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习语的译法

习语的译法
习语的译法

习语的译法(1)

总的说来,英语习语的译法大致可分为直译、直译加注法、套译、意译、直译加意译、意译加注6种。

*直译

直译不仅能再现原文的意义和语言形式,还能保持其生动形象的比喻和新颖独特的表达手法,让读者体会原习语的风采,同时丰富汉语表达形式。象"条条大路通罗马"、"特洛伊木马"等就是通过直译进入汉语语言并成为汉语语言的一部分的。一般说来,英语习语如在形、义上与汉语习语全同或是基本相同的常可采用直译,原习语中的比喻或形象能为汉语读者所接受的有时也可以采用直译。例如:

to be armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿(该典故出自从前南美的北海岸的海盗,他们除了两手都持武器外,在牙齿间还要咬一把刀。)

Time is money. 时间就是金钱(比"一寸光阴一寸金"流行)

to shed crocodile tears 掉鳄鱼眼泪as cold as ice 冰冷

to trim the sail to the wind看风使帆

Too many cooks spoil the broth. 厨子多了煮坏汤。

Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。

*直译加注法

有些习语直译后,仍不能把原意清楚准确地表达出来,就可采用直译加注释法。例如:

a bull in a china shop公牛闯进瓷器店──肆意捣乱

to shed crocodile tears流鳄鱼眼泪──假慈悲

People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss.人们认为他在那种场合所表演的不过是犹大之吻──居心险恶。

The favors of Government are like the box of Pandora, with this important difference; that they rarely leave hope at bottom. 政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子,后患无穷,主要不同之处是:盒底很少留有希望。

The best fish swim (are)near the bottom.好鱼居水底——有价值的东西不能轻易得到。

Fish begins to stink at the end.鱼要腐烂头先烂——上梁不正下梁歪。

If two ride on a horse, one must ride behind.两人骑一匹马,总有一人坐在后面——两人参加的事只能一人为主。

The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest.隔墙的苹果最甜——这山看着那山高。

Don't forget to cross your t's.写时不要忘记t上面那一横——一言一行都不要马虎草率。

*套译

套译就是借用汉语成语来翻译。由于文化背景不同,原文的形象有时不符合中国习俗,如直译出来寓意就会颇为费解,或原文的形象引起另一种联想,从而影响到原文意思的准确传达,这时大多可以采用套译。英汉习语形异义似时,有时可采用这种译法。例如:

Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 宁为鸡首,不为牛后。

Some prefer turnips and others pears.萝卜白菜,各有所爱。(比译为"有人喜欢萝卜,有人喜欢梨"更能为中国读者所理解和接受。)

as lean as a rail 骨瘦如柴(如直译为"瘦得像个横杆",则不符合中国人习惯。)

clean hand 两袖清风

It was by no means a bed of rose. 这决不是安乐窝。

He cries wine and sells vinegar. 挂羊头,卖狗肉。

as pale (or white)as ashes(or sheet or death)面如土色

as red as rose 艳如桃李

as clear as daylight 洞若观火

All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill. 有情人终成眷属。

He robs Peter to pay Paul. 拆东墙补西墙。

Diamonds cut Diamonds. 棋逢对手,将遇良才。

Pay on the spot and borrow a lot; pay slow and you'll get no dough.好借好还,再借不难。

习语的译法(2)

意译

当直译原文结果会令人为费解或造成误解时,如使用套译的结果不理想,还可以采用意译。例如:

Look at the chaps in politics and business, whose whole lives were passed in skating on thin ice, and getting knighted for it. 试看那些政治上和商业上的家伙们,他们整个儿的生活都是在风险中度过的,可是都因此封了爵。(to skate on thin ice 若直译为"如履薄冰",则会产生谨慎从事的联想,有违原意。)

to come like a dog at a whistle 一呼即来

Hilter was once as proud as a peacock. 希特勒曾是一个不可一世的家伙。

Mary and her mother are as like as two peas.玛丽和她妈妈长得一模一样。(而不是"像两颗豌豆一样相似")

例如:

She likes to rubber-neck. 她爱问长问短。

start a hare 话离本题

to bring down the house 全场喝彩

plain sailing 一帆风顺

to show one's clean heels 逃之夭夭

to go on a wild goose chase 枉费心机

as greedy as a wolf 贪得无厌

Every bean has its black. 人皆有短处。

*直译加意译

这种译法既能保持原文的比喻形象,同时又能明白清楚地表达寓意。例如:

laugh off one's head笑掉了牙

break the earth破土动工

wash off one's hands洗手不干

There is no rose without a thorn.玫瑰皆有刺,乐中必有苦。(比意译的"世上没有十全十美的幸福。"简洁形象。)

