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外研版七年级上英语重点语法总结与练习

外研版七年级上英语重点语法总结与练习
外研版七年级上英语重点语法总结与练习

Starter Module 1 My teacher and my friends

主系表结构

主系表结构由“主语+系动词+表语”构成,系动词主要是指be动词,其变形am, is, are的基本意思为“是”,用来说明某人的年龄、身份、身体状况等,在英语中起着非常重要的作用。

1.肯定句式为:主语+am/is/are+其他。

I am a student. 我是一名学生。(说明主语I的身份)

They are my friends.他们是我的朋友。

主语系动词表语

2.动词be的否定式就是在其后加not,且可以缩写为“isn’t,aren’t”,但是am与not不能缩写。

He is not a teacher. He isn’t a teacher. 他不是一名教师。

You are not Chinese. You aren’t Chinese. 你/你们不是中国人。

3. be动词的一般疑问句式是把be动词提至句首,第一个字母要大写,句末用问号。

This is a map. 这是一张地图。

Is this a map? 这是一张地图吗?

They are from Xinjiang. 他们来自新疆。

Are they from Xinjiang? 他们来自新疆吗?

语法专练

一、用be动词的适当形式填空。

1. I _______ a boy in Class Two.

2. Daming ______ my good friend.

3. _______ she a student?

4. Where ______ you from?

We _______ from England.

5. How _______ Tony and Betty?

They _______ fine.

二、句型转换。

1. He is in Class Four. (改为否定句)

He ________ in Class Four.

2. We are from England. (改为否定句)

We ________ from England.

3. I am from Beijing. (改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)

_______ ________ from Beijing?

_______, I _______ _________.

4. Daming is twelve years old. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)

_______ Daming twelve years old?

_______, he ______.

祈使句

1. 祈使句可用来表示命令、请求和建议等意义的句子。它的主语you通常省略,谓语动词用原形,表达的是将来的动作。句末用感叹号或句号。

Stand up, please. 请站起来。

Sit down! 坐下!

2. 为了表示委婉的语气,可在句首或句尾加上please,但please加在句尾时,前面要用逗号隔开。

Please put up your hands. 请举手。

Close your books, please. 请合上书。

3. 为了明确向对方提出请求或发出命令,可加称呼语,但称呼语要用逗号与句子隔开。

Open your books, boys and girls. 同学们打开你们的书。

Please listen to me, Lingling. 玲玲,请听我说。

基数词

1. 基数词就是用来表示数量的单词。英语中就基数词提问时,用how many。

How many boys are there in your class?你们班里有多少男生?

There are nineteen boys. 有19个男孩。

2. 基数词的书写。

①1~10:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten

②11~20: eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,

eighteen, nineteen, twenty

③整十:ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety

④其他数字:整十-个位数

twenty-two 22 forty-five 45 fifty-three 53

语法专练

一、用祈使句表达下面图片的内容。

1. 请写在黑板上。

__________________________________________

2. 举起你的手。

__________________________________________

3. 星期三我们一起去游泳吧。

__________________________________________

二、写出对应的英语数词。

8 _____________ 20 ____________

29 _____________ 46 ____________

12 _____________ 19 ____________

83 _____________ 94 ____________

特殊疑问句

1. 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词来引导。目前我们学过what, how, how many, how old, what colour等引导的一般疑问句。

What’s your name, pleasse? 请问你叫什么名字?

How are you? 你好吗?

How many boys are there? 这里有多少男孩?

How old are you? 你多大了?

What colour is the cat? 这只猫是什么颜色的?

2. 特殊疑问句的语序为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”,特殊疑问词在句中有两个作用:一是起引导作用,二是在句中担当一定的句子成分。

What’s your telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少?

How do you spell “pencil”? 你怎样拼写“pencil”?

What’s this in English? 这个用英语怎么说?

What class are you in? 你在哪个班?

