2018年高考英语真题分类汇编专题15-16：语法填空与短文改错(含解析)

2018年高考英语真题分类汇编专题15：语法填空

一、语法填空（共4题；共40分）

1.（2018?卷Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal runners live three years________(long) than non-runners You don't have to run fast or for long________(see)the benefit You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________（die）early by running.

While running regularly can make you live forever, the review says it ________ (be)more effective at lengthening life ________walking ,cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________(cause).

The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ……

It's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces to ________(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always ________(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits other sports, so perhaps we should all give ________a try.

【答案】longer；to see；dying；is；than；that/which；causes；strengthen；energetic；it/running

【考点】语法填空

【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文，谈论跑步带来的好处。

⑴longer 考查形容词的比较等级。空后有than, 故此处用比较级longer。

⑵to see 考查非谓语动词。句意：你不必快跑或跑很长的距离才会看到益处，此处to see the benefit 作结果状语。故答案为to see。

⑶dying 考查非谓语动词。空前有介词of, 介词后出现动词，只能用这个动词的动名词形式作宾语。故答案为dying。

⑷is 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效。此处用一般现在时表示客观事实，it是第三人称单数，故答案为is。

⑸than 考查连词。句中it指代running, 空后是walking,都是动名词，再根据句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效，故填连词than。

⑹that/which 考查定语从句。空处为关系代词作定语从句的主语，先行词为a study, published in 2014是过去分词短语作a study的定语，定语从句没有紧跟在先行词后，属于定语从句的隔离现象。故答案为

that/which.

⑺causes 考查名词单复数。cause(原因，起因)是可数名词，前面有all,all 后可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，接可数名词要用复数。故答案为causes.

⑻strengthen 考查词性转换。空前有不定式符号to, 所以此处应该填strength的动词形式。故答案为strengthen。

⑼energetic 考查词性转换。根据前面的is cheap,easy,所以后面的is 后也应为形容词energetic此处意思应为“有效的，效果显著的”，主语不是人，不能翻译为“精力充沛的”。故答案为energetic。

⑽it/running 考查代词give it a try 试一试，为固定短语，根据上文，此处it指代running。故答案为

it/running。

【点评】语法填空题要求考生在特定的语境中，根据所提供的词汇和空格进行合乎形式、意义和逻辑的判断，既考查考生对基本词汇及语法的掌握，又考查其在具体语言环境中运用语言的能力。考点主要涉及到比较级（第一空）、非谓语（第二、三空）、主谓一致（第四空）、副词（第五空）、从属连词（第六空）、名词复数（第七空）、词形变化（第八、九空）、代词（第十空）等。

2.（2018?卷Ⅱ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country________（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over________past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

A taste for meat is________(actual) behind the change. An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of

rice________(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water________rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased________(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total________(globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government ________ (start) a soil-testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.

【答案】has grown；the；actually；to improve；than；pollution；global；started；that/which；feeding 【考点】语法填空

【解析】【分析】本文谈论中国人们饮食的变化，其根本原因是政府引导人们多种植玉米来减少因种植水稻时使用化肥而对水质产生的污染。

⑴has grown.考查谓语动词的时态。由句中的时间状语since 2011可知用现在完成时，主语the country是单数，故答案为has grown。

⑵the 考查冠词的用法。句意：在过去的25年，玉米的产量增长了差不多125%，而水稻只增长了7%。短语：in the past …years在过去的…年，故答案为the。

⑶actually 考查形容词副词的转换。句意：对肉的喜爱实际上是变化背后的原因。此处修饰动词，所以将

形容词actual变为副词，故答案为actually。

⑷to improve 考查不定式作目的状语。句意：政府鼓励农民种玉米而不中水稻，是为了改善水质。此处作目的状语，故答案为to improve。

⑸than考查连词的使用。句意：玉米的用水比水稻要少，并且产生化肥的径流量要少。由句意结合比较级less可知此处构成前后比较的关系，故答案为than。

⑹pollution 考查词性转化。句意：这种转换减少了国家的一些主要湖泊里的污染。此处是及物动词

decrease的宾语，所以用名词，故答案为pollution。

⑺global 考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行统计，中国占全球化肥消耗的30%。此处修饰名词fertilizer consumption，所以用形容词，故答案为global，全球的。

⑻started 考查时态。句意：在2005年，政府发起了一个土壤检测活动，这向农民推荐了具体的化肥的使用。此处是从句中的谓语，when指先行词2005，所以用一般过去时，故答案为started。

⑼that/which 考查定语从句关系词的选择。此处指代先行词a soil-testing program，并且在从句中作主语，

故答案为that或which。

⑽feeding 考查非谓语动词。while是连词，后跟动词-ing作伴随状语，故答案为feeding。

【点评】本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各

种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会

灵活词性转换。

3.（2018?卷Ⅲ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I'm not sure

________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the ________(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.

I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't

feel________(challenge).

My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ________(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours,

and my colleagues and I were worried.