Every flow has its ebb. 潮有涨落日,人有盛衰时。

A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔, 转业不聚财。

I had won 0 at poker that ordinarily would have burned a hole in my pocket,but I couldn't shake an overwhelming sadness. 我玩扑克游戏赢了三百元。通常,钱烧口袋漏,一有就不留。可我当时极为忧愁烦闷怎么也无法摆脱那种恶劣的心境。

Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.俗话说,衣柜里面藏骷髅,见不得人的事儿家家有。

*意译加注

有些英语习语意译成汉语时,如有必要可提供相关的背景的知识,以帮助读者加深对原习语的理解。例如:

throw in the sponge 认输,投降(注:若拳击运动员的副手把擦身用的海绵抛向空中,则表示这个运动员认输因而不进入下一轮比赛。)

pour oil on troubled waters 平息风波,息事宁人(注:传说航海遇到风浪时,若把油倒进海里,可起到使海浪平息的作用。)

open sesame 敲门砖,过难关的秘诀(注:《天方夜谈》中的《阿里巴巴与四十大盗》故事说:一个山洞内藏有无数的金银财宝,但洞门紧闭,必须用咒语"开门芝麻"才能打开。)

Good wine needs no bush. 酒好客自来。(注:英国从前流行一种风俗,人们常在商店的门口外挂某种东西作为该店经营某种商品的标志,挂常春藤ivybush标志的常为酒店。)

习语的译法--英汉习语比较

从形和义的角度来看,英汉习语的异同大体表现在以下四个方面:

A.英汉习语形义全同, 这类习语为数少,例如:

Barking dogs do not bite.吠犬不咬人。

Who is contented, enjoys.知足者常乐。

Misfortunes never come singly.祸不单行。

It is harder to change human nature than to change rivers and mountains.江山难改,本性难移。

Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。

B. 习语形义基本相同, 这类习语比上面一类在数量上要多些,例如:

as light as a feather(or as thistle-down)轻如鸿毛

to take a load off one's mind如释重负

to run in the same groove; to cut from the same cloth.如出一辙

to make a beast of oneself形同禽兽

He that hath been bitten by a serpent is afraid of a rope.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕草绳。

Shallow streams make most din.水深不响,水响不深。

Money makes the mare go.有钱能使鬼推磨。

Reckless youth makes rueful age.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

C.英汉习语形似义异,这类习语相当多,例如:

When a dog is drowning every one offers him drink. (狗若落水人人救,强调人人伸出援之手。)

救了落水狗,反咬你一口(强调好心得不到好报)

Ignorance of the law is no excuse of breaking it. (法盲犯法不可恕,强调严格执行法律。)不知者无罪(强调网开一面)

Strike while the iron is hot (强调"抓住时机")趁热打铁(着重"抓紧行动")Lock the stable-door after the horse is stolen.(强调为时已晚。)

亡羊补牢(强调受到损失后想法弥补,以免再受损失。)

D.英汉习语形异义似, 例如:

A word spoken is past recalling. 一言既出,驷马难追。

Great boast, small roast.干打雷,不下雨。

Take not a musket to kill a butterfly. 杀鸡焉用宰牛刀。

as dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶

to hit someone below the belt/to stab someone in the back 暗箭伤人

as weak as water 弱不禁风

E.英汉习语形义完全不同,例如:

cast one's bread upon the waters不期望报答所作之事

keep the wolf from the door免于饥饿,勉强度日

make one's blood freeze令人恐惧

have bats in the belfry头脑有点古怪

see the sun活着

80句中文谚语的英文翻译

80句中文谚语的英文翻译,简直太美了! 01. A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near. 海内存知己,天涯若比邻。 02. A common danger causes common action. 同舟共济。 03. A contented mind is a continual/perpetual feast. 知足常乐。 04. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑,长一智。 05. A guest should suit the convenience of the host. 客随主便。 06. A letter from home is a priceless treasure. 家书抵万金。 07. All rivers run into the sea. 殊途同归。 08. All time is no time when it is past. 机不可失,时不再来。 09. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一日一个苹果,身体健康不求医。 10. As heroes think, so thought Bruce. 英雄所见略同。 11. A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。 12. Behind the mountains there are people to be found. 天外有天,山外有山。 13. Bad luck often brings good luck. 塞翁失马,安知非福。 14. Bread is the stall of life. 面包是生命的支柱(民以食为天)。 15. Business is business. 公事公办。 16. Clumsy birds have to start flying early. 笨鸟先飞。 17. Courtesy costs nothing. 礼多人不怪。 18. Custom makes all things easy. 习惯成自然。 19. Desire has no rest. 人的欲望无止境。 20. Difficult the first time, easy the second. 一回生,二回熟。 21. Do not change horses in mid-stream. 别在河流中间换马。 22. Do not have too many irons in the fire. 贪多嚼不烂。 23. Do not pull all your eggs in one basket. 别把所有的蛋都放在一个篮子里。(不要孤注一掷。) 24. Do not teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧。 25. East or west, home is the best. 东奔西跑,还是家里好。 26. Experience is the best teacher. 实践出真知。 27. Fact is stranger than fiction. 事实比虚构更离奇。(大千世界,无奇不有。)

