马克吐温
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Mark Twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemens
(1835—1910)
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Pre-text questions
●What do you know about Mark Twain?
●How did the name “Mark Twain”come from?
● 3. Have you read any works of Mark Twain? What do you
●know about his writing?
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●Suggested answer 1
Everyone is a moon, and has a dark side which he never shows to anybody.
每个人都像月亮，有着从来不让任何人看见的黑暗面。
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Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see.
善良是一种聋子能听见、盲人能看见的语言。
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The man who doesn’t read good books has no advantage over the man who can’t read them. 同不能读书的人相比，不读好书的人没有一点优势。
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A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is still putting on its shoes.
真理还在穿鞋的时候，谎言已经走遍了半个世界。
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●In my opinion, Mark Twain was the first truly American
●writer, and all of us since are his heirs.
●—William Faulkner
●All modern American literature comes after his works.
●—Hemingway
●“the Lincoln of our literature.”
●—W. D. Howells
●Mark Twain gave pleasure –real intellectual enjoyment –
●to millions, and his works will continue to give such pleasure
●to millions yet to come... His humor was American, but he was
●nearly as much appreciated by Englishmen and people of
●other countries as by his own countrymen. He has made an
●enduring part of American literature.
—President William Howard Taft
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The Chinese people are familiar with this writer because he was merciless in depicting the dark side of the American
society and because he stood firmly on the side of the Chinese
in their struggle against foreign invasions.
Which essay?
Their essay “To the Person Sitting in Darkness” (1901) is a response to the Boxer rebellion in China. It is a scathing
political attack against imperialism.
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Suggested answer 2 &3
●Twain's real name was Samuel Clemens. "Mark Twain",
●which Means “watermark two", was a call used by sailors on
●the Mississippi to warn shipmates that they were coming into
●shallow water.
●Running for Governor
●The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
●The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
●The Million Pound Note
●The Prince and the Pauper
The Gilded Age
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Mark Twain and the Mississippi Mark Twain loved the great river so much that he always
went in the direction of the nearby Mississippi. Many of his
great works are set in the background of the Mississippi
River, such as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, and Life on the Mississippi.
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Twain with His Wife
●我是爱你的,倘使我失去你,那我的热情将
追随着你而去,我的心灵将永远成为一片毫无生气的废墟。
I love you, if I lose you, that my enthusiasm will
walk with you, my heart will always be a lifeless
ruins.
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His Marriage
●At 34 years old, he married Olivia Langdon Clemens;
●Daughter of a New York coal magnate, a member of the ●country’s wealthy elite.
●Partner, editor, and fellow traveler in success and failure ●until Olivia's death in 1904 years.
●184 pieces of love letters to his wife.
●Three daughters: Susy, Clara, and Jean.
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Twain with His Family
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Early life experience
●Born in a little town in Mississippi (The sixth of seven
●children not a healthy baby).
●Caused much trouble for his parents. (play jokes on friends
●and neighbors; didn't like to go to school; ran away from home)
●At 11, he lost his father
●At 13, he stopped schooling
●Tramp printer
●Steamboat pilot on the Mississippi
●Confederate guerrilla
●Prospector
●Reporter on the far western frontier
Travel abroad
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Died at six years old
Died at ten years old
Died at six months
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In His Middle Ages
By 1900 Twain had become America’s
foremost celebrity. He was invited to attend ship
launchings, anniversary gatherings, political conventions,
and countless dinners.
Reporters met him at every port of
call, anxious to print a new quip from the famous humorist.
To enhance his image, he took to wearing white suits and
loved to stroll down the street and see people staring at him.
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His Later Life
● There are many tragic events in his later life:
●the failure of his investments (investing largely on a new type-
●setting machine and became bankrupt), his fatiguing travels and
●lectures in order to pay off his debts;
● the death of his wife and two daughters which left him
●absolutely inconsolable.
●Some critics link these tragic events with the change of style
●in his later works, from an optimist and humorist to an almost
despairing determinist.
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●Illness: deep depression
●(began in1896 when
●his daughter Susy died)
●Death: died of a heart attack
●on April 21, 1910, in
●Redding, Connecticut
（美国康乃迪克州)
The whole world is
mourning
●Funeral: at the "Old Brick"
●Presbyterian（长老会）Church
●in New York
●Buried at Woodlawn
Cemetery
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He observed the ways of the world changes, but what is the truth.
他观察着世界的变化，但讲述的却是人间的真理。
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His Works
●With the publication of The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, in 1865 Twain
became nationally famous.
●Much of Twain's best work was written in the 1870s and 1880s in Hartford or during the
summers at Quarry Farm, near Elmira, New York.
●Twain's works: The first stage: lively; The second stage:
●full of acid and satirical sense; The third stage: pessimistic
and cynic.
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The Celebrated Jumping
Frog of Calaveras County
The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras
County
Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog
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Summary
At the request of a friend, the narrator speaks with Simon Wheeler in order to ask after a man named Leonidas W. Smiley. Instead of giving the narrator the information that he asks for, Wheeler launches into a tall tale about a man named Jim Smiley.
The story goes something like this: Jim Smiley was a man who would bet on anything. He turned a frog into a pet and bet a stranger that his frog, Dan’l Webster, could jump higher than any other frog. While Smiley wasn't looking, the stranger filled Dan’l Webster with quail shot, and Smiley lost the bet. Before he could figure out what happened, the stranger disappeared with the $40 he won by cheating.
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Plot
● A cultured Easterner relates his recent visit to a talkative old ●m a n a t a w e s t e r n m i n i n g c a m p.R a t h e r t h a n p r o v i d i n g ●i n f o r m a t i o n t h a t t h e E a s t e r n e r i s l o o k i n g f o r,t h e o l d m a n ●k e e p s h i m w a i t i n g w h i l e h e s p i n s a t a l e a b o u t a b e t t i n g m a n and his pet frog.
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● Jim Smiley was addicted to gambling. He bet on anything
●from the death of Parson Walker's wife to fights between his
bulldog pup, Andrew Jackson, and other dogs.
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One day a stranger to the town agreed to bet on a frog
jumping higher than Jim's frog, Daniel Webster. When Jim
wasn't looking the stranger poured a quail shot into Daniel
Webster's mouth making it impossible for him to jump at all.
The stranger won the $40 bet and escaped before Jim realized
the con.
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Different layers of structure
1.2.3.4.
Smiley’s story
Wheeler’s story
My story
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Complex structure
C
B
A
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Allusion
●The dog was named for Andrew Jackson, a westerner and
●the seventh president of the United States. He was a war hero
●known for his determination and strong will, was a strong
●believer in democracy and the rights of the “common”people.
●The frog was named for Daniel Webster, an attorney
●who became one of the leading American statesmen.
●He ran unsuccessfully for president three times and was
●known for being a very good narrator.
