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阅读推送10解析

Section A

【文章大意】本篇文章要表达的观点是基因和环境共同作用影响人类的行为及心理。【答案解析】

36. [M] raised raise在这里的意思是"养育"，the environment in which you were raised 意思是"你成长的环境"。

37. [L] psychological "psychological activity"意思是"心理活动"，全句意思是"研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传学"。

38. [E] contributions "make contributions to"为固定搭配，意为"为……做贡献"。

39. [A] abilities "ability to …"意思是"做某事的能力"，在此处，全句意思是"任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的"。

40. [B] achieve "limitations to what you can achieve"意思是"对你所能达到的水平的限制"。

41. [N] smart 此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形容人，根据题意，smart符合题意，表示"机灵，可爱"。

42. [I] extent 此处填extent，主要是因为后面有to，"to the extent …"译为"……的程度"。

43. [J] indicates indicate 意思是"表明，显示"。全句意为"越来越多的科学(现象)表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用"。

44. [G] essentially essentially 的意思是"实际上，本质上"。全句意为"从这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗出来的照片：相已经照了，但是最终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了"。

45. [H] eventually eventually 副词，意思是"最终，最后"。

Section B

【文章大意】文章探讨了媒体中充斥着大量漂亮女星的原因和影响。

【答案解析】

46. [D]题干意为，《青少年》杂志上的一项报道称，有50%到70%体重正常的女孩认为自己需要减肥。注意抓住题干中的关键词magazine、50% to 70%和normal weight。文章段落中，《青少年》杂志以及百分比50%到70%的内容在[D]段出现，该段倒数第二句提到，《青少年》杂志报道称，在6~12岁的女孩当中，有35%的人至少进行过一次减肥，

有50%~70%体重正常的女孩认为自己超重。由此可知，题干是对该句部分内容的同义转述，故答案为[D]。题干中的need to lose weight与原文中的is overweight对应。

47. [H]。题干意为，总体而言，1999年以来白人女性连续六年占据了主流女性杂志的多数篇幅。注意抓住题干中的关键词for 6 years、white women和occupying much more space。文章段落中，提及白人女性在主流女性杂志所占比例的内容在[H]段出现，该段最后一句提到，该研究发现，虽然1999~2004年间杂志中出现的有色人种的女性形象在数量上有所增加，但是从整体来看，白人女性还是占据了主流女性杂志的多数篇幅。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[H]。题干中的occupying much more space对应原文中的overrepresented。

48. [C]。题干意为，女性身上存在的一些诸如抑郁和不健康的饮食习惯的负面影响与接触年轻苗条的女性形象有关。注意抓住题干中的关键词depression and unhealthy eating habits、being exposed to和thin and young bodies。文章段落中，[C]段提到了抑郁、不健康的饮食习惯以及接触年轻苗条的女性形象的内容，该段最后一句提到，另一方面，研究表明，接触这种年轻苗条、妆容美丽的女性形象与女性的抑郁、缺乏自信和不健康的饮食习惯有关。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。题干中的are related to对应原文中的is linked to，being exposed to对应原文中的exposure to。

49. [B]。题干意为，大众媒体帮助促进了化妆品和减肥产品行业的发展。注意抓住题干中的关键词boosted和the cosmetic and the diet industries。文章段落中，只有[B]段提到了化妆品和减肥产品行业的发展，该段最后一句提到，通过呈现一个难以达到和保持的理想身材，化妆品和减肥产品行业必然能够得到发展并获得利润，而其呈现方式就是通过大众媒体。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[B]。

50. [F]。题干意为，报道称超过四分之三的女性杂志封面至少包含了一条关于如何改变女性身材的方法。注意抓住题干中的关键词at least one message和more than

three-quarters。文章段落中，提到女性杂志封面提供如何改变女性身材的的内容在[F]段出现，该段首句提到，研究人员公布说，女性杂志上宣传减肥的广告和文章所占的比重比男性杂志高10.5倍，超过四分之三的女性杂志封面至少包含了一条关于如何改变女性身材的信息——诸如节食、运动或是整容手术。由此可知，题干对该句后半句内容做了概括，故答案为[F ]。题干中的methods for women to change their bodily appearance 是对原文中how to change a woman’s bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery洽勺相无才括。

51. [A]。题干意为，甚至有些影视女演员因为吃得太少而在拍摄现场昏倒。注意抓住题干中的关键词film and television actresses和faint。文章段落中，[A]段提到了女演员以及晕倒的内容，该段第三句提到，有些女演员甚至因为吃得太少而在拍摄现场昏倒。由此可见，题干对原文做了同义改写，故答案为[A]。题干中的due to eating too little和原文中的from lack of food对应。

52. [I]。题干意为，对外表的过度关注使得改变这种不正常的风气变得不可能。注意抓住题干中的关键词too much concern和change such abnormal trend。文章段落中，提及对外表的过度关注的内容在[I]段出现，该段最后一句提到，这种对于美丽和性感的关