中国俗语有趣翻译

中国俗语超有趣的英文翻译 前些天学用新的电脑软件把我累得够呛,我便向办公室同事们抱怨说老狗学不了新招了,一位同事笑说我是用中文讲英语。 教老狗学新招(teach an old dog new tricks)这样的说法我觉得其实根本不 用解释,有想象力的人都能明白,用来解闷再自然不过。 况且,以狗喻人在中文里的俗语也不少,譬如狗改不了吃屎,寓意真需要人解释才明白吗? 这个俗语至今倒还没有听过人以贴切的英语表述,我一下也捉摸不出恰如其分的办法来说它,欢迎你做尝试。 不过中国人发明的另一个借狗讽人的词倒已有前人引入英语。 走狗 用“走狗”来描绘有权势者的帮凶在中国至少可以追溯到清朝孔尚任的《桃花扇》:“正排着低品走狗奴才队,都做了高洁清风大英雄。” 蒲松龄在《聊斋志异》里也有一句“操杖隶皆绅家走狗”。 这个词有人考证在1937年首次介绍到英文里来,但转换过程中不知为何加快了狗的步伐,从走改作跑,叫running dog。 犹如男扮女装 想一想,这种语言的反串同男扮女装或女扮男装有点相似。功夫好,环境对,能让人感觉耳目一新,至少可以轻松笑笑,弄好了甚至能帮助人刷新眼界,刺激思考。 和男女反串一样,许多人心里对它或多或少还是不能完全接受,至少在英国如此,觉得这种行为不守道德规范,男不男,女不女,不太像话。 但对赞同者来说,这样做的一个刺激恐怕也就恰恰在于它是越轨行为。 纸老虎 纸老虎这个中国说法传到英语里来,现在即便不说人人皆知,流行也颇广泛。在我手边的《简明牛津字典》的老虎一栏的十几行注释里,它在第三行就已经出现了。 纸老虎用来比喻外表强大但实际上空虚无力,至少可以追溯到《水浒传》第25回:“急上场时,便没些用,见个纸虎,也吓一交。”

英语笔译技巧--省略法

英语笔译技巧--省略法 2017年英语笔译技巧--省略法 省略的目的在于使译文更加通顺流畅,更符合译文习惯。但需要注意的是,省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去,省略不能改变原文的意义。现从语法角度和修辞角度分别举例探讨省略法: 省略法是指在翻译中,原文中有些词在译文中可以省略,不必翻译出来。因为译文中虽然没有这个词,但是已经具有了原文这个词所表达的意思,或者这个词在译文中的意义是不言而喻的'。 (一)省代词 1.省略作主语的人称代词 (1)省略作主语的人称代词 根据汉语习惯,前句出现一个主语,后句如仍为同一主语,就不必重复出现。英语中通常每句都有主语,因此人称代词作主语往往多次出现,这种人称代词汉译时常常可以省略。 Ihadmanywonderfulideas,butIonlyputafewintopractice. 我有很多美妙的想法,但是只把少数付诸实践了。 (2)英语中,泛指人称代词作主语时,即使是作第一个主语,在汉语译文中往往也可以省略。 Weliveandlearn. 活到老,学到老。 Whenwillhearrive?—Youcannevertell. 他什么时候到?——说不准。 2.省略作宾语的代词

英语中有些作宾语的代词,不管前面是否提到过,翻译时往往可以省略。 Pleasetakeofftheoldpictureandthrowitaway. 请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。 3.省略物主代词 英语句子中的物主代词出现的频率相当高。一个句子往往会出现好几个物主代词,如果将每个物主代词都翻译出来,那么汉语译文就显得非常罗嗦。所以在没有其他人称的物主代词出现的情况下,在翻译时物主代词大多被省略。 Iputmyhandintomypocket. 我把手放进口袋。 (二)代词it的省略 it起着代词的作用,在译文中,当它被用作非人称或没有意义的时候,往往可以省略。 Outsideitwaspitchdarkanditwasrainingcatsanddogs. 外面一团漆黑,大雨倾盆。 Heglancedathiswatch;itwas7:15. 他一看表,是七点一刻了。 Ittookmealongtimetoreachthehospital. 我花了很长时间才到了医院。 Itisthepeoplewhoarereallypowerful. 人民才是最强大的。 (三)省略连接词