语法专练

根据答语写出问句

1. _______________________________________

I t’s a map.

2. _______________________________________

I t’s black.

3. _______________________________________

I t’s C-L-A-S-S-R-O-O-M.

4. _______________________________________

I’m fine, thank you.

5. _______________________________________

I’m Mike.

6. _______________________________________

It’s 987654321.

7. _______________________________________

I’m in Class Three, Grade Seven.

8. _______________________________________

I’m twelve.

9. _______________________________________

There are 54 students in my class.

特殊疑问句

what引导的特殊疑问句,可以询问星期几,天气,最喜欢的体育运动,在几年级几班等等。

1. 特殊疑问词what day提问星期几。这是常用it来指代时间作主语,也可以用today, tomorrow等名词作主语。答语用It is…或Today/Tomorrow is…。

What day is it today? 今天星期几?

It is Monday. 今天星期一。

What day is it tomorrow? 明天星期几?

Tomorrow is Tuesday. 明天星期二。

2. 询问天气用Wha t’s the weather like?来提问,wha t’s是what is的缩写。根据句意表达需要,句型后可以加时间或地点状语,同时出现时间和地点时,一般先说地点后说时间。答语用it来指代天气。

What’s the weather like in Xi’an in summer? 夏天西安的天气怎么样?

I t’s hot. 天气很热。

3. What’s your favourite…? 用来提问“你最喜欢的……是……”,favourite 后跟名词。答语用It’s…或直接用名词作简略回答。

What’s your favourite day? 你最喜欢星期几?

Sunday. 星期天。

What’s your favourite animal? 你最喜欢的动物是什么?

It’s dog. 是狗。

语法专练

根据答语完成对话中的特殊疑问句。

1. _______ ______ ______ ______ today?

Today is Wednesday.

2. _______ ______ ______ ______ ?

I t’s yellow.

3. _______ ______ _______ ______ in summer?

Swimming.

4. _______ your favourite sport?

Basketball.

5. _______ ______ ______ ______ in autumn?

It’s cool.

Module 1 My classmates

be动词的用法

一、动词be作谓语时,和后面的表语一起构成系表结构,说明主语的身份、年龄、状态等。

1. 说明身份。

I’m your teacher and you’re my students. 我是你们的老师,你们是我的学生。

Tony and Betty are our friends. 托尼和贝蒂是我们的朋友。

2. 说明年龄。

I’m thirteen years old. 我13岁。

Emma is thirteen years old too. 艾玛也是13岁。

3. 说明状态。

We are in our classroom now. 我们现在在教师里。

Shanghai is a very big city. 上海是一个非常大的城市。

It’s nice to see you all here. 在这儿看到大家非常高兴。

二、be动词的常用句式。

1. 陈述句是“主语+be+表语+其他”;

She is a new student in my class. 她是我们班上新来的学生。

2. 一般疑问句把be提到主语之前,构成疑问句语序,即“Be+主语+其他”;

She is from England. 她来自英格兰。

Is she from England? 她来自英格兰吗?

I am from China. 我来自中国。

We are good friends. 我们是好朋友。

Are you good friends? 你们是好朋友吗?

3. 特殊疑问句是“特殊疑问词+be动词的一般疑问句”。

Where are you from? 你来自哪里?

语法专练

Tony: Hi, my name ______ Tony. What ______ your name?

Daming: Hi, Tony. I ______ Daming. Where ______ you from?

Tony: I’m from London. It ______ a very big city. This ______ Jack, and this

______

Betty. They ______ my friends.

Daming: It ______ nice to meet you, Jack and Betty.

Jack and Betty: Nice to meet you too. How old ______ you, Daming?

Daming: I’m twelve years old. What about you?

Tony: I ______ twelve years old too. Jack and Betty ______ thirteen years old.

this, these, that, those

1. this, that, these和those在英语中称作指示代词。this和that是单数,复数是these和those。指示代词含有方向性,用来指示或标识人或物。this, these 指较近的人或物,that, those指较远的人或物。

This is my family photo.