注“事实上摧毁了任何可能有助于改变这种风气的意识和行动”。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[I]。题干中的too much concern on appearance对应原文中的focus on beauty and desirability。

53. [E]。题干意为，研究人员发现如果一个女人的身材比例和芭比娃娃一样，那么她最终会死于营养不良。注意抓住题干中的关键词Barbie-doll proportions和die from malnutrition。文章段落中，只有[E]段提到了芭比娃娃，该段第三句提到，如果一个女人的身材真是那样(有着芭比娃娃的身材比例)的话，她将会患上慢性腹泻并最终死于营养不良。由此可知，题干对原文做了同义改写，故答案为[E]。

54. [G]。题干意为，几年来魁北克杂志坚持在其时尚页面上刊登正常身材的女性形象，以抵制这种潮流。注意抓住题干中的关键词The Quebec magazine Coup de 和consistently including fUll-sized women。文章段落中，提及魁北克杂志Coup

de )ou(e坚持刊登正常身材的女性形象的内容在[G]段出现，该段前两句提到，杂志业有人正在努力抵制这种潮流。几年来魁北克杂志Coup de )ou(e坚持在其时尚页面上刊登正常身材的女性形象。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[G]。题干中的resists 对应原文中的buck(抵制，反抗)。

55. [B]。题干意为，根据一些分析家的观点，将美丽的标准强加到女性身上的根本原因是经济利益。注意抓住题干中的关键词fundamental reason、standards of beauty和economic profits。文章段落中，论及将美丽的标准强加到女性身上的根本原因的内容在[B]段出现，该段前两句提到，为什么会把美丽的标准强加到女性身上，而大多数女性生来就比模特要胖要成熟?一些分析家认为，根源在于经济利益。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[B]。题干中的fundamental reason和原文中的roots对应。

Section C

Passage one

【文章大意】这篇材料的核心内容应该是外语能力在国际商业中的作用，不过因为出题篇幅有限，出题者只选取了原材料的六个段落，在这些段落中，对“外语能力在国际商业中的作用”的论述并没有完全展开，论述的重心落在了中心论题的前提条件——如国际商业的重要性和易行性上，仅仅在最后两段提到了外语能力的作用。

文章第一段是一个概括性的段落，先是概述中心论题的条件：新技术所带来的交流方式如传真、电话、卫星等使地球变小（countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link）；而后简单点出了论点：外语能力使我们更加受益于高技术（is greatly

enhanced by foreign language skills）。

接下来的二、三、四段则回答了外语能力为什么会使我们更加受益于高技术，或者说使我们在哪些方面受益。

第二段指出，一些现代商业人士与这些新技术密切相关，他们对跨国商业的经济价值十分看重。现代市场中，海外市场的成功往往会对国内业务起到很好的支撑作用。这一段没有提到新技术，与外语能力也无关系，但恰好就是这二者间的联系点，也就是外语能力在什么情况下受益于高技术。下一段对此进行了详细的论述。

海外项目对经理们升职的重要性越来越强（advancement within executive ranks，表面意思是在执行职位头衔中的前进，也就是从低层经理职位向高层上升的意思）。驻外经理们已经没有后顾之忧（out of sight，应该指的是不入高层管理人士的法眼、进而得到升职机会的意思），海外业务往往成为公司成功机会的核心，某位经理若被分配了海外业务，那么可能就直接意味着升职机会（that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad）。而如果这位经理成功地完成一项难度很高的海外业务，那么高层人士对他或她必然另眼相看，对其成功处理美国国内业务的能力信心大增（superiors will have greater confidence）。Where引导的从句实际上是海外业务成功所必备的素质：跨文化思考问题的能力和外语能力。这就把外语能力和海外业务联系起来了。

下一段则开始把海外业务也和新技术联系起来。因为用于商业的信息交流设备的廉价，商业企业可以普遍地进入国际市场（even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets）。

接下来就正式论述外语能力的重要性了。英语依然是国际商业通用语言，但讲外语的需求正在增长。外语能力并不是商业领域求职必备的能力，但在各个求职者水平相当的情况下就会显现出优势（edge通常是“边缘”，在这里是“优势”的意思）。

在讲完求职后，那么对于在职者有何好处呢？国外驻职者（employee posted abroad）：加速谈判进程，并知道何时应该减慢速度。国内工作者（employee at the home office）：能与国外客户通过电话、传真交流，这对公司来说是一笔财富。

【答案解析】56. D 这道题问作者对高技术交流设备采取何种态度。

这道题比较简单，从文中的叙述来看，没有出现对高技术交流设备的反面论述，基本全部论述其积极影响，如开头的our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment，这里所用的benefit已经直接表明我们会从这种设备中受益。二三四段讲的是较高的外语能力使我们如何受益于高技术，依然是受益。所以，本文作者对高技术交流设备的态度是积极肯定的。四个选项中前三个都具有否定意义，D的说法最为准确。