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Analysis
●Central to the story is the idea of conflicting cultures,
●particularly the clash between the settled, eastern portion of
●the United States and the still-developing West.
●The story appears at first glance to be a simple, humorous
●story, but actually is a complex satire of American literature, social conventions, and politics.
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The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
a story of his seeking for freedom, fame, fortune, love, manhood. The novel reveals the American values: one is hero complex, the other is American dream. His adventures is the realization of American dream. On the other hand, the book
record the rising Age of American Bourgeois system. It also
bears the irony and satire toward the religion and by-then
popular rigid, didactic children education, which curbed the
imagination of children and their innate nature for freedom
and adventures and molded them into a stereotype of lifeless
man.
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The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
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Summary
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a novel about a young
boy growing up along the Mississippi River in1876. Tom lives
with his Aunt Polly, his dead mother’s sister, Tom is a
naughty boy who likes making tricks on others but also warm-
hearted. He is tired of the monotony life in class. He dreams of
having a fresh exciting life and exploring. By a chance Tom
and his friend, Huck Finn, saw murder of Dr. Robinson by
Injun Joe during a grave robbing attempt. Tom discloses Joe’s
guilty and finds a box of gold which is buried by Joe and
finally they become heroes in the town.
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《汤姆?索亚历险记》描写了十九世纪密西西河畔一个小
镇人民的生活,可以说是当时美国社会生活的一个缩影。
本书的小主人公汤姆?索亚是一个成长中的孩子,他调皮,
喜欢恶作剧；却又善良可爱乐于助人。他讨厌教堂里老师
干巴巴的说教,他不喜欢整天在学校里干燥无味的生活,他
向往成为绿林好汉,他希望加入海盗,过新鲜刺激的生活。
一天，他约好朋友哈克夜间去坟场玩耍，目睹伊江杀人的
惨案，经思想斗争揭发了伊江的罪恶。伊江企图杀害汤
姆，结果失足坠入深谷而死。汤姆和哈克发现了伊江埋的
一箱金子，两人平分，都成了富翁.
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Contents
Tom Sawyer lives with his Aunt Polly and his half-brother Sid. After playing hooky from school on Friday and dirtying his clothes in a fight, Tom is made to whitewash the fence as punishment on Saturday. He cleverly persuades his friends to trade him small treasures for doing his work.
Tom falls in love with Becky, a new girl in town, and persuades her to get "engaged" by kissing him. Becky kisses Tom, but their romance damaged when she learns that Tom has been "engaged" to a girl named Amy.
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Tom accompanies Huck to the graveyard at night to try out a "cure" for warts with a dead cat. At the graveyard, they witness the murder of young Dr. Robinson by the Native-American Joe. Tom and Huck run away and swear not to tell anyone what they have seen. Joe frames his companion, Potter, for the crime.
Potter is wrongfully arrested, and Tom's anxiety and guilt begin to grow. So Tom hardly had a good sleep, later he and Hack give some small gifts to Potter to ease his guilty.
Tom, Joe and Huck make a decision to an uninhabited island, and to be privates. And the people on the village think they were died, but days later they back home.
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Tom overcomed by guilt and testifies against Joe. Potter is acquitted, but Joe flees through a window.
Tom and Huck see Joe enter the house with a “deaf ”, they plan to bury some stolen treasure of their own. Tom and Huck want to dig it up.
Huck begins to shadow Joe every night, and Tom goes on a picnic to a Cave with Becky and their classmates. That night,Tom and Becky got loss in the cave,and met with Joe,and at last made him got the retribution.
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Tom and Huck find the box of gold, and the Widow adopts Huck.They become hero of the town. Then they lived a happy life.
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Splendid Section
● The betrothal ceremony of Tom and Becky in the
●Classroom.
● Tom and Huck witness Indian Joe murder Dr.Robinson and
●charge Muff Potter the murderer.
● Tom, Huck and Joe Harper dream of being pirates and go
●to a small island in the Mississippi River.
●The bravery of Huck rescues "the Widow Douglas"
● On the picnic, Tom and Bceky are lost in the cave, but
●they come out with Tom's intelligence.
● Tom and Huck find the treasure of Indian Joe to be rich.
Tom Sawyer
●The novel’s protagonist. Tom is a mischievous boy with an
●active imagination who spends most of the novel getting
●himself, and often his friends, into and out of trouble. Despite
●his mischief, Tom has a good heart and a strong moral
●conscience. As the novel progresses, he begins to take more
●seriously the responsibilities of his role as a leader among
●his schoolfellows.
● 1 optimistic and courageous
● 2 intelligent and imaginary
● 3 warm-hearted and loyal
● 4 mischievous and innocent
● 5 adventurous and brave
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●D i s c u s s i o n s
What’s your opinion of the hero in this story?
●？？
●？
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Tom in my eyes
In the world, nobody is perfect, everyone has this weakness or that defect. Just like Tom Sawyer, this character
has his own outstanding features and shortcomings, which
makes this character more convincible. When we like this person, we accept all of his goodness and bad traits. So there is no need for us to be perfect, we just keep our advantages and
try our best to overcome the bad habits. Just like this, we are ourselves, we are the best.
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But at the same time, I find Tom’s bravery and courageous,
he never escapes to face the trouble and danger. He can deal
with the problems calmly and wisely.
So we have to be stronger than the danger and what we
scared.
Only when we can face my trouble, will it be possible to
solve problems and overcome my shortcomings.
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♂He is smart, yet stupid, also cruel, yet caring. He is a strong boy, but he also has fears.
♂He was bored with his civilized life and he is a typical boy of his time.
♂He has a good knowledge about human behavior and knows how to use it. He persuades other boys to do his work for him for free.
♂Tom starts out acting childish and irresponsible and ends up acting more mature and responsible.
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♂ He becomes more mature, the most important example of Tom's maturation is the story of Joe. He learned the ability to consider the feelings of others even an evil person like Joe.
♂ From Tom Sawyer we could see the dream everyone dreamed in childhood. Mark Twain made this become truth in this work. It told us dreams are the most important thing in our life. And if we stick to what we want, the beautiful dream will come true. We could build a life more interesting and graceful than Tom sawyer.
¤So this book is suitable for each age group to read.
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♀We must not allow dogmatism shackles of our mind; just keep an adventurous heart, to challenging ourselves.
♀In any case, we do not easily give up our hope, we should have the courage to face anything.
♀We should make good use of our strengths to help others, and having one's own pursuit.
♀Maturity is to learn to care for others, and has a sense of responsibility.
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♀We have the rules of ourselves, we needn’t to follow other’s footsteps, and to be ourselves is the most important thing.
♀ We live not just for ourselves, so we should care about other’s feeling, don’t hurt those people who love us.