这是我的全家照。

That’s my pencil.

那是我的铅笔。

These are my parents.

这是我的父母。

Those are Uncle Paul’s son and daughter.

那是保罗叔叔的儿子和女儿。

2. 指示代的疑问句是把助动词提到指示代词之前,答语中this, that一般用it代替,these和those用they代替。

This is a farm. 这是一个农场。(肯定句)

Is this a farm? 这是一个农场吗?(一般疑问句)

Yes, it is. 是的,它是。(肯定回答)

No, it isn’t. 不,它不是。(否定回答)Array Those are my grandparents. 那是我的外祖父母。(肯定句)

Are those your grandparents?

Yes, they are. 是的,他们是。(肯定回答)

No, they aren’t. 不,他们不是。(否定回答)

3. 指示代词可以单独使用,也可修饰名词。

These are desks and those are chairs.

这些是桌子,那些是椅子。

These boys are from Class One. Those girls are from Class Two.

这些男孩来自一班。那些女孩来自二班。

语法专练

用this, that, these, those, they, it填空。

1. Look here. Wha t’s ________?

_______ is a photo of my family.

2. Can you see the man over there? Is ______ Lily’s father?

3. Are _______ your books in this bag?

No, _______ aren’t.

4. Are these boys from America?

Yes, _______ are.

5. Are ________ Uncle Paul’s son and daughter in that photo?

Yes, _______ are.

there be句型的用法

be动词后名词的单复数形式,注意be动词的单复数遵循就近原则,即第一个名词的单复数决定be动词的单复数。

There is some furniture and books in the library.

图书馆里有一些家具和书籍。

There are some books and furniture in the library.

图书馆里有一些书和家具。

语法专练

按要求完成下列题目。

1. There are some computers in the classroom.(改为否定句)

_______ ________ ________ ________ in the classroom.

2. There are some pictures on the wall. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)

_______ ________ ________ ________ on the wall?

_______, ________ _________.

_______, ________ _________.

3. There is a television and some computers in the computer room. (改为同义句)

_______ ________ ________ ________ and a television in the computer room.

4. There are six science labs in the science building. (对画线部分提问)

_______ ________ ________ ________ _________ in the science building?

介词或介词短语表示方位

一、英语中的介词或介词短语可以表示方位。介词又称前置词,它不能单独作句子的成分,必须与句词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语构成介词短词才能充当句子的成分。

1. at在(某地点):at the station 在车站at school 在学校

2. in在……上/里:in the playground 在操场上in the library 在图书馆里

3. on在……上:on the desk 在桌面上on the blackboard 在黑板上

4. near在附近:near the school gate 在学校大门附近near the hotel 在旅馆附近

5. behind在……后面:behind the building 在建筑物的后面behind the wall 在墙的后面

6. on the left/right 在左/右边

7. in front of 在……前面(不在物体范围内)

The library is in front of the science building. 图书馆在科学楼的前面。

8. in the front of(在物体范围内)

The teacher’s desk is in the front of the classroom.

老师的讲桌在教室的前面。

9. in the middle of在……中间

The playground is in the middle of the school.

操场在学校的中间。

10. between在……之间between…and…在……和……之间

The library is between the dining hall and the science lab.

图书馆在餐厅和科学实验室之间。

二、介词短语在句中的作用:

1. 修饰名词,位于名词的后面,翻译时常根据汉语习惯放在名词前。

The building on the left is the sports hall.

左边的建筑物是体育馆。

2. 位于be动词的后面,说明主语所处的位置。

The sports hall is on the left. 体育馆在左边。

3. 修饰动词,说明动作发生的地点。

Write it on the left. 把它写在左边。

语法专练

1. Is Tony _______ Tom’s right?

Yes. Tom is ________ the left _______ Tony.

