高考英语时态和语态导学案

时态和语态

李仕才

英语高考专题之时态和语态

课程目标：

正确的时态和语态是一个简单句的重要组成部分；时态和语态是高中语法教学的重点和难点，是学好英语的关键；尤其重要的是其在高考试题中所占的比重非常大，无论是单选、完形填空、阅读表达和写作，甚至阅读能力都和时态、语态的理解有关系，所以要求学生务必在英语学习中重视该语法的学习。

一、学习目标

掌握不同时态的基本用法。

二、重点、难点

掌握不同时态的基本用法以及每个时态的常用时间表达。

三、考情分析

时态和语态的分值比很大，学生掌握起来有难度，所以必须重视该语法的学习，及其基本用法，研究历年关于该语法的高考题。有些学生在单选方面还可以，但是体现在书面表达中就差强人意了，这说明学生的该语法比较薄弱，务必加强学习。

知识梳理：

一般现在时态

【基本用法】

1. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作；

2. 表示当前时间存在的特征或状态；

3. 表示客观真理或客观事实；

4. 少数用于表示起止的动词，如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，只用一般现在时。

5. 由if, unless, as long as等引导的条件状语从句，when, before, as soon as, once 等引导的时间状语从句及no matter when/how或however, wherever, even if等引导的让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。

【特别提示】

特别注意主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词的变化。

【例句】

The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.

地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。

If it is fine tomorrow, we shall visit the Great Wall.

如果明天天晴，我们就去游览长城。

【考题链接】

I often ________ all the cooking for my family, but rece ntly I ’ve been too busy to do it.

A. will do

B. do

C. am doing

D. had done

答案：B

解题思路：句意：平时都是我为家人做饭，但最近我太忙了，不能做了。此题考查一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作这一用法，其他时态均不合题意。

现在进行时态

【基本用法】基本结构：is/am/are+ doing 否定句：is/am/are+ not+ doing

1. 说话时正在发生的动作。

2. 说话时不一定在进行，但目前的时间背景下正在发生的动作。

3. 某些动词的现在进行时可表示计划或安排好了的将来动作。常见的动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, start, stay, return, take off等。

4. always, often, constantly, frequently, forever等副词和现在进行时态连用，表达说话人的某种情感，即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等，可译为“老是、总是”。

【注意】有些动词不能用进行时态

a. 表示心理状态、情感的动词：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need等。

b. 表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on 等。

c. 表示瞬间动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等。

d. 表示感官的动词：notice, feel, smell, sound, taste等。

【例句】

She is attending a lecture which is being given by Professor Lee.

她正在参加由李教授所做的报告。

The Internet technology is changing the way people communicate with each other.

因特网正改变着人们彼此交流的方式。

【考题链接】

—I’m not finished with my dinner yet.

—But our friends ___________for us.

A. will wait

B. wait

C. have waited

D. are waiting

答案：D

解题思路：考查动词时态。句意：—我还没吃完呢。—但是我们的朋友正在等我们。解此类题的关键是根据上下文语境定出动作发生的时间。从题中But可看出动作wait为说话人说话时正在进行的动作，故选D。

一般将来时态

【基本用法】

1. 表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall＋动词(常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow，next week等)。shall用于第一人称。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。

a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。

b. 计划，安排要发生的事。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。

3. “be +不定式”表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

4. 在“祈使句＋and / or＋陈述句”句型中，陈述句中只能用will / 情态动词＋动词原形。

【例句】

We will talk about this topic next week. 我们下周将会讨论这个话题。

What are you going to do tomorrow? 你明天打算做什么呢？

【考题链接】

看起来像是要下雨了。

It looks as if it ___________ rain.