♀ He gets away from home and experienced a lot, it’s irresponsible. But later he knows what is love and care about other’s feeling, even the bad guy’s feeling. Whatever we do, we should be mature, because we are not children any longer.
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The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
(1884)
Introduction
●The sequel to Tom Sawyer
●Considered Twain's masterpiece.
●All modern literature comes from one
●book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry
●Finn.
--Ernest Hemingway
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Summary
M a r k T w a i n’s m a s t e r p i e c e:t e l l s t h e s t o r y o f a t e e n a g e m i s f i t w h o f i n d s h i m s e l f f l o a t i n g o n a r a f t d o w n t h e M i s s i s s i p p i R i v e r w i t h a n e s c a p i n g s l a v e?J i m.I n t h e c o u r s e o f t h e i r p e r i l o u s j o u r n e y?H u c k a n d J i m m e e t w i t h a d v e n t u r e?d a n g e r?a n d a c a s t o f c h a r a c t e r s w h o a r e s o m e t i m e s m e n a c i n g a n d o f t e n h i l a r i o u s.A l t h o u g h t h e s t o r y w a s m o s t l y w r i t t e n i n t h e1880s?i t i s s e t i n t h e t i m e o f s l a v e r y p r i o r t o t h e C i v i l W a r.T w a i n u s e s H u c k’s p r e d i c a m e n t s t o i l l u s t r a t e t h e f a i l u r e o f r e c o n s t r u c t i o n i n t h e p o s t-C i v i l W a r S o u t h. 幻灯片53
Other works
●The Gilded Age: A Tale of To-day (1873) This novel is about the post-Civil War
boom years in the south called Reconstruction. It satirizes the greed and selfishness in the speculative exploitation of public resources during the administration of Grant.
●The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894) a novel set in the South before the Civil
War that criticizes racism and the disastrous effects of slavery on the victimizer and the victim alike. It reveals to us a Mark Twain whose conscience as a white southerner was tormented by fear and remorse.
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●The Innocents Abroad (or The New Pilgrim’s Progress)(1869) Mark Twain’s account
? adapted from his own newspaper reports? of his adventures traveling through Europe and the Middle East with other Americans. Throughout the book? Twain lampoons讽刺 the meeting of these pilgrims from the New World? filled with a
pretentious reverence and awe? with the hallowed culture of the Old World? often represented by Twain as not equaling its reputation
●Roughing It (1873) (艰难生涯）recounts his early adventures as a miner and
journalist in a jocular, often scoffing way/ a “nonfiction novel,”: a novel that employs the conventions of fiction to tell a true story / New journalism 新新闻体：以报导者主观的反应为特点的新闻学,常含有虚构成分
●Life on the Mississippi (1883) （密西西比河上的生活）combines an
autobiographical account of his experiences as a river pilot with a visit to the Mississippi nearly two decades after he left it;
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The Prince and the Pauper (1882)（王子与贫儿), a children's book, focuses on switched identities in Tudor England (1485-1603). It is a carefully structured historical romance with many humorous situations.
● A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur‘s Court （在亚瑟王朝
●廷中的康涅狄格州美国人）(1889) satirizes oppression, cruelty,
●aristocracy and feudalism in Arthurian England(6th century). It
●is a parable of colonialization. A representative of modern
●technology and ideas came to a historically backward feudal
●society and offered to develop the Arthurian world and rid it
●of superstition, however, he destroyed rather than modernized
●it.
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●The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg (1900) 《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》is an
ingeniously plotted parable of a town proud of its reputation for honesty with the motto “Lead Us Not Into Temptation.” However, the citizens surrender to a stranger’s temptation of gold, and in the end Hadleyburg changes to a new name and revises its motto to “Lead Us Into Temptation.” In the novel, his obsessive vision of humanity as greedy, oafish, hypocritical, cruel and predatory was wholly apparent.
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Writing style
●humor /satire/ Hyperbole
●Colloquial language &vernacular language
●Local colorism
●Words and structures (simple/direct)
●American themes
Reflecting realities
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Mark Twain’s Writing Features is of witty remarks mocking at small things and making people laugh
humour
is a kind of artistic style used to criticize the social injustice
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Hyperbole
●有一个猎人，受到熊和糜的夹攻，向岩石尖端开了一枪，子弹裂成两半，同时将两野兽
杀死，岩石碎片还把近处树上的一个松鼠打了下来。猎人本来站在河边，枪的後坐力把他抛到河里，等他从水里爬了上来，发现浑身上下全都装满了鱼。
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Hyperbole
●"If he even seen a straddle bug start to go anywhere, he
●would bet you how long it would take him to get to--to
●wherever he going to, and if you took him up, he would foller
●that straddle bug to Mexico but what he would find out where
he was bound for and how long he was on the road."
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● It was mark Twain who made colloquial speech an accepted,
●respectable literary medium in the literary history of the
●country. His success in creating this plain but evocative
●language precipitated the end of American reverence for
●British and European culture.
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represented social life through portraits of local places which he knew best drew from his own rich fund of knowledge of people and places
local colour
tall tales (highly exaggerated)
a texture of most local color literature，a kind of humor
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Mark Twain was the first truly American writer, and all of us since are his heirs, who descended from him."
words
sentence & structures
simp1e, even ungrammatical
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●Twain's work was inspired by the unconventional West and the popularity of his work
marked the end of the domination of American Literature by New England writers.
His adherence to American themes, settings, and language set him apart from many other novelists of the day and had a powerful effect on such later American writers as Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner, both of whom pointed to Twain as an inspiration for their own writing.
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●All his life Mark Twain loved life and people, and freedom
●and justice, felt a pride in human dignity and advocated
●brotherhood of man.
●
●He hated tyranny and iniquity, despised meanness and
●cruelty, and took his role as a social critic in a serous and
●responsible manner.
●His writings, novels, letters, notebooks and pamphlets,
●and all included, touch upon almost every issue of his time
●such as politics, religion, capital and labor, slavery, U.S.
●imperialism abroad, and the persecution of the Chinese and
●the Jews.