2. Is the library ________ the sports hall?

No, it’s in front of it.

3. Where is the library?

I t’s _______ the school gate.

4. The office building is ________ the library and the science building.

5. Let’s put up some pictures ________ the wall.

6. There are many people ________ the station.

Module 4 Healthy food

have/has got的用法

1. have/has got 的用法。

have/has got意为“有,拥有”,用于口语中,同have/has。第三人称单数用has,其他人称用have。肯定句句型为“主语+have/has got +名词或代词”,变疑问句时把have/has提到主语之前;变否定句时,在have/has后加not。答语中使用助动词have/has来回答。助动词have/has可以和主语构成缩写形式,也可以和not构成缩写形式haven’t或hasn’t。

We have got some meat in the fridge. (= We’ve got some meat in the fridge.)

我们冰箱里还有些肉。

She has got some chocolate. (肯定句)

她有一些巧克力。

She hasn’t got any chocolate. (否定句)

她没有巧克力。

Has she got any chocolate? (一般疑问句)

她有一些巧克力吗?

Yes, she has. 是的,她有。

No, she hasn’t. 不,她没有。

2. have/has got与there be句型。

两者民“有”相关,have/has got表示“拥有,有”,即一种所属关系,主语通常是人或机构、组织等;there be句型的“有”表示某地有某物或某人,强调的是一种客观存在,主语是there be句型后的名词或代词。

Tony has got two basketballs.

托尼有两个篮球。

There are two basketballs behind the door.

门后面有两个篮球。

注意:表示机构或组织“有”时,there be句型或have/has got有时可以通用。

Our school has a large playground. 我们学校有一个大操场。

There is a large playground in our school. 我们学校里有一个大操场。

语法专练

句型转换

1. She has got some chocolate. (改为否定句)

She _______ _______ ________ chocolate.

2. I have got some rice for meals everyday. (改为一般疑问句并做否定回答)

________ ________ _________ ________ rice for meals every day?

________, ________ ________.

3. Our school has six buildings. (改为同义句)

_______ ________ _________ ________ in our school.

some, any的用法

some表达的是一个确定的概念,表示“一些”,因此常用于肯定句中;当我们不知道是否有某物/人时,用any。any常用于疑问句或否定句中,强调“任何”。some, any既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。

We’ve got some noodles for breakfast.

我们早餐吃面条。

Have you got any noodles for breakfast?

你早餐吃面条了吗?

There isn’t any furniture in the new house.

在新房里没有任何的家具。

注意:some用于疑问句时,是说话者持肯定的语气,希望得到肯定的回答;any用于肯定句时,起强调作用,表示“任何”。

The fish is delicious. Would you like some?

这鱼很可口。你想要一些吗?

Any time is OK. I’m free.

任何时间都行,我有空。

语法专练

用some和any填空。

1. Are there _______ maps on the wall?

Yes, there are.

2. Have you got ______ uncles?

Yes, and I have got _______ aunts too.

3. There is ______ meat and fish for lunch.

4. We haven’t got _______ beef. Let’s buy _______.

5. Is there ________ cheese?

No, there isn’t _______.

可数句词与不可数名词

一、名词的分类。

英语名词与汉语名词不同,有可数和不可数之分。

有些物质名词和抽象名词如water水,milk牛奶,meat肉,rice米饭,time 时间,work工作等,属于不可数名词,即无法用具体的数词来修饰;

有些名词是可数名词,如boy男孩,girl女孩,student学生,desk桌子,potato 土豆,building建筑物等,可加具体的数词来修饰,如two boys两个男孩,some buildings一些建筑物等。

二、常见的可数名词单数变复数的规则

单数变复数分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。

foot-feet脚,tooth-teeth牙齿等,还有Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人,sheep 羊等单复数同形。

语法专练

用所有单词的适当形式填空。

1. There ______(be) some _________ (potato) and _________ (tomato) here.

2. Where _______(be) the milk? I want some _______ (milk) with ______ (sugar).

3. Many ________ (child) like cola. But cola and ice cream ______ (be) not healthy.

4. There _______ (be) meat and fish for dinner. Meat and fish _______ (be) healthy.

5. What have we got at home?

We’ve got lots of _______ (fruit) and __________ (vegetable).