答案：is going to

一般过去时态

【基本用法】

①表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去具体时间的状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示); 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

②表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

【例句】

Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

我还是个孩子的时候，常在大街上踢足球。

【考题链接】

In 1942, Columbus___________ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India．

A. lands

B. landed

C. has landed

D. had landed

答案：B

解题思路：句意：1942年，哥伦布登上了巴哈马群岛其中的一个岛，但是他错把它当成了印度的一个岛。本题中有个具体的过去时间“1942年”，故应用一般过去时态，表示过去的时间发生的动作。

过去进行时态

【基本用法】谓语结构：was / were ＋v.－ing

1. 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内某动作发生或频繁发生。

2. 某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个动作在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。

3. 表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，仅用于come, go, start, leave, stay, arrive等。

【例句】

We were working from two to four yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午我们从两点一直工作到四点。

He was reading a novel when the door bell rang.

门铃响的时候，他在读小说。

【考题链接】

—Have you finished reading that novel?

—No, I__________ my homework all day yesterday.

A. was doing

B. would do

C. had done

D. do

答案：A

解题思路：句意：—你读完那本小说了吗？—没有，我昨天一直在写作业。根据时间状语all day yesterday可知was doing最佳。表示昨天一整天都在做作业。

现在完成时态

【基本用法】谓语结构：has / have＋动词过去分词

1. 表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作，强调结果的影响。常用的时间状语：already, just, never, yet, ever, lately, recently, up to now, in the past+一段时间，so far等。

2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。常与since＋时间点，for＋时间段及介词短语during / in / over the last (past)few years (months, weeks), in

recent years等连用。

【例句】

I have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。

They’ve lived here since 2008.

他们自从2008年就住在那里了。

【特别提醒】

1. 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的；而短暂性动词用于现在完成时态，不能和段时间连用。如果短暂性动词需要和段时间连用，就必须转换成其他词来表示。

buy—have come—be in leave—be away from die—be dead show—be on

2. have gone to和have been to

have gone to表示去了,还没有回来；have been to表示曾经去过，说话时已经回来了。

3. since的用法

since作介词，后面接过去的时间点；since作连词，后面一般接一般过去时态的句子。【例句】

我离开中国三年了。

I have left China for three years. （该句是错误的）

改为：I have been away from China for three years.

He has gone to Beijing. 他去了北京了。（现在还没回来）

He has been to Beijing. 他去过北京。（现在已回来）

【考题链接】

1. Progress _______ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.

A. was

B. had been

C. has been

D. will be

答案：C

解题思路：句意：到目前为止，一切进展良好，我们确信工作能够按时完成。so far (by now)提示要用现在完成时。

2. —I hear Jane ___________ the Holy Island on holiday.

—Oh, how nice. Do you know when she left?

A. has gone to

B.has been to

C. went to

D. goes to

答案：A

解题思路：句意：—我听说简去霍利岛度假了。噢，多么好啊！你知道她什么时候离开的吗？根据句意，简在说话的时候还没回来，什么时候离开的也不知道，关键是截至说话时她还没回来，是过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，故用现在完成时态，故选Ａ。

过去完成时态

【基本用法】谓语结构：had +动词过去分词

1. 概念：表示过去的过去

2. 用法：

a. 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

b. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。

【例句】

She said（that）she had never been to Paris.

她告诉我她从未去过巴黎。

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

【考题链接】

It took me a long time before I was able to fully ap preciate what they __________ for me.

A. had done

B. did

C. would do

D. were doing

答案：A

解题思路：句意：我花了好长时间才完全了解他们为我做了什么。选用had done，表示发生在was able to fully appreciate之前。

过去将来时态

【基本用法】

1. 谓语结构：would/should + do was/were + going to + do was/were+ to do

2. 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中。

【例句】

His sister told him that she would be back on Sunday.

姐姐告诉他，她将于星期天回来。

I thought the story was going to be funny.

我认为这个故事比较搞笑。

【考题链接】

—Don’t you feel surprised to see Linda at the meeting?

—Yes. I really didn’t think she __________ here.