When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ________(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay)and watch. 【答案】which；the；loudest；looking；challenged；scientist；for；them；meant；to stay

【考点】语法填空

【解析】【分析】本文讲述作者在中非的森林里偶遇大猩猩的经过。

（1）考查宾语从句连词的使用，由后面的me or the female gorilla可知表示选择，故答案为which（哪一个）。（2）考查冠词。at the top of one's lung是固定表达，表示“歇斯底里地叫喊”，故答案为the。

（3）考查最高级。根据提示loud可知此处应该用形容词，通过the以及of all可以推断此处是在做对比，

所以用loud的最高级，故答案为loudest。

（4）考查非谓语动词。avoid doing避免做某事，句意：我低下身子，避免与星星眼神接触，故答案为looking。

（5）考查系表结构。feel是系动词，后面通常跟形容词作表语。根据句意可知作者无法直视大猩猩是为了让它不会感到在受挑战，故答案为challenged，受到挑战的。

（6）考查词形转换。根据句意可知作者的身份应是科学家而不是科学，故答案为scientist。

（7）此处表示看到这三只大猩猩而发出尖叫，短语：scream for 因……而尖叫。故答案为for。

（8）考查代词的使用。作者很高兴发现了三只活着的大猩猩，作find的宾语用them，故答案为them。（9）考查动词的时态。由上下文可知此处用一般过去时，动词用过去时，故答案为meant。（10）考查非谓语动词，掌握allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事），故答案为to stay。

【点评】本文属于记叙文，考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇

记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。

4.（2018?浙江）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese________(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________can be to eat out. I still remember________(visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I________(shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.

While regularly eating out seems to________(become) common for many young people in recent years, it's

not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be________(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even________(high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems.

If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home

________dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.

【答案】dishes；who/that；it；visiting；was shocked；have become；affordable；higher；weight；for

【考点】语法填空

【解析】【分析】本文谈论自己做饭的好处：不仅有趣，有益于健康，而且很省钱。

（1）考查名词的单复数，dish菜，是可数名词，用复数表示泛指，故答案为dishes。

（2）此处考查定语从句，先行词westerners指人，关系代词在从句中做主语，用who或者that，故答案为who/that.

（3）考查it作形式主语的用法。宾语从句中缺少主语，而且指代to eat out，所以用it作形式主语，故答案为it。

（4）考查remember的用法，remember to do记得要做，remember doing,记得做过。此处表明记得拜访过，故答案为visiting.

（5）考查被动语态。句意：我仍然记得我拜访过在这里住了五年的一个朋友，并且当我得知她甚至一次都没有做过饭的时候，我被震惊了。此处我被某一个事实所震惊到，用被动语态，句子是一般过去时，be动词用was，加上过去分词shocked，故答案为was shocked.

（6）考查seem的用法。seem to have done,表明不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故答案为have become. （7）考查词性转化，be+adj,构成系表结构，所以此处用形容词，故答案为affordable.

（8）考查形容词的比较级。high形容词，而此处仍然需要形容词，even修饰比较级，故答案为higher. （9）考查名词作定语。名词作定语表类别用处，此处指重量方面的问题，故答案为weight.

（10）考查介词的固定搭配。go to sp for dinner去某处吃饭，故答案为for.

【点评】本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。

2018年高考英语真题分类汇编专题16：短文改错

一、改错题（共3题；共15分）

1.（2018?卷Ⅰ）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处语言错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词

注：⒈每处错误及其修改仅限一词；

⒉只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分

During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.

【答案】①I went to countryside的to后面加the;

②I find a big change there的find改为found;

③and another animals的another改为other;

④I went here again的here改为there；

⑤dozens of chicken的chicken改为chickens;

⑥They also had a small pond which they raised fish.的which前面加in或者将which改为where;

⑦by sell the fish的sell改为selling;

⑧I felt happily的happily改为happy;

⑨I planned to return for every two years的for去掉；

⑩but he agreed的but改为and.

【考点】短文改错

【解析】【分析】本文记叙了作者和父亲去乡下爷爷奶奶家所看到的家乡的变化。

①考查冠词，固定搭配go to the countryside，故答案为在to和countryside之间加the。

②考查时态，上文有时间状语last winter holiday，可知用过去时态，故答案为find改为found 。

③考查不定代词，another 指三者以上的另一个，other 意为其他的，表泛指，这里指其他的动物。故答

案为another改为other。

④考查副词，这里指去乡下，指那里。故答案为here改为there

⑤考查名词的单复数，这里指小鸡，可数名词，dozens of后接可数名词复数，故答案为chicken改为chickens。

⑥考查定语从句，先行词为地点名词，从句中差状语，故答案为which改为where /in which。

⑦考查非谓语动词，介词by后接动词ing形式，故答案为sell改为selling。

⑧考查形容词，feeI是系动词后接形容词作表语feel happy感到高兴，故答案为happily改为happy。

⑨考查介词，every two years 每两年，固定短语，for 是多余的，故答案为去掉for。

⑩考查连词，联系上下文，两句是顺承关系而不是转折关系，故答案为but改为and。

【点评】短文改错题以语篇为情境，主要考查考生的词、句、篇和语法的综合水平，特别是考生运用自己所学的语法知识，发现、判断、纠正文章中错误的能力。考点分布广泛，涉及到词法（介词、并列连词、冠词、名词单复数、非谓语、形容词/副词等）、句法（时态、从句）和逻辑等。

2.（2018?卷Ⅱ）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的一下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删改或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：⒈每处错误及修改均仅限一词；

⒉只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

When I was little, Friday's night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.