马克吐温名言100句
马克吐温名言100句 马克吐温名言100句 马克吐温名言精选（一）： 1。A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is still putting on its shoes。 真理还在穿鞋的时候，谎言就走遍了半个世界。 2。If you pick up a starving dog and make him prosperous，he will not bite you。This is the principal difference between a dog and a man。 如果你收养了一只饥饿的狗，并且让它过上了舒服的日子，它将不会咬你。这便是狗与人最主要的区别。
3。Habit is habit，and not to be flung out of the window by any man，but coaxed downstairs a step at a time。 习惯就是习惯，谁也不能将其一下子扔出窗外，只能一步一步地引下楼。 4。Wrinkles should merely indicate where smiles have been。 皱纹应当只是微笑留下的印记。 5。The best way to cheer yourself up is to try to cheer somebody else up。 让自我高兴起来的最好办法就是设法让别人高兴起来。
6。There are basically two types of people。People who acplish things，and people who claim to have acplished things。The first group is less crowded。 世界上主要有两类人。第一类人有所成就，第二类人号称自我有所成就。第一类人不如第二类人那么多。 7。I was seldom able to see an opportunity until it had ceased to be one。 我总是等机会错过了才发现我曾有过机会。 8。Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see。 善良是一种聋子能听见、盲人能看见的语言。
马克吐温生前说过的至理名言
马克·吐温生前说过的至理名言 Life would be infinitely happier if we could only be born at the age of eighty and gradually approach eighteen. 如果我们能在80岁的时候出生，然后慢慢走向18岁，那生活将会幸福无比。 Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn’t do tha n by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover. 20年后，让你觉得更失望的不是你做过的事情，而是你没有做过的事情。所以，解开帆索，从安全的港湾里扬帆出行吧。乘着信风，去探索，去梦想，去发现！ Everyone is a moon, and has a dark side which he never shows to anybody. · 每个人都像月亮，有着从来不让任何人看见的黑暗面。 Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, but the really great make you feel that you, too, can become great. 远离那些企图让你丧失雄心的人吧。小人经常如此，而真正的伟人会让你觉得你也可以变得伟大。 Don’t go around saying the world owes you a living. The world owes you nothing. It was here first. 别到处说世界亏欠了你。世界什么都不欠你的，你还没出生它就在这儿了。 If you pick up a starving dog and make him prosperous, he will not bite you. This is the principal difference between a dog and a man. 如果你收养了一只饥饿的狗，并且让它过上了舒服的日子，它将不会咬你。这便是狗与人最主要的区别。 Habit is habit, and not to be flung out of the window by any man, but coaxed downstairs a step at a time. Always do right. This will gratify some people and astonish the rest. 习惯就是习惯，谁也不能将其一下子扔出窗外，只能一步一步地引下楼。 Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see. 善良是一种聋子能听见、盲人能看见的语言。
浅析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中马克吐温的幽默
浅析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中马克吐温的幽默 美国幽默大师和现实主义作家马克?吐温被称为是一个世界文学巨匠，他的作品涉及当时美国的各个领域，如政治，宗教，奴隶制。在马克吐温的众多著作中，《哈克贝利费恩历险记》无疑是最令人印象深刻的。作品将幽默与讽刺相结合，通过细腻的心理描写，极具特色的语言描述，向读者展示了一幅热爱人民，追求自由的画面，表现了强大的艺术魅力。自古以来，已经有很多学者对这部小说进行了研究。他们大多从小说的翻译，艺术特点，人物形象，语言特色，等等方面经行了研究。然而在幽默题材上，大部份研究都是针对语言的幽默感，对幽默表现手法在小说中的运用的研究相对薄弱一些。马克吐温作为文学大家，幽默大师，幽默表现手法多样。作者认为可以从幽默表现手法入手，着重分析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中，马克吐温的幽默表现手法。从而能更深刻地理解马克吐温式的幽默。 关键词：马克吐温；哈克贝利费恩历险记；幽默
ABSTRACT Mark Twain, a humor master and a realism writer, was called a giant in world literature. His writings touch up almost every issue of his time such as politics, religion, and slavery system. Among all of Mark Twain?s works, one makes most impression on readers that is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.With the humor and satire mixed in the novel, the writer shower a picture of loving people and seeking freedom, by the way of exquisite description of psychology and distinguishing-featured description of language. And it displays a strong artistic charm. Since ancient times, a great number of scholars have studied this novel from the perspectives of translation, artistic feature, role characters, language, and so on. While as regards to humor, a large number of researchers just concentrated on the language and put relatively less attention to the humor techniques of performance. Mark Twain, as a master in literature and humor, use various humor techniques of performance in his works. The author thinks it can be studied on the aspect of humor techniques of performance. This paper presents an analysis of Mark Twain?s different humor techniques of performance employed in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn to understand deeply about Mark Twain?s humor. Key words: Mark Twain; The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn; humor
马克吐温名言英语
马克吐温名言英语 导读：本文是关于马克吐温名言英语的文章，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享！ 1、每条纬线都认为他只要获得了权利，就可以成为赤道。 Every latitude thinks that he can become an equator if he gains power. 2、当你为爱情而钓鱼时，要用你的心当作饵，而不是用你的脑筋。 When you fish for love, use your heart as bait, not your brain. 3、在所有的动物当中，人类是最残酷的，是唯一将快乐制造在痛苦上的动物。 Of all the animals, human beings are the cruelest and the only ones who make happiness painful. 4、习惯就是习惯，谁也不能将其扔出窗外，只能一步一步地引下楼。 Habits are habits. No one can throw them out of the window. They can only lead them downstairs step by step. 5、爱情到来的时候，你既不能和它理论，也不能跟它讲价钱。 When love comes, you can neither argue with it nor bargain with it.