A. has been

B. had been

C. would be

D. would have been

答案：C

解题思路：句意：—难道你在会议上看到琳达不感到惊讶吗？—是的。我真的认为她不会来这里。根据上下文语境可知，设空处的动作已在过去发生或完成。但根据I really didn’t think可以判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将来要发生的事, 故应用过去将

来时。

将来完成时态

【基本用法】

构成：will/shall have＋动词过去分词

意义：将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。

【例句】

Before long, he will have forgotten all about the matter.

不久以后，他就会把这件事全忘了。

【考题链接】

—Tommy is planning to buy a car．

—I know. By next month, he __________ enough for a used one．

A. saves

B. saved

C. will save

D. will have saved

答案：D

解题思路：句意：—汤米正计划买辆车。—我知道。截至下个月他就能攒够钱买辆二手的了。表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作,故用将来完成时态。

将来进行时态

【基本用法】

结构：will + be + 动词的现在分词

意义：

（1）表示在将来某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作

（2）有时可表示预计即将发生或势必要发生的动作

【例句】

This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Hainan.

明天这个时间我正飞往海南。

If I fail to appear by 8 o’clock, I will not be coming at all.

如果我8点不到，我就不会来了。

【考题链接】

You’d better not call the manager between 7：00 and 8：00 this evening, for he ___________ an important meeting then.

A. will have

B. would have

C. will be having

D. will have had

答案：C

解题思路：句意：今天晚上7点到8点间你最好不要给经理打电话，因为他那时将有个重要的会议。根据题干中的时间状语between 7：00 and 8：00 this evening可知, 设空处的动作是将来某个时刻正在进行的, 故应用将来进行时, 口语中常用这种时态表示将来某时刻正在进行或发生的动作。

现在完成进行时态

【基本用法】

结构：have/has + been +动词的现在分词

意义：

1. 表示动作从过去一个时间开始，一直延续到现在，强调在此阶段里，动作一直在进行。常和由for, since引导的时间状语连用。

2. 表示说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作。

3. 用以强调动作的延续性或重复性。

【例句】

I have been waiting for you for an hour.

我已等你一个小时了。

He has been dropping in on her almost every day recently.

最近，他几乎天天拜访她。

【考题链接】

—I hear you ______________ at Smith’s.

—Yes, I ______________ there for about three months.

A. work; had been working

B. worked; was working

C. are working; have been working

D. worked; have worked

答案：C

解题思路：考查动词时态。句意：—我听说你在史密斯那里工作。—是的，我已在那里工作约三个月了。第一空表示说话时正在进行的动作，用现在进行时态；而第二空表示该动作是3个月前开始的，现在依然在进行，故用现在完成进行时态。故选C。

即学即练：

1.We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we ________ out his address yet,

A. haven’t found

B. hadn’t found

C. didn’t find

D. don’t find

答案：A

解题思路：根据句意“我们想要亲自感谢他，但是还没有找到他的地址”，强调对现在产生的影响，所以应用一般现在时，正确答案为A。

2.The reporter said that the UFO ________ east to west when he saw it.

A. was traveling

B. trave led

C. had been traveling

D. was to travel

答案：A

解题思路：根据句中when he saw it可知，当记者看到UFO的时候，UFO正在运动中，而且是发生在过去的动作，所以应用过去进行时，正确答案为A。

3.—Is this raincoat yours?

—No，mine ________ there behind the door.

A. hangs

B. has hang

C. is hanging

D. hang

答案：C

解题思路：根据对话可知是当时正在进行的状态，所以应该用现在进行时，因此正确答案为C。

4.He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still ________.

A. has been

B. does

C. has

D. is

答案：D

解题思路：由前半句可知他整个上午一直在写作文，后半句中的still“仍然”说明这个动作现在还在进行中，所以正确答案为D。

5. If city noises ________ from increasing，people ________ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.

A. are not kept; will have to

B. are not kept; have to

C. do not keep; will have to

D. do not keep; have to

答案：A

解题思路：前半句是由if引导的条件状语从句，所以应用一般现在时，而噪音应该是被控制，应该用被动语态，主句需要用一般将来时，综合前后的需求，正确答案为A。

6. The little girl ________her heart out because she ________ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.

A. had cried; lost

B. cried; had lost

C. has cried; has lost

D. cries;

has lost

答案：B

解题思路：丢失玩具的动作发生在believed之前，所以第二个空要用过去完成时，再综合整句话的含义，第一个空要用cried。所以正确答案为B。

7.They believed that by using computers the production of their factory ________.

