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《大学物理B》(上)免修考试试卷

《大学物理B》(上)免修考试试卷
《大学物理B》(上)免修考试试卷

大 学 物 理(上)试 卷(免修)

班级:_____________ 姓名:_____________ 学号:_____________ 日期:__________年_______月_______日 成绩:_____________

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一一一一一一1. ( 3)(0341)

本一一质量分别为m 和M 的滑块A 和B ,叠放在光滑水平桌面上,如图所示.A 、B 间静摩擦系数为μs ,滑动摩擦系数为μk ,系统原处于静止.今有一水平力作用于A 上,

要使A 、B 不发生相对滑动,则应有

(A) F ≤μs mg . (B) F ≤μs (1+m /M )mg .

(C) F ≤μs (m+M )mg . (D) F ≤M

m

M mg k +μ. [

]v 2. ( 3)(0616)

本一一 一小珠可在半径为R 竖直的圆环上无摩擦地滑动,且圆环能以其竖直直径为轴转动.当圆环以一适当的恒定角速度ω 转动,小珠偏离圆环转轴而且相对圆环静止时,小珠所在处圆环半径偏离竖直方向的角度为

(A) π21

=θ. (B) ).

arccos(2

ωθR g =(C) )arctg(2

g

R ωθ=. (D) 需由小珠的质量m 决定. [ ]

3. ( 3)(0406)

本一一 人造地球卫星绕地球作椭圆轨道运动,卫星轨道近地点和远地点分别为A 和B .用L 和E K 分别表示卫星对地心的角动量及其动能的瞬时值,则应有 (A) L A >L B ,E KA >E kB . (B) L A =L B ,E KA

(C) L A =L B ,E KA >E KB . (D) L A

4. ( 3)(0670)

本一一 在以加速度a 向上运动的电梯内,挂着一根劲度系数为k 、质量不计的弹簧.弹簧下面挂着一质量为M 的物体,物体相对于电梯的速度为零.当电梯的加速度突然变为零后,电梯内的观测者看到物体的最大速度为 (A) k M a /. (B) M k a /.

(C) k M a /2. (D) k M a /2

1. [ ]

5. ( 3)(4013)

本一一 一瓶氦气和一瓶氮气密度相同,分子平均平动动能相同,而且它们都处于平衡状态,则它们

(A) 温度相同、压强相同. (B) 温度、压强都不相同.

(C) 温度相同,但氦气的压强大于氮气的压强.

(D) 温度相同,但氦气的压强小于氮气的压强. [ ]

6. ( 3)(4565)

本一一 一定量的某种理想气体若体积保持不变,则其平均自由程λ和平均碰撞频率Z 与温度的关系是:

(A) 温度升高,λ减少而Z 增大. (B) 温度升高,λ增大而Z 减少. (C) 温度升高,λ和Z 均增大.

(D) 温度升高,λ保持不变而Z 增大. [ ]

7. ( 3)(1482)

本一一 如图所示,两个同心球壳.内球壳半径为R 1,均匀带有电荷Q ;外球壳半径为R 2,壳的厚度忽略,原先不带电,但与地相连接.设地为电势零点,则在内球壳里面,距离球心为r 处的P 点的场强大小及电势分别为:

(A) E =0,U =104R Q

επ.

(B) E =0,U =

?????????π21

114R R Q

ε.

(C) E =204r Q επ,U =r Q

04επ.

(D) E =204r Q επ, U =1

04R Q

επ. [ ]

8. ( 3)(1395)

本一一 一平行板电容器,板间距离为d ,两板间电势差为U 12,一个质量为m 、电荷为-e 的电子,从负极板由静止开始飞向正极板.它飞行的时间是:

(A) 122eU md

. (B) 122eU md .

(C) 122eU m

d

(D) m

eU d 212 [ ]9. ( 3)(1211)

本一一 两个同心薄金属球壳,半径分别为R 1和R 2 (R 2 > R 1 ),若分别带上电荷q 1和

q 2,则两者的电势分别为U 1和U 2 (选无穷远处为电势零点).现用导线将两球壳相连接,则它们的电势为

(A) U 1. (B) U 2.

(C) U 1 + U 2. (D) )(2

1

21U U +. [ ]

10. ( 3)(1123)

本一一 如果某带电体其电荷分布的体密度ρ 增大为原来的2倍,则其电场的能量变为原来的

(A) 2倍. (B) 1/2倍.

(C) 4倍. (D) 1/4倍. [ ]

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二二二一一一11. ( 4)(0691)

本一一当一列火车以10 m/s 的速率向东行驶时,若相对于地面竖直下落的雨滴在列车的窗子上形成的雨迹偏离竖直方向30°,则雨滴相对于地面的速率是

__________;相对于列车的速率是__________.

12. ( 3)(0732)

本一一 某质点在力F r =(4+5x )i r

(SI)的作用下沿x 轴作直线运动,在从x =0移动到x =10 m 的过程中,力F r

所做的功为__________.

13. ( 5)(0740)

本一一劲度系数为k 的弹簧,上端固定,下端悬挂重物.当弹簧伸长x 0,重物在O 处达到平衡,现取重物在O 处时各种势能均为零,则当弹簧长度为原长时,系统的重力势能为____________;系统的弹性势能为________;系统的总势能为____________. (答案用k 和x 0表示)

14. ( 3)(4316)

本一一 右图为一理想气体几种状态变化过程的p -V 图,其中MT 为等温线,MQ 为绝

热线,在AM 、BM 、CM 三种准静态过程

中:

(1) 温度降低的是__________过程;

(2) 气体放热的是__________过程.