6、别到处埋怨这个世界欠你一个美好的生活，世界什么都不欠你，它比你先到。 Don't complain that the world owes you a good life. The world owes you nothing. It comes before you. 7、当你站在大多数人那边时，你就该想想自己是不是错了。 When you stand with most people, you should think about whether you are wrong. 8、如果你的朋友们开始夸你看上去多么年轻，那就是你正在变老的确据。 If your friends start to praise how young you look, that's the evidence that you're getting older. 9、我们要努力把一生好好地度过，等到死的时候，那就连殡仪馆的老板也会感到惋惜。 We should try our best to live a good life. When we die, even the owner of the funeral parlor will feel sorry. 10、实话是我们最宝贵的东西，我们节省着使用它吧。 The truth is our most precious thing. Let's save it. 11、让我们陷入困境的不是无知，而是看似正确的谬误论断。 It is not ignorance but seemingly correct fallacious assertions that make us in trouble. 12、必要的时候不妨把衣服穿得马虎一点，可是心灵美必须保持整洁才行。
马克吐温经典语录全集
Climate is what we expect, weather is what we get. 气候是我们期待的东西，天气是我们得到的东西。 小编：这句可以用来识别近义词。 Giving up smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I know because I've done it thousands of times. 戒烟是这个世界上最容易的事情了，我知道这个因为我干过无数次了。 The most interesting information comes from children, for they tell all they know and then stop. 最有趣的消息都是从孩子嘴里说出来的，因为孩子说出他们知道的一切之后就打住了。 A person with a new idea is a crank until the idea succeeds. 有了一个新想法的人只是个怪人，除非这个想法成功了。 小编：所以，不要再抱怨怀才不遇啦，只有创意和想法是不够的，还需要把创意和想法成功实现的行动力哦。 The main difference between a cat and a lie is that a cat only has nine lives. 猫和谎言的主要差别是猫只有九条命。 小编：原来，老外也信这个~ Better to remain silent and be thought a fool than to speak out and remove all doubt. 保持沉默让大家以为你是个傻瓜比开口说话让大家确定你是傻瓜要好多了。 Everything has its limit - iron ore cannot be educated into gold. 万物都有极限——铁矿石不可能打造成黄金。 小编：人也好，东西也好，不能指望不切实际的突破极限，但还是可以因材施教朝着合适的方向发展。iron 虽然不能变成gold，打造个iron man 还是有可能的。 Truth is stranger than fiction，because fiction is obliged to stick to possibilities；truth isn't. 真实比小说更不可思议，因为小说还得遵从可能性，真实可不用。 A man is never more truthful than when he acknowledges himself a liar.男人只有在承认自己是骗子的时候才最真实。 When your friends begin to flatter you on how young you look, it's a sure sign you're getting old. 当朋友都开始称赞你很年轻，就是你正在变老的表现。
马克吐温作者简介
马克·吐温（Mark Twain，1835年11月30日－1910年4月21日） 原名：萨缪尔·兰亨·克莱门（Samuel Langhorne Clemens） 代表作：《百万英镑》《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》《汤姆·索亚历险记》等。 个人评价 美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，世界著名的短篇小说大师。他经历了美国从“自由”资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段。马克·吐温被誉为“美国文学中的林肯”。 特色 ?从内容上说，他的作品批判了不合理现象或人性的丑恶之处，表达了这位当过排字工人和水手的作家强烈的正义感和对普通人民的关心； ?从风格上说，在西部幽默传统的基础上，幽默中含有讽刺，发挥极度夸张的艺术想象。 ?从人称上，常常以第一人称“我”为主人公，大都天真、老实、无知，思想单纯，什么事都一厢情愿，结果常常事与愿违。 创作历程 ?早期创作（1865-1870） 主要以讽刺手法批判宗教教育的危害；揭露世俗社会的人们为了个人利益彼此欺诈、勾心斗角的社会风气；暴露民主、自由掩盖下的美国社会真相，批判种族歧视和伪民主的社会现实。 重要作品：《傻子出国记》、《竞选州长》和《哥尔斯密的朋友再度出洋》等。 ?中期创作（1871-1895） 对美国政治制度、伦理道德和生活方式进行全面思考，以辛辣的讽刺批判了美国社会的种种弊端和道德沦丧。这是马克·吐温创作的黄金阶段，发表了一系列优秀小说。 重要的作品：《镀金时代》、《汤姆·索亚历险记》、《在亚瑟王朝廷里的康涅狄格州美国人》、《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》、《傻瓜威尔逊》和《百万英镑》等。 ?后期创作（1896-1910） 这一时期创作中主要批判美国的侵略扩张政策，以及进一步探讨资本主义社会和普遍人性。创作形式增加了游记、杂文和政论方面。 重要作品有：《赤道环游记》、《败坏了赫德莱堡的人》、《给坐在黑暗中的人》、《战争祈祷》、《神秘的陌生人》等。 创作特征 ?思想特征
马克吐温经典话语
经典话语 一次马克·吐温应邀赴宴。席间，他对一位贵妇说：“夫人，你太美丽了！”不料那妇人却说：“先生，可是遗憾得很，我不能用同样的话回答你。”头脑灵敏，言辞犀利的马克·吐温笑着回答：“那没关系，你也可以像我一样说假话。” 马克·吐温收到一封信。这是一位青年人写来的，他想向马克·吐温请教成为大作家的诀窍。信中说：“听说鱼含大量的磷质，而磷是有利于脑子的。看来要成为一个大作家，一定要吃很多鱼吧？但不知道你究竟吃的什么鱼，又吃了多少呢？”马克·吐温回信说：“看来，你得吃一条鲸才行。” 车票马克·吐温一次乘车外出，火车开得很慢。当查票员过来查票时，马克吐温递给他一张儿童票。查票员调侃道：“我还真没看出您还是个孩子呢！”马克·吐温回答：“现在我已经不是孩子了，但我买票上车时还是个孩子哩。” 幽默故事 广告一位商界阔佬对马克·吐温说：“我想借助您的大名，给敝公司做个广告。”马克·吐温说：“当然可以。”第二天在马克·吐温主办的报纸上登出了如下文字：一只母苍蝇有两个儿子。她把这两个儿子视若掌上明珠，爱护备至。一天，母子三个飞到某某商业公司的商店里。一只小苍蝇去品尝包装精美的糖果，忽然双翅颤抖落下来，一命呜呼！另一只小苍蝇去吃香肠，不料也一头栽倒，顷刻毙命。母苍蝇痛不欲生，扑到一张苍蝇纸上意欲自杀，尽管大吃大嚼，结果却安然无恙！阔佬看完广告，气得直翻白眼。 演讲一次偶然的机会，马克·吐温与雄辩家琼西·M·得彪应邀参加同一晚宴。席上演讲开始了，琼西·M·得彪滔滔不绝，情感丰富地讲了20分钟，赢得了一片热烈的掌声。然后轮到马克·吐温演讲。马克·吐温站起来，面有难色地说：“诸位，实在抱歉，会前琼西·M·得彪先生约我互换演讲稿，所以诸位刚才听到的是我的演讲，衷心感谢诸位认真的倾听及热情的捧场。然而，不知何故，我找不到琼西·M·得彪先生的讲稿，因此我无法替他讲了。