A. will greatly increase

B. would greatly increase

C. would be increased greatly

D. will have been greatly increased

答案：C

解题思路：根据They believed可知整件事情都是发生在过去的，而他们认为工厂产量提高也是过去的想法，所以要用过去将来时。因此正确答案为C。

8. He _______ basketball with them at 10 tomorrow morning.

A. will play

B. is playing

C. will be playing

D. plays

答案：C

解题思路：根据时间状语at 10 tomorrow morning，可知是发生在将来的具体时间正在进行的动作，所以要用将来进行时，因此正确答案为C。

9. The meeting _________ a full week by the time it ends.

A. will last

B. will have lasted

C. lasts

D. would last

答案：B

解题思路：根据by the time it ends 可知是发生在将来某一时间结束，所以要用将来完成时态，因此选择B。

高考英语动词时态和语态讲解与专项练习题

动词时态语态 汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中常考的或较常用的有10种，而且重点测试完成时态。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时；主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时刻表）等。 He usua lly goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。

高中英语时态和语态专项练习题

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1.(2014·湖南“五市十校”高三联合检测)Anyone who knows about the world-famous scientist Stephen Hawking can see that, within his small and weak figure, he ________(carry) a big heart. 答案：carries 解析：考查时态。句意：任何一个了解世界著名的科学家史蒂芬·霍 金的人都知道在他弱小的身躯里藏着一颗博大的心。根据“Anyone who knows about the world-famous scientist Stephen Hawking can see that”可知，此句表示的是客观事实， 故应用一般现在时。 2. (2014·沈阳高三质量监测)I ________(dream) of becoming a professional photographer ever since I was ten. 答案：have been dreaming 解析：考查动词的时态。根据句中的“ever since I was ten”可知此处表示“从十岁以来一直梦想做某事”，即从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现 在的动作，故用现在完成进行时。 3. (2014·成都高中毕业班诊断性检测)—Will you be available at three o'clock tomorrow afternoon? —No. I ________(attend) a lecture then. 答案：will be attending 解析：考查时态。句意：——明天下午三点你有空吗?——没有。那时我正听讲座呢。时间状语then指的是问句中提到的“at three o'clock tomorrow afternoon”，表示将来某一时刻正在做某事，所以用将来进行时。 4. (2014·陕西高三教学质量检测)—Why is the road so crowded? —The two new underground lines ________(build). 答案：are being built 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：——路上怎么这么拥挤?——两条新地铁线路正在修建中。语境叙述的是与现在相关的动作，地铁线路正在被修建，故用现在进行时的被动语态。 5. (2014·湖南“五市十校”高三联合检测)—Can he get the first prize for running in this sports meeting? —Impossible now. He ________(expect) to do so, but he has just hurt his leg.

2017届高三英语一轮复习导学案：动词时态和语态常考点解析

高三语法：动词时态和语态常考点 【课前预习】 1. —Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and ______ his essay there ever since. A. wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing 2. It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come. A. will be building B. will he built C. has been building D. has been built 3. —Is Peter coming? —No, he_____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute. A.c hanges B. changed C. was changing D. had changed 4. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_____ cut. A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been 5. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was 6. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time. A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching 7. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides. A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached 8. —Did you enjoy the party? —Yes. We ______well by our hosts. A. were treated B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated 9. —Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house? —Not really. She ______ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. A. was to give B. had given C. was giving D. would give 10. The reason why prices _______, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been 11. He must have sensed that I ______ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?" A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at 12. I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but_______ thankfully by the shop window. A. am held back B. held back C. hold back D. was held back 【学习过程】 考点1:动词的各种时态 1.一般现在时 1).表示客观事实或普通真理。