15. ( 3)(4319)

本一一 有1 mol 刚性双原子分子理想气体,在等压膨胀过程中对外作功W ,则其温

度变化ΔT =__________;从外界吸取的热量Q p =____________.

16. ( 3)(4336)

本一一由绝热材料包围的容器被隔板隔为两半,左边是理想气体,右边真空.如果把隔板撤去,气体将进行自由膨胀过程,达到平衡后气体的温度__________(升高、降低或不变),气体的熵__________(增加、减小或不变).

17. ( 3)(1105)

本一一半径为R 1和R 2的两个同轴金属圆筒,其间充满着相对介电常量为εr 的均匀介质.设两筒上单位长度带有的电荷分别为+λ和-λ,则介质中离轴线的距离为r 处的电位移矢量的大小D =____________,电场强度的大小 E =____________.

两个电容器1和2,串联以后接上电动势恒定的电源充电.在电源保持联接的情况下,若把电介质充入电容器2中,则电容器1上的电势差______________;电容器1极板上的电荷____________.(填增大、减小、不变)

19. ( 3)(4353)

本一一已知惯性系S '相对于惯性系S 系以 0.5 c 的匀速度沿x 轴的负方向运动,若从S '系的坐标原点O '沿x 轴正方向发出一光波,则S 系中测得此光波在真空中的波速为____________________________________.

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三三三一一一20. ( 5)(0730)

本一一 光滑水平面上有两个质量不同的小球A 和B .A 球静止,B 球以速度v v

和A 球发生碰撞,碰撞后B 球速度的大小为v 2

1

,方向与v v 垂直,求碰后A 球运动方

向.

21. (10)(0560)

本一一 一轻绳跨过两个质量均为m 、半径均为r 的均匀圆盘状定滑轮,绳的两端分别挂着质量为m 和2m 的重物,如图所示.绳与滑轮间无相对滑动,滑轮轴光滑.两个

定滑轮的转动惯量均为22

1

mr .将由两个定滑轮以及质量

为m 和2m 的重物组成的系统从静止释放,求两滑轮之间绳内的张力.

22. ( 5)(4473)

本一一 1 mol 的理想气体,完成了由两个等体过程和两个等压过程构成的循环过程(如图),已知状态1的温度为T 1,状态3的温度为T 3,且状态2和4在同一条等温线上.试求气体在

这一循环过程中作的功.

23. (10)(1501)

本一一 在盖革计数器中有一直径为2.00 cm 的金属圆筒,在圆筒轴线上有一条直径

为0.134 mm 的导线.

如果在导线与圆筒之间加上850 V 的电压,试分别求: (1) 导线表面处 (2) 金属圆筒内表面处的电场强度的大小.

24. ( 5)(4364)

本一一 一艘宇宙飞船的船身固有长度为L 0 =90 m ,相对于地面以=v 0.8 c (c 为真空中光速)的匀速度在地面观测站的上空飞过.

(1) 观测站测得飞船的船身通过观测站的时间间隔是多少? (2) 宇航员测得船身通过观测站的时间间隔是多少?

要使电子的速度从v 1 =1.2×108 m/s 增加到v 2 =2.4×108 m/s 必须对它作多少功? (电子静止质量m e =9.11×10-31 kg)

初中毕业生学业考试英语模拟试卷及答案

2009年蓟县初中毕业生学业考试英语模拟试卷 题号第Ⅰ卷第II卷总分 得分 第Ⅰ卷(选择题共75分) 一、听力理解(本大题共30小题,每小题1分,计30分) A)在下列每小题内,你将听到一个或两个句子并看到供选择的A、B、C三幅图画。 找出与你所听到句子相匹配的图画。 ( ) 1. A. B. C. ( ) 2. A. B. C. ( ) 3. A. B. C. ( ) 4.

A. B. C. B)在下列每小题内,你将听到一个问句并看到供选择的A、B、C三个答语。找出能正确回答你所听到那个问句的答案。 ( ) 5. A. At six o’clock. B. In class. C. Every day. ( ) 6. A. I’m afraid not. B. Sorry, you can’ t. C. Excuse me. ( ) 7. A. Boring B. Modern C. Nature . ( ) 8. A. Yes, never B. No, never C. Yes, I haven’t ( ) 9. A. In 1995. B. Since 1995. C. Twenty years ago. ( ) 10. A. Yes, we don’t B. No, we do. C. No, we don’t. ( ) 11. A. 3 yuan. B. 3 times. C. 3 meals. ( ) 12. A. Here you are. B. No, thanks. C. No, I don’t. ( ) 13. A. You’re very kind. B. You’re welcome. C. Sorry, I’m a stranger here. s a good idea. C. I think it’s 10 yuan. ( ) 14. A. By bike. B. It’ C)下面你将听到10组对话,每组对话都有一个问题。根据对话内容,从每组所给的三A、B、C三个选项中找出能回答所提问题的最佳选项。 ( ) 15. How many girls are there in this class? A. Twenty-five B. Fifteen C. Ten ( ) 16. What are they going to do on Saturday evening? A. Go shopping B. See a film C. Climb the mountain ( ) 17. What are the family doing for Sping Festival this year, Lingling? A. Painting the door. B. Sweeping. C. Cooking ( ) 18. What is Daming going to do on Sunday? A. He doesn’t know. B. He’s going to get up early. C. He’s going to have a picnic . ( ) 19. What sport does Tony like ? A. Table tennis B. Basketball C. Basketball and gymnastics. ( ) 20. What are they talking about? A. The meeting. B. The film. C. The weather. ( ) 21. Where was Betty born?

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