57. C 本题问随着高技术交流设备更多地得到使用，商业人士……

文章首次提到business people是在第二段，称他们have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad，意思是对海外业务的经济价值的认可正在增加。

第三段的内容中心依然和business people有关，大意是海外业务对business people 的升职非常有利。此后的内容与business people的关系就不再紧密了，可以认为本题的答案就在第二和第三段中。

A的说法有一定道理，但在文中没有直接提到，所以不能算最贴切，还应该继续看BCD 有无更为贴切的说法。B的说法与文章的论述正好相反，应该是海外业务正给他们带来更多收益。

C的说法最为合理，因为第二段已经说明business people认可了海外业务的经济价值，第三段认可了海外业务所能带来的仕途价值，这两点共同说明business people对海

外业务的重视。

D的说法也有一定道理，但和A一样，该说法在文中没有直接的落脚点，相对C来说还不够贴切。

58. C 题目问文章中out of sight and out of mind一句很可能是什么意思。

这种考查短语或单词意思的题需要结合上下文思考，需要参考的上下文一般前后各一两句即可。前一句是Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks，句意较好理解，意思是海外职务对于管理人员的升职越来越重要了。这一句是第三段的首句，可能具有总领全句的作用，所以初步判断本题所问可能和升职有关。该短语所在句的意思是驻守外国的管理人员无需再担心out of sight and out of mind。之后的一句是He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad，大意是海外业务对公司的成功是至关重要的，而海外任职往往意味着一次升职机会。

从上下文大意来看，确实是在讲述海外任职和职位升迁的关系。文中的观点是海外任职有助于职位提升，那么out of sight可能就是指自己的业绩不入领导的视野，out of mind 就是指有了升职机会时，海外高管从来不在领导的考虑之列。符合这个意思的是C。

59. B 题目问根据文中所述，如今的跨国公司在雇佣员工时把什么条件作为一项重要的考虑。

纵观这四个选项，似乎都有些道理，不过只能有一个是和原文联系紧密的。因为上一题已经考查过第三段，所以与本题相关的内容必定在第三段之后。

第四段讲的是便宜的通讯设备降低了国际业务的门槛，使小企业也能参与国际业务。这里没有讲述任何有关员工的问题，所以答案不在第四段。

第五段开头先讲到英语作为国际通用语的重要作用，但马上话锋一转，指出会讲客户的

语言越来越受到重视。此后则直截了当地表示语言技能会增加应聘者被聘用的机会：having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal，这里的edge就是指的优势。因此B是正确选项。

60. A 题目问具备外语技能的员工具有一定的优势，这些优势是指什么。

A，能够更好地控制整个谈判的进程。

B，容易发现满足市场需求的新途径。

C，能使他们的建议很快地送达总部。

D，容易和国外商务人士结交朋友。

全文还有最后一段没有考查，从四个题支来看，本题不是考查对全篇的理解，则必然在考查最后一段。

最后一段共两句话，第二句是对具备外语能力的员工的价值的评述：asset to the firm(非常有用的资产)，这一句应该和本题无关。解答本题关键要看第一句话。这句话的主语非常长：The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language，意思是能够说当地语言的海外员工。下文对这样的员工有两点描述，一是有机会把某些谈判快速推进（has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations），二是具有文化洞察力，知道何时该把谈判放慢（can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly）。这两点都是和谈判有关，一快一慢，也就是如何把握谈判的节奏。四个选项中A的意思与此最为接近。C有一点迷惑性，因为原文中也出现了fast-forward一词，不过原文宾语是“谈判”，说海外雇员和总部谈判显然是不对的。

Passage two

【文章大意】这是一篇关于玩具历史的说明文。短文于第一、二两段导入主题，概述玩具的基本社会功能，特别是男孩女孩使用不同玩具直接与成人世界的男女不同责任、角色相关，之后才真正提出主题：玩具历经数千年基本不变;第三段谈玩具的universality(普遍性)，变化只存在于①工艺结构和技术、②当地文化和生活习俗;第四段讲玩具的persistence (持续性)，即玩具不直接代表技术进步，只代表时代艺术品味的和材料限制。

【答案解析】

61. (B)。由题干确定本题指向第二段要点：男孩女孩玩不同玩具与成人社会中男女社会角色的严格限制有关。

62. (A)。由the universality of toys 定位至短文第三段最后三句要点;即埃及、美洲、中国、日本、北极都有相同的玩具。

63. (D)。本题涉及玩具persistence 的特征，即第四段要点：玩具不受技术进步的影响，公元前3000年的拨浪鼓和今天的拨浪鼓仅在工艺及材料方面有所差异，再结合第三段第一句(全文主题)，可明确答案为B。

64. (B)词语理解。由题干确定本题仅涉及对第四段第一句的理解，have not been subject to 相当于are not characterized by.

65. (C)。rattle 一例出现在最的一段，该段要点是：①玩具是一种艺术形式;②玩具不代表技术进步;③玩具只代表时代的艺术品味和材料资源。归纳上述要点即得答案。

剑桥10阅读解析Test3

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