦尔斯 02 Unit11 知识梳理 【重点短语】

(完整版)Unit12GenderBiasinLanguage课文翻译综合教程一

Unit 12 Gender Bias in Language Language is a very powerful element. It is the most common method of communication. Yet it is often misunderstood and misinterpreted, for language is a very complicated mechanism with a great deal of nuance. There are times when in conversation with another individual, that we must take into account the person’s linguistic genealogy. There are people who use language that would be considered prejudicial or biased in use. But the question that is raised is in regard to language usage: Is language the cause of the bias or is it reflective of the preexisting bias that the user holds? There are those who believe that the language that we use in day-to-day conversation is biased in and of itself. They feel that the term "mailman", for example, is one that excludes women mail carriers. Then there are those who feel that language is a reflection of the prejudices that people have within themselves. That is to say, the words that people choose to use in conversation denote the bias that they harbor within their own existence. There are words in the English language that are existing or have existed (some of them have changed with the new wave of “political correctness” coming about) that have inherently been sexually biased against women. For example, the person who investigates reported complaints (as from consumers or students), reports findings, and helps to achieve fair and impartial settlements is ombudsman (Merriam-Webster Dictionary), but ombudsperson here at Indiana State University. This is an example of the gender bias that exists in the English language. The language is arranged so that men are identified with exalted positions, and women are identified with more service-oriented positions in which they are being dominated and instructed by men. So the language used to convey this type of male supremacy is generally reflecting the honored position of the male and the subservience of the female. Even in relationships, the male in the home is often referred to as the “man of the house,” even if it is a 4-year-old child. It is highly insulting to say that a 4-year-old male, based solely on his gender, is more qualified and capable of conducting the business and affairs of the home than his possibly well-educated, highly intellectual mother. There is a definite disparity in that situation. In American culture, a woman is valued for the attractiveness of her body, while a man is valued for his physical strength and his achievements. Even in the example of word pairs the bias is evident. The masculine word is put before the feminine word, as in the examples of Mr. and Mrs., his and hers, boys and girls, men and women, kings and queens, brothers and sisters, guys and dolls, and host and hostess. This shows that the usage of many of the English words is also what contributes to the bias present in the English language. Alleen Pace Nilsenn notes that there are instances when women are seen as passive while men are active and bring things into being. She uses the example of the wedding ceremony. In the beginning of the ceremony, the father is asked who gives the bride away and he answers, “I do.” It is at this point that Nilsen argues that the gender bias comes into play. The traditional concept of the bride as something to be handed from one man (the father) to another man (the husband-to-be) is perpetuated. Another example is in the instance of sexual relationships. The women become