6. How many _________ (woman) teachers are there in your school?

7. I want to eat ________ (noodle) with some _______ egg.

8. Some sweet food _______ (be) not good for your ________ (teeth).

Module 5 My school Day

行为动词的一般现在时

1. 行为动词也叫实义动词,即具有明确动作意义的动词。和系动词be不一样,行为动词在句中可以独立作谓语。而系动词be要和后面的的表语一起构成系表结构作谓语。

We are all busy on weekdays. 我们在工作日都很忙。

Lingling’s mother works at the theatre 玲玲的妈妈在剧院工作。

I do my homework after super and go to bed at ten o’clock.

晚饭后我做作业,在10点钟上床睡觉。

2. 行为动词分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词后面跟宾语,即动作的对象。不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语。

(1)后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb,缩写vt.)

We start lessons at half past one in the afternoon.

我们下午1点半开始上课。

How long can I keep the book?

这本书我可以借多久呢?

(2)本身意义完整,后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb,缩写vi.)。若不及物动词后要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at等后方可跟上宾语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得联系动词短语了。

Birds can fly. 小鸟会飞。

Many people wait at the station. 许多人在车站等候。

Please listen to me. 请听我说。

3. 英语中经常反复发生的动作用一般现在时态。行为动词一般现在时的疑问句或否定句要借助于助动词do/does来构成。第三人称单数用does。变成疑问句时把do/does提前;变否定句时,在do/does后面加not,可以缩写为don’t/doesn’t。

I have breakfast at 7 o’clock. (肯定句)

我早上七点吃早餐。

I don’t have breakfast at 7 o’clock. (否定句)

我不是早上七点吃早餐。

Do you have breakfast at 7 o’clock? (一般疑问句)

你是早上七点吃早餐吗?

Yes, I do. 是的,我是。

No, I don’t. 不,我不是。

She goes to school today. (肯定句)

今天她去学校。

She doesn’t go to school today. (否定句)

今天她不去学校。

Does she go to school today? (一般疑问句)

今天她去学校吗?