【答案】①Friday's night的Friday's改为Friday;

②of all sort的sort改为sorts;

③As the kid的the 改为a;

④asked to watching them的watching改为watch;

⑤my parents would not to let me的to去掉；

⑥They would say to us的us改为me;

⑦Still I unwilling to play the games的unwilling前加was;

⑧play the games for them的for改为with;

⑨I didn't realize how right my parents are的are改为were;

⑩where I was a child的where改为when.

【考点】短文改错

【解析】【分析】本文讲述作者小时候想看动画片，但是却被父母逼着做游戏，长大后才知道父母的良苦用心。

①考查名词所有格。在表达某一天的上午下午晚上时用普通格不用所有格，故答案为Friday's 改为Friday。

②考查名词的数。sort种类，是可数名词，同kind。all sorts of各种各样的。故答案为sort改为sorts。

③考查冠词的用法。句意：作为一个小孩，我喜欢看动画片。此处表示泛指，as a kid，故答案为the改为a。

④考查动词不定式。句意：但是不管有多少次我请求看（动画片），我的父母都不让我看。ask to do sth请求做某事。故答案为watching改为watch。

⑤考查过去将来时的结构。would是情态动词，后跟动词原形，故答案为去掉to。

⑥考查代词和句意。根据上下文可知是父母对“我”说，故答案为us改为me。

⑦考查动词的句法结构。此处unwilling是形容词，需要加上be动词才能构成谓语部分，根据上下文的时态可知此处是一般过去时，be动词用was，故答案为unwilling前加was。

⑧考查介词的用法。短语play sth with sb和某人玩……，故答案为for改为with。

⑨考查动词的时态。由本句中entered的时态可知用一般过去时，故答案为are改为were。

⑩考查连词辨析。句意：我小时候父母教给我的结果在后来的生活中是非常有用的。where表示地点，而

本句指作者“小时候”，故答案为where改为when。

【点评】本题考查对语法的综合运用能力，需要在充分理解短文的基础上对文章的逻辑关系、词法、句法，上下文等方面进行综合的判断，发现并改正错误。要具备完善的语法基础知识才能正确的改正错误。

3.（2018?卷Ⅲ）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删改或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：⒈每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

⒉只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well." Immediate, I raised my hand.

【答案】It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just . Everyone was silent, to see who would be called upon to read his her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy. I was afraid to speak in front of a group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that leaning from textbooks, and as well."

, I raised my hand.

【考点】短文改错

【解析】【分析】本文讲述作者上一节写作课的过程。

（1）句意：这是周一的早晨，写作课刚刚开始。过去完成时had+过去分词，而begin是动词原形，故答案为begin改为begun。

（2）根据句子结构，此处应用分词作状语，因此wait 改成waiting.。

（3）根据前面，每个人都在等待读他或者她自己的段落，因为everyone有男有女，用or表示或者，故把and改成or。

（4）be eager to do sth，固定词组，渴望做某事。故答案为eager后加to。

（5）此处修饰homework，应用形容词性物主代词，或者固定搭配do the homework，故myself改成my/the。（6）be afraid to do sth，而不是be afraid that句型，害怕做某事。故去掉that.

（7）读上下文，可知此处并没有比较的含义，故larger 改成large。

（8）引用别人的话，应用一般现在时态，而此处是单数第三人称，故include改成includes。

（9）and前后并列textbook和mistake都是可数名词，故mistake改成mistakes。

（10）此处修饰整个句子，副词修饰动词，形容词，另一个副词和句子，故immediate改成immediately。【点评】本题考查对语法的综合运用能力，需要在充分理解短文的基础上对文章的逻辑关系、词法、句法，上下文等方面进行综合的判断，发现并改正错误。要具备完善的语法基础知识才能正确的改正错误。

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4.He won the first prize and (surprise) all of us. 5.With so many people (communicate) in English every day, it will become more important to have a good knowledge of English. 6.Nowadays, almost everyone_ (realize) that smoking is harmful to people’s health. 7.There (be) no bus, I had to walk home. 8. (spend) more time on your study, and you are likely to make bigger progress. 9. (spend) more time on your study is necessary for you to make progress in study. 10.He totally devoted himself to science study, which (make) his family very upset. 11.What the shop (sell) now attracts a lot of customers. 12.The belief is that everyone (depend) on themselves, and the choice they make is of great importance. 二、判定为谓语动词，则去看它在句中所起的作用--名词（主，宾，表）；定语；或者状语。 考点突破 一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. _____________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全国)

江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总

江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：