请诸位原谅我坐下。” 父亲法国名人波盖取笑美国人历史太短，说：“美国人没事的时候，往往喜欢怀念晚辈，可是一想到祖父一代，就不能不打住了。”马克·吐温回敬说：“法国人没事的时候，总是想弄清他们的父亲是谁，可是很难弄清楚。” 尴尬当马克·吐温还是一个不大知名的作家时，有人把他介绍给格兰特将军。两人握过手后，马克·吐温想不出一句可讲的话，而格兰特也保持平日的那种缄默态度。最后还是马克·吐温结结巴巴地说了一句：“将军，我感到很尴尬，你呢？” 车票马克·吐温外出乘车。当列车员检查车票时，他翻遍了每个衣袋，也没有找到自己的车票。刚好这个列车员认识他，于是就安慰马克·吐温说：“没关系，如果您实在找不到车票，那也不碍事。”“咳！怎么不碍事，我必须找到那张该死的车票，不然的话，我怎么知道自己要到哪儿去呢？” 双胞胎马克·吐温常常向人说起他小时候的一段伤心往事。据说，马克·吐温出生时是，他和他的双胞胎兄弟两人长得一模一样，连他们的母亲也分辨不出来。有一天，保姆为他们洗澡时，其中一个不小心跌入浴缸淹死了，没有人知道淹死的究竟是双胞胎中的哪一个。“最叫人伤心的就在这里。”马克·吐温说，“每个人都以为我是那个活下来的人，其实我不是。活下来的是我弟弟。那个淹死的人是我。” 蚊子马克·吐温有一次到某地旅店投宿，别人事前告知他此地蚊子特别厉害。他在服务台登记房间时，一只蚊子正好飞来。马克·吐温对服务员说：“早听说贵地蚊子十分聪明，果如其然，它竟会预先来看我登记的房间号码，以便晚上对号光临，饱餐一顿。”服务员听后不禁大笑。结果那一夜马克·吐温睡得很好，因为服务员也记住了房间号码，提前
马克吐温中文介绍
马克吐温 (Mark Twain, 1835～1910) 美国作家。塞缪尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯的笔名。1835年11月31日生在密苏里州佛罗里达镇，长在密西西比河上的小城汉尼拔。父亲是个不得意的乡村律师和店主，在他12岁时去世。他曾拜师学习排字。1851年在他的哥哥欧莱恩开办的报馆中充当排字工人，并开始学习写作幽默小品。1853年后在美国中西部和东部作排字工人。1856年去新奥尔良，想转道去巴西，在乘船沿密西西比河南下时遇见老舵手贺拉斯·毕克斯比，拜他为师，18个月出师后在密西西比河上做舵手，直至内战爆发，水路交通断绝。在战争中他曾一度参加南军。1861年欧莱恩被林肯总统派去西部内华达领地政府任秘书，他随同前往，试图在经营木材业与矿业中发财致富，均未成功，便转而以写文章为生。1862年在内华达弗吉尼亚城一家报馆工作。1863年开始使用“马克·吐温”的笔名。这个词是密西西比河水手的行话,意思是“12英尺深”,指水的深度足使航船通行无阻。1864年，在旧金山结识幽默作家阿·沃德和小说家布·哈特，得到他们的鼓励和帮助，提高了写作的本领。1865年在纽约一家杂志发表幽默故事《卡拉韦拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》，根据一个流行已久的传说改写，生动地表现了当时在开发中的美国西部所特有的幽默的风格,加上突出的运用口语的文风,风行一时，使他全国闻名。此后经常为报刊撰写幽默文章。1866年去夏威夷岛采访，1867年作为记者乘“桂格城”号轮船随一批旅游者去欧洲和巴勒斯坦旅行。他写的报道后来辑成《傻子国外旅行记》(1869)，此书嘲笑了欧洲的封建残余和宗教愚昧，也讽刺了富有的美国旅游者的庸俗无知。 1870年马克·吐温与奥莉薇娅·兰登结婚。她是纽约州一个资本家的女儿。这段婚姻对马克·吐温的影响如何，历来有两种见解：一种认为他的妻子成了他的作品的检查官，妨碍他偏于粗犷的才能的发挥。多数人则认为这段婚姻不妨碍他的创作，反而是相辅相成，十分美满。 马克·吐温婚后居住在布法罗，自己编辑发行《快报》，一年后因赔钱过多而出让。1872年出版《艰苦岁月》一书，反映了他在西部新开发地区的生活经历，其中记载了一些奇闻轶事，特别是富有美国西部特色的幽默故事。1873年他同查·沃纳合写的《镀金时代》，是他第一部长篇小说。它讽刺美国内战后资本主义迅速发展时社会上投机暴发以及政治腐败的情况，其中描写了两个著名的人物：赛勒斯上校彬彬有礼，慷慨好客，虽贫无一文，但充满轻易致富的幻想；参议员狄尔华绥是政客，满口仁义道德，其实投机欺诈，无所不为。这两个人物形象也是“镀金时代”精神的人格化。 1871年马克·吐温举家移居东部康涅狄格州哈特福德，这时他已成为有名的作家和幽默演说家。此后的20年是他创作的丰收年代。他常和一些文人来往，其中著名的有斯托夫人和威·迪·豪威尔斯，受后者的影响较深。1875年马克·吐温应豪威尔斯之约，为《大西洋月刊》撰文。他以早年在密西西比河上做舵手的生活为题材，写了7篇文章，后汇集成书，名为《密西西比河的往事》。这本书用自传体，以幽默的笔法，现实主义和浪漫主义结合的风格，把密西西比河和河边小镇的生活写得十分生动。8年后，他回到家乡，把这本书扩充成为《密西西比河上》(1883)，其中特别有价值的是记载了他早年在船上时与舵手们联合起来成立协会，为保护自身的经济利益与船长作斗争的事迹。此后密西西比河和在家乡汉尼拔的童年生活成为他的几本杰作的题材的来源。 1876年，长篇小说《汤姆·索耶历险记》出版。它虽然是以密西西比河上某小镇为背景的少年读物，但为任何年龄的读者所喜爱。书中写淘气的汤姆和他的伙伴哈克贝里·费恩以及汤姆的女友贝姬·撒切尔的许多故事，不少是作者的亲身经历，有许多合乎孩子心理的有趣情节。书中也讽刺了宗教的伪善，但结尾写汤姆和哈克贝里发现藏金致富，哈克贝里又被
马克吐温名言
马克吐温名言中英文对照 Mark.vomit to say:Late come of true facts, be like suddenly horseshoe, ah of shooting the head, pain! 马克．吐温说：迟来的真相，就像突然击中头部的马蹄铁，哎，痛啊！ Mark.vomit:Have no emotion to kiss, be like to die pork in person. 马克．吐温：没有情感的吻，就像在亲死猪肉一样。 Don't give up your imagination.When the imagination had no after, you can also exist, but although you living dead still. 不要放弃你的幻想。当幻想没有了以后，你还可以生存，但是你虽生犹死。 Tell the truth forever, such of words you need not recorded you to once say some what. 永远说实话，这样的话你就不用去记你曾经说过些什么。 Those persons who have a good book but don't read are unlike and can't read the person of these books to own any advantage. 那些有好书却不读的人不比无法读到这些书的人拥有任何优势。 Rather shut up don't talk, don't be eager to expressing oneself, either. 宁愿闭口不说话，也不要急于表现自己。 Calculate to the person also unimportant with the stupid stupid impression. 就算给人以蠢笨的印象也不要紧。 Comity is such a kind of intense emotion of sanctity is thus sweet, firm and honest. 友谊是如此圣洁的一种激情，是如此甜蜜、牢固和忠诚。 Such of the characteristic can make the comity support life long-as long as don't think the other party borrows money. 这样的特质可使友谊维系终身——只要不想对方借钱。 Everyone is a moon,and has a dark side which he never shows to anybody 每个人就像一轮月亮，不愿意将黑暗的一面让别人看到。 As long as had ignorance and self-confidence, you can succeed by all means. 只要具备了无知和自信，你就必然能成功。 Among all animals, the mankind are the most ruthlessness, is unique make the happiness on pain and sufferings of animal.