如何在翻译中运用省略法

首先请试译下列句子: 1. It is snowing. 2. Dr John resumed his experiment as soon as he came into the laboratory. 3. We took this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make a prompt shipment of the merchandise. 1. It is snowing. 译文一:它正在下雪。(×) 译文二:下雪了/在下雪。 分析:译文一字字对应译出,貌似“忠实”,但完全不合汉语表达习惯,实是错误译法。 2. Dr John resumed his experiment as soon as he came into the laboratory. 译文一:约翰博士一到实验室,他就继续做实验。(×) 译文二:约翰博士一到实验室就继续做实验。 分析:译文一将主从句的主语都译出,貌似“忠实”,但产生歧义,可能让人以为“他”和”约翰博士”是两个人。 3. We took this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make a prompt shipment of the merchandise. 译文一:我们借此机会告知你们现在我们可以立即装运那批货物。 译文二:兹奉告,该商品可即期装运。(简洁明确,公文惯例) 分析:译文二省却了“take this opportunity”和“in a position”等词语,还省译了三个人称代词,使译文更加符合汉语涉外文书的行文习惯。 省略法(omission),也叫减省译法,是指在翻译中,原文中有些词在译文中可以省略,不必翻译出来。因为译文中虽然没有这个词,但是已经具有了原文这个词所表达的意思,或者这个词在译文中的意义是不言而喻的。省略的目的在于使译文更加通顺流畅,更符合译文习惯。

中文俗语翻译

汉语的表现力十分丰富, 我国民间的俗语也很生动且富有哲理, 其中有的也大量应用于文章中. 同外国人交谈中, 适当地运用一些俗语, 既增加说服力, 又使谈话妙趣横生, 众人愉悦. 有些汉语俗语, 在法语中也可找到意思几乎完全对应的谚语, 当然只是有的所用比喻对象不同而已. 这里笔者把自己常用的一些谚语成语译出和辑录如下, 和同行交流切磋. -- 起个大早, 赶个晚集S’être levé t?t pour aller tard au marché. -- 抢别人的饭碗(吃过了地界) Bouffer dans la gamelle d’autrui. -- 知足者常乐Heureux celui à qui suffit ce qu’il possède. -- 半推半就Se laisser faire une douce violence. -- 藕断丝连Le lotus cassé, il en reste des filamants. -- 人是铁, 饭是钢. (法语字典句) : La soupe fait le soldat. -- 隔手的金子不如在手的铜Ne pas lacher la proie pour l’ombre. ( 或法语谚语 : Un tient vaut mieux que deux tu l’auras.) -- 自古英雄出少年Le talent n’attend pas le nombre des années. -- 大水冲了龙王庙Les inondations ont même atteint le temple du Roi du Dragon. -- 跳到黄河洗不清S’étant jeté dans le fleuve Jaune, il est difficile de se laver propre. -- 横挑鼻子竖挑眼Pointiller sans raisons valables. -- 绑住了能挨打On supporte tant bien que mal la torture quand on a les mains ligotées. (或法语句 : A la guerre comme à la guerre.) -- 请神容易送神难Facile de faire venir chez soi une personne, mais difficile de la congédier. -- 做席容易请客难Il est facile de préparer un d?ner, mais difficile d’avoir des invités. -- 客走主人安L’h?te de la maison n’aura plus de souci qu’après le départ des invités. -- 寡妇门前是非多Souvent, une veuve fait l’objet des qu’en-dira-t-on. -- 五百年前是一家On était de la même famille il y a 500 ans. -- 一笔写不出俩(李)字D’une seule plume, on écrit pas un autre nom de famille que le n?tre. -- 一家人不说二话On ne tient pas un autre langage du momemt qu’on se sent proche. -- 强龙不压地头蛇Un homme puissant mais étranger ne l’emporte pas sur celui du terroir. -- 给自己脸上贴金Se faire dorer la figure. ( Se dit de quelqu’un qui s’attribue une qualité ou un honneur qu’il ne mérite pas.) -- 打肿脸充胖子Se faire des enflures aux joues et passer pour un gros. ( Se dit de quelqu’un qui fait une chose dont il n’en a pas la capacité.)

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