Yes, she does. 是的,她去。

No, she doesn’t. 不,她不去。

语法专练

按要求完成下列各题。

1. I do my homework in the evening. (改为一般疑问句)

________ _________ _________ _________ _________ in the evening?

2. They play football in the playground in the morning. (改为否定句)

________ _________ _________ _________ in the playground in the morning.

3. We go to school at half past one. (对画线的部分提问)

_______________________________________________________________

4. Do you start work at eight o’clock? (作出肯定和否定回答)

________, _______ ________.

________, _______ ________.

时间表达法

1. 表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的o’clock。

5:00 读作five o’clock 或five

2. 表示“几点过几分”,在分钟后加past,再加小时(用于不超过半点时)。

6:07 读作seven past six 六点过七分

8:10 读作ten past eight 八点过十分

7:30 读作half past seven 七点半

9:15 读作a quarter past nine 九点过一刻

3. 表示“几点差几分”,在分钟后面加to,再加小时(用于超过半点时)。

7:50 读作ten to seven 差十分钟八点

11:55 读作five to twelve 差五分钟十二点

10:45读作a quarter to eleven 差十五分钟十一点

4. 直接表达法。以小时、分钟为单位分别读出数学。数字“0”读作字字母“O”,而不是zero。

6:31 读作six thirty-one

10:26 读作ten twenty-six

14:03 读作fourteen o three

语法专练

用at,to,past写出下列时间

1. 4:00 ___________________

2. 6:20 ___________________

3. 8:30 ___________________

4. 10:50 ___________________

5. 7:45 ___________________

Module 6 A trip to the zoo

行为动词一般现在时第三人称单数的各种句式

1. 否定句式。

行为动词一般现在时第三人称单数的否定句式是在动词前加does not构成,可以缩写成doesn’t。后跟动词原形。即:主语+doesn’t+动词原形+其他。

The elephant doesn’t eat meat. 大象不吃肉。

She doesn’t like hamburgers. 她不喜欢吃汉堡包。

2. 疑问句式。

行为动词一般现在时第三人称单数变为疑问句时,在句首加助动词does构成,后跟动词原形。即:Does +主语+动词原形+其他。其简略回答形式用“Yes, 主语+助动词does”或“No, 主语+助动词does+not”。

Does the elephant eat plants? 大象吃植物吗?

Yes, it does. 是的,它吃。

No, it doesn’t. 不,它不吃。

注意:在以have 或has为主要动词的句子中,可以直接将动词have或has 提前放于句首构成一般疑问句,也可以在句首加动词do或does构成,have或has一律用原形have。

The zoo has got many kinds of animals.

这个动物园里有很多种动物。

Has the zoo got many kinds of animals?

这个动物园里有很多种动物吗?

Does the zoo have got many kinds of animals?

这个动物园里有很多种动物吗?

语法专练

一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. ________(do) pandas _________ (come) from China?

2. He _________(watch) TV in the evening.

3. _______(do) the monkey ________(eat) bananas?

4. _______(do) he ________(have) an MP3?

5. _______(be) the tiger good at swimming?

6. The elephant ________(not eat) meat.

二、句型转换,每空一词。

1. The monkey eats meat. (改为一般疑问句并作回答)________ the monkey _________ meat?

________, _________ _________.

2. He has got a big family. (改为一般疑问句)

________ he got a big family?

3. The panda doesn’t have much food. (改为肯定句)The panda _________ much food.

4. Monkeys like swimming. (改为一般疑问句)

_________ monkeys _________ swimming?

5. My sister likes the zebra. (改为否定句)

My sister ________ like the zebra.

Module 7 Computers

行为动词的特殊疑问句

行为动词用于特殊疑问句有两种结构形式:陈述句句型和疑问句句型。

1. 陈述句句型包括两种情况:

(1)特殊疑问词作句子主语,这些特殊疑问词多是疑问代词,如:who, what, which, whose等。

Who shares a computer with his parents?

谁和他们的父母共用一台

Who sends you emails?

谁给你发电子邮件?

(2)特殊疑问词作修饰主语的定语,这类特殊疑问词有:what, which, whose 等。

Which one of you uses the computer to play computer games?

你们当中哪一个用电脑玩游戏?

What colours make you happy?

哪些颜色使你开心?

2. 疑问句句型结构是“疑问词+一般疑问句的语序”。

Who do you want to talk with?

你想跟谁谈话?

When do you go to school?

你什么时候去上学。

Where does she come from?

她来自哪里?

语法专练

按要求改写下列句子。

1. We play football after school every day. (对画线部分提问)

________ ________ ________ play football?

2. My brother checks emails on the computer. (对画线部分提问)

________ ________ emails on the computer.

3. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________? (根据答语写出问句)

I eat some healthy food for breakfast.

4. They send ten emails every day. (对画线部分提问)

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ every day?

5. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________? (根据答语写出问句)

My father shares the computer with me.

Module 8 Choosing presents

频度副词的用法

一、行为动词的一般现在时常和表示频率的副词连用,英语中usually , sometimes, always, often, never等词被称为“频度副词”,是用来表示动作频率的,但在程度上有差别。一般来说可按频率大小排列:

always(总是)>usually(常常)>often(经常)>sometimes(有时)

>seldom(很少)>never(从不)

二、频度副度在句中的位置。

1.在be动词之后。

Boys are always good at playing computer games.