精选的马克·吐温名言大全
精选的马克·吐温名言大全 1、我的亲身经验告诉我，记者们喜欢撒谎。我本人就曾使一种绘声绘色的谎言开始在太平洋沿岸地区风行；时至今日，这种谎言仍在当地流行。——马克吐温 2、我们自己用的得意的词汇，其实绝非来自我们自己。属于我们自己的无非只是依照我们的脾气性格环境教育与社会关系而做的些修改而已。只是这么点修改，使之区别于别人的表达方式，打下了我们特有风格的烙印，暂时算作是我们自己的东西。别的统统都是些陈年旧货，是几千年几百年以来世世代代的人说过的陈词滥调而已。——马克吐温 3、紫罗兰把它的香气留在那踩扁了它的脚踝上。这就是宽怒。——马克吐温 4、我认为，我认识的每一个人都有道德，虽然我不喜欢问。我知道我有。但我宁可天天教别人道德，而不愿自己实践道德。”把道德交给别人去吧“，这是我的座右铭。把道德送完了。你就永远用不着了。——马克吐温 5、我这一生不曾工作过，我的幽默和伟大的著作都来自于求助
潜意识心智无穷尽的宝藏。——马克吐温 6、文明姑娘的一大部分是她的服饰——事情原应如此。某些文明礼貌的妇女如果没有服饰就会失去一半的魅力，有些会失去全部的魅力。一个最大限度地打扮起来的现代文明的姑娘，是以精致、优美的艺术和金钱造就的奇迹。所有国家、所有地区和所有艺术都被贡献现来，让她打扮自己……女人，上帝保佑她！——马克吐温 7、可是最糟糕的还是你们男人家不愿意让女子受到能有所作为的教育，不愿意让她们凭自己的努力赚到堂堂正正的生活。她们所受的教育只是为了装装门面，好像她们一辈子只应该受人爱怜，靠男人吃饭，永远不会遭到不幸似的。——马克吐温 8、戴维斯的书没有在美国的上层社会里流传。不过只要你穿上潜水衣潜下去，潜下去，一直潜到人口密集的地区，那个永远做苦工，挨饰饿的，见不到天日的地区，你就会发现成百万册他的书。有这个市场的人，财是发定了，黄油面包是稳稳到手了，因为这些人永远不会丢弃它。——马克吐温 9、道德心的功能是叫人区别好坏，让人们随心所欲地挑选一样来做。可是从这里他可以得到些什么好处呢？他不断地挑选，而十有八九他倒宁可挑选坏的。世界上不应该有什么坏事情；没有了道德心，
马克吐温的幽默
例子 马克吐温与一位夫人对坐，他对她说：“你真漂亮！”那位夫人高傲地说：“可惜我是在无法同样地赞美你。”而马克吐温毫不介意地说：“没有关系，你可以像我一样说句谎话。” 有位舞女给马克.土温写信,说要嫁给马克吐温,"如果我们的后代有我的容貌,你的头脑,多好啊!"可马克吐温回信,说:"如果是你的头脑,我的容貌呢?" 书与割草机 有一回，马克·吐温向领居借阅一本书，邻居说：“可以，可以。但我定了一条规则：从我的图书室借去的图书必须当场阅读。” 一星期后，这位邻居向马克·吐温借用割草机，马克·吐温笑着说：“当然可以，毫无问题。不过我定了一条规则：从我家里借去的割草机只能在我的草地上使用。” 1.马克.吐温的生平简介:美国伟大的文学巨匠,被H.L.满肯称之为"我们民族文学之父",他的"哈克贝利费恩历险记"(1884)和"密西西比河上"(1883)的发表,塑造 了世人对美国的新看法,他更为广泛地应用民间幽默来创作严肃的文学作品,这一点以前任何作家是不可比拟的. 2.马克.吐温的语言特色:对方言的灵活运用是独一无二的,他的文字口语化,简明 直接,句子结构简单朴实,甚至不合乎语法规则,属于典型的口头语言,他巧妙地应用口语来描述故事人物的日常生活,另外,他的故事人物,限定于特定历史时期与 特定区域,操持着浓重的方言,使他的乡土特色更为真实. 3.马克.吐温的写作风格:马克.吐温的幽默是非常有名的,他的大多数作品情调诙 谐滑稽,包含有一些生活笑话,喜剧情节,睿智的品论等,甚至一些实际上荒诞不经的故事,读起来非常有趣味.因曾作过记者,他同时也成了有趣机智的美国人的公 众偶像,报纸上到处都刊登有他那双关诙谐,玩世不恭的文章,而他的幽默均以双 关诙谐,极度夸张,重复陡落的特点代替拙劣的描述和漫骂,以一种艺术的风格抨 击社会不公平现象,讽刺浪漫主义的腐败. 参考资料：英美文学选读 既富于独特的个人机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃! 第一，他在美国西部幽默传统的基础上，发挥了极度夸张的艺术想象。 第二个特点是：作品常以第一人称“我”为主人公。这个“我”大都天真、老实，思想单纯，什么事情都一厢情愿，结果常常事与愿违。例如《哥尔斯密的朋友再度现洋》中的艾送喜，《关于我最近辞职的事实经过》中的小秘书，主人公总是怀着某种单纯的想法，但在实现中处处碰壁，说明主人公的想法是行不通的，而他越不明白这一点，就越显出理想与现实之间的反差。 第三个特点是幽默中含有讽喻。他在《自传》里总结他的经验：“为幽默而幽默是不可能经久的，幽默只是一股香味和一点花絮。我老是训诫人家，这就是为
浅析马克吐温艺术特点
An Analysis of Mark Twain’s Humor in Running for Governor 1. Introduction 1.1 Mark Twain and Running for Governor Mark Twain，pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, spent his early life in the river town of Hannibal, Missouri, strategically located on the banks of the Mississippi. Before the Civil War, crowds of people arrived at the town before heading for the west. When he was twelve, his father died, and he was apprenticed to a printer. His schooling was brief. At seventeen he left home and traveled in the southwest and west for the next fifteen years, working first as a traveling printer, then as a Mississippi River pilot, and as a miner, mine speculator and journalist in Nevada. It was in Nevada that he first used the pen name, “Mark Twain”, which spoke of his love of the Mississippi River and his river life. “Mark Twain” was always a welcome river call meaning “two fathoms” and indicating that the water was deep enough for safe passage. In Nevada, he dreamed of striking it rich, but failed. Instead he supported himself by newspaper reporting, specializing in humorous feature stories. With the publication of his Jumping Frog story, now known as The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, the pen name “Mark Twain” soon attracted the national attention. In 1867, he traveled to Europe and the Holy Land —Palestine. The journey resulted in The Innocents Abroad(1869) which soon became a best seller. On February 2, 1870, he married a wealthy eastern lady, Olivia Langdon, thus beginning thirty-four years of loving and extraordinarily close companionship. In 1872, his second book Roughing It, which recounted his experiences in Nevada, was published. The family settled in Hartford, Connecticut, where Mark Twain met Charles Dudley Warner and William Dean Howells, the most influential literary
马克吐温名言
Life would be infinitely happier if we could only be born at the age of eighty and gradually approach eighteen. 如果我们能在80岁的时候出生，然后慢慢走向18岁，那生活将会幸福无比。 Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn’t do than by the ones y ou did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover. 20年后，让你觉得更失望的不是你做过的事情，而是你没有做过的事情。所以，解开帆索，从安全的港湾里扬帆出行吧。乘着信风，去探索，去梦想，去发现！ Everyone is a moon, and has a dark side which he never shows to anybody. · 每个人都像月亮，有着从来不让任何人看见的黑暗面。 Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, but the really great make you feel that you, too, can become great. 远离那些企图让你丧失雄心的人吧。小人经常如此，而真正的伟人会让你觉得你也可以变得伟大。 Don’t go around saying the world owes you a living. The world owes you nothing. It was here first. 别到处说世界亏欠了你。世界什么都不欠你的，你还没出生它就在这儿了。 If you pick up a starving dog and make him prosperous, he will not bite you. This is the principal difference between a dog and a man. 如果你收养了一只饥饿的狗，并且让它过上了舒服的日子，它将不会咬你。这便是狗与人最主要的区别。 Habit is habit, and not to be flung out of the window by any man, but coaxed downstairs a step at a time. Always do right. This will gratify some people and astonish the rest. 习惯就是习惯，谁也不能将其一下子扔出窗外，只能一步一步地引下楼。 Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see. 善良是一种聋子能听见、盲人能看见的语言。 The best way to cheer yourself up is to try to cheer somebody else up. 让自己高兴起来的最好办法就是设法让别人高兴起来。 There are basically two types of people. People who accomplish things, and people who claim to have accomplished things. The first group is less
马克·吐温写作风格的变化及其原因
2012年第24期总第326期前沿 Forward Position No．242012Sum No．326 浅析马克·吐温写作风格的变化及其原因 赖玲芳 黄 娟(江西师范大学外国语学院，江西南昌330022) ［摘 要］本文旨在研究马克·吐温写作风格的变化及其原因。马克·吐温是19世纪后期美国批判现实主义文学的代表，在不同时期，其作品风格迥异，从最初的轻松幽默到尖酸讽刺，最后陷入绝望与强烈。美国从自由竞争资本主义向帝国主义的 转变，加上马克·吐温个人坎坷的人生路程，都对其写作风格的变化造成很大影响。在分析文学作品时，读者应该联系作者所处的社会环境和个人经历，才能对作者有更为深刻的理解。［关键词］马克·吐温；写作风格；原因［中图分类号］I106［文献标识码］A ［文章编号］1009－8267（2012）24－0163－02 ［作者简介］赖玲芳（1987— ），女，江西泰和人，江西师范大学外国语学院2011级硕士研究生，研究方向为二语习得；黄娟（1989— ），女，江西南康 人，江西师范大学外国语学院硕士研究生，研究方向为翻译理论与实践。 马克·吐温（Mark Twain ，1935－1910），原名萨缪尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯（Samuel Langhorne Clemens ），19世纪美国现实主义文学的杰出代表，是美国著名的幽默大师、小说家、作家、亦是著名演说家。因其创作性地将文学创 作“美国化” 、将文学语言“国有化”，被誉为“真正的美国文学之父” 。马克·吐温的写作特点广泛，融幽默讽刺于一体，既富有独特的人性思考，又不乏深刻的社会剖析，调侃中带有辛辣的讽刺与悲天悯人的情感。美国作家海明 威对马克·吐温推崇备至，他说 ：“一切现代美国文学都来自一本马克·吐温的著作《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》 ”。他在一生中完成了大量的文学作品，而他的写作风格在不同的时期有明显的变化。本文旨在通过阅读和了解马克·吐温在不同人生时期的作品来探索其个人经历和写作风格之间的内在联系。 一、马克·吐温写作风格的改变 (一)马克·吐温早期作品风格 马克·吐温在内战时期开始他的创作生涯，早期的作品一般为浪漫、幽默、轻快的风格。1865年他凭借《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》一举成名，赢得了幽默家的称誉。这部作品讲述了一个赌徒的轶事，形象地展示了当时正处于开发时期的美国西部地区的特殊风情，表现出纯粹的美 国气质。1869年马克·吐温发表《傻子出国记》 ，作者扮演无知的美国人，嘲笑欧洲的封建残余和宗教愚昧。从其早期的创作可以看出，这位表面上轻松嬉笑、想象力丰富的幽默作家，其实是一位严肃的社会批评家。他的幽默所包含的滑稽诙谐以及他常运用的极度夸张的手法，是一种揭露现实的手段，同时又富于生活气息，深受读者喜爱。 在这一时期的作品凸显了马克·吐温作为幽默大师的 才能。抓住社会黑暗的一面加以尖酸的讽刺和批评，尽管它只是一个笑话，语言轻快、幽默，但他写作主题还是相当严肃的。总之，在吐温的早期作品中，写作风格的基调是轻快、积极向上以及幽默的。 (二)马克·吐温中期作品风格 在马克·吐温创作中期，他作品的写作风格由早期的幽默、乐观到辛辣讽刺再到更为尖酸讽刺。他尝试着研究更为深层次的社会问题，并且他的写作技巧变得更为成熟 及更具魅力。在这个时期，他的作品包括 ：《镀金时代》这部作品是与查尔斯·达德莱·华纳合写的，讲述的是南北战争后的美国资本主义得到迅速发展，但表面上的繁荣 掩盖不了内部的腐败 ；《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》，这是马克·吐温最优秀的作品，通过描述一个男孩哈克贝里·费恩跟逃亡黑奴吉姆结伴在密西西比河流浪的故事，不仅批判封建家庭结仇械斗的野蛮，揭露私刑的毫无理性，而且讽刺宗教的虚伪愚昧，谴责蓄奴制的罪恶，并歌颂黑奴的优秀品质，宣传不分种族和地位人人都享有自由权利的进步主张。 (三)马克·吐温晚期作品风格 马克·吐温后期的作品反映表现出玩世不恭、悲观绝 望的情绪，如《神秘的陌生人 》《给坐在黑暗中的人》《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》等。在晚年的口述自传中，他以极端 绝望的心情谈到人从苦难中的最终解脱 ：“他们从世界上消失了，在这个世界上他们无足轻重、无所成就；甚至他们的存在本身就是个错误，是个失败，是种愚蠢……这个世 界赠给他们的是一日的哀伤和永久的遗忘。 ”正如鲁迅所说，他由一个“讲笑话的好手”变成一个“很深的厌世思 · 361·