男孩子们总是擅长玩电脑游戏。

2.在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。

He doesn’t often go on the Internet.

他不经常上网。

3.在实义动词之前。

My uncle often talks to customers on the computer.

我叔叔经常在电脑上和客户交谈。

4.Sometimes可放在句首、句中或句末,often也可放在句末。

Sometimes Jim writes to me. = Jim writes to me often.

有时吉姆会给我写信。

语法专练

一、把括号中的频度副词放到句中适当的位置。

1.Betty is good at English. (always)

____________________________________________________

2.Some food is good for us. (never)

____________________________________________________

3.We don’t play computer games. (often)

____________________________________________________

4.Mike goes to the park. (sometimes)

____________________________________________________

5.We give him a birthday card. (usually)

____________________________________________________

二、用usually, sometimes, never, often完成下列对话。

Tom: Hi, Bill. What do you usually do on weekends?

Bill: 1._________ do my homework, 2._________ I watch TV. But I

3._________ help my mother with the housework, so she always complains(抱怨)about it. What about you?

Tom: I 4._________ do the housework, too. I think we must learn from Kate. She 5.________ helps her mother with many things.

Bill: Does his father often help them?

Tom: No, he doesn’t 6.________ come back home. He works in another(另一个)city.

Module 9 People and places

动词的现在进行时态

英语中动词和汉语中的动词不同,英语中动词有单复数、时态等方面的变化。根据动词发生的时间不同有不同的时态。

一、现在进行时的构成

1. 现在进行时由“be+动词的现在分词”构成。Be为助动词,本身无意义,与主语的人称和数保持一致。变疑问句时把助动词be提到主语之前,变否定句时在be后加not。

I am sending an email to the Internet. (陈述句)

我在网上发电子邮件。

Are you sending an email on Internet? (疑问句)

你在网上发电子邮件吗?

I am not sending an email on the Internet. (否定句)

我不在网上发电子邮件。

2.现在分词的构成规则:

1. 表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,常与now(现在),at the present(现在),at the moment(此时此刻)等时间状语连用。

I am buying some postcards now.

我正在买一些明信片。

Lily and Lucy are enjoying the sun on the Great Wall at the moment.

莉莉和露西正在长城上享受阳光。

2. 表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作,常与today(今天),this week(这个星期),this year(今年)等时间状语连用。

We are working in a factory these days.

这几天我们在一家工厂工作。

Mr. Wang is writing a book this year.

今年王先生在写一本书。

3. 句中没有时间状语,通过上下文暗示用动词的现在进行时态。

(1)通过祈使句暗示。

Look! What are they doing?

看!他们正在做什么?

Listen! A bird is singing in the tree.

听!树上有只小鸟在唱歌。

(2)通过陈述句暗示。

It’s five o’clock. People are going home from work.

5点钟了。人们正在下班回家。

I’m watching TV and my father is reading a newspaper.

我在看电视,我爸爸在看报纸。

(3)通过特殊疑问句暗示。

Where are Daming and Lingling?

大明和玲玲在哪里?

They are reading books in the library.

他们在图书馆看书。

语法专练

一、写出下列动词的现在分词。

1. eat ________

2. have ________

3. sing ________

4. swim _________

5. wash _________

6. lie ________

7. run __________ 8. dance __________ 9. take _________

二、用所给动词的正确时态填空。

1. Her mother __________(make) a birthday cake at the moment.

2. We __________(have) our lessons now.

3. When __________(do) you usually _________(go) to school?

At half past seven. I ___________(leave) home right now.

4.Where’s Betty?

She __________(call) her parents.

5. Look! Some people ___________(run) for a bus.

6. _________(do) you _________(have) a good time at school?

Yes, we do. We enjoy ourselves.

7.I _________(do) my homework at night. It’s 9 pm. I ________(do) it.

8. __________(listen) to them. They __________(talk) about the plan for holidays.

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