[外语类试卷]大学英语六级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷270.doc

[外语类试卷]大学英语六级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷

270

一、Part I Writing

1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled It Pays to Be Honest by commenting on the saying, "Honesty is the best policy." You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.

Section A

（A）They often take risks.

（B）They're too conservative.

（C）They have no sense of security.

（D）They have no self-discipline.

（A）Financial security matters a lot to them.

（B）They chase every mark of the stock market.

（C）They're not so concerned with money.

（D）They make decisions based on short-term matters.

（A）Da

（B）Cs.

（C）Bs.

（D）As.

（A）They're willing to take risks.

（B）They have long-term financial plans. （C）They seldom go on instinct.

（D）They buy few stocks.

（A）The goals of the employees.

（B）The objectives of the organization. （C）The structure of the organization.

（D）The personal prospect of the leader. （A）The rewards for the leader.

（B）The reputation of a leader.

（C）The approach to achieving goals.

（D）The payment of employees.

（A）Find something you are passionate about. （B）Learn how to run a business.

（C）Make a business out of something. （D）Learn how to manage and lead people. （A）Avoid the difficult part in the job.

（B）Ask the company for help.

（C）Learn hard by working extra hours. （D）Find a more experienced counselor.

Section B

（A）Postponement.

（B）Preparation.

（C）Confidence.

（D）Information.

（A）The day before presentation.

（B）Before you're given the assignment. （C）Right after accepting the assignment. （D）When you're already on the stage.

（A）It catches every audience's attention. （B）It makes the audience daydreamers.

（C）It determines listeners' understanding level. （D）It helps the speakers to organize ideas. （A）It happened in the night.

（B）There was no survivor.

（C）A lorry collided with a coach.

（D）The collision was caused by fog.

（A）Workers' long working hours.

（B）Workers' poor working conditions.

（C）The low rate of inflation.

（D）The high level of unemployment.

（A）It ended soon when the bus drivers' demand was satisfied. （B）It would continue despite offer for wage increase.

（C）It wouldn't end until next Monday.

（D）It failed for both sides couldn't reach an agreement.

（A）It burned out 6 towns.

（B）4 people lost their lives so far.

（C）24 people were injured.

（D）About 300,000 houses were burnt down.

Section C

（A）The Internet that brings buyers and sellers together.

（B）The founders with a successful business background. （C）The sound management that helps making money.

（D）The enormous financial power derived from production. （A）She likes all the senior staff in the company very much. （B）She has recently bought an experienced management team. （C）She had already been successful before founding eBay.

（D）She was the first CEO to emphasize profitability in eBay.

（A）Because the online marketplace that it provides sells goods quickly. （B）Because they have sales assistants to deal with the capital effectively. （C）Because their capital is not used in buildings, factories, and warehouses. （D）Because they produce, sell and ship things in an extremely efficient way. （A）They are too late to occupy some of the important markets.

（B）The sellers have stolen goods and sold them through eBay.

（C）The buyers have often put in false bids to increase the price.

（D）They encounter the bottleneck after 11 years of development.

（A）It is unaccepted by so many students.

（B）It is taken directly from students' salary.

（C）It becomes low when the loan is received.

（D）It begins right after the loan is received.

（A）Because many jobs require both the degree and work experience.

（B）Because the British companies emphasize more on work experience. （C）Because now graduates are always not willing to start at the bottom. （D）Because a university degree nowadays is no longer worth the tuition. （A）1.96 million.

（B）19.6 million.

（C）1.97 million.

（D）19.7 million.

（A）Feeling is expressed by using "I feel as if..."

（B）Feeling is expressed by using "I feel it."

（C）Thought is expressed by using "I feel like..."

（D）Thought is expressed by using "I feel + adj."

（A）Showing other people how much we care about them.

（B）Respecting the feelings and emotions of other people.

（C）Understanding and analyze our emotions thoroughly.

（D）Practising getting a positive value from our emotions.

（A）Ask them why they ignore your feelings.

（B）Listen to them in a non-judgmental way.

（C）Criticize, advise, control or lecture them.

（D）Try not to spend too much time with them.

Section A

26 After Susan Joyce was laid off, she was horrified to hear of two suicides in her layoff group. Such cases may sound【C1】______, but being fired or laid off is undeniably one of life's biggest blows and can lead to clinical depression, violence and alcohol【C2】______, and so forth. Even the fear of losing a job produces more doctor visits and health worries.

Layoffs create a sense of hopelessness. Stress-related complaints such as insomnia(失眠)and headaches tend to follow,【C3】______even after victims find new jobs, says University of Michigan psychologist Richard Price.

Your health can【C4】______simply from fear of losing your job, says Sarah Burgard, a sociologist at the University of Michigan. After【C5】______data from two large national surveys, she concluded that【C6】______job insecurity over a two-year period rivals the anxiety of a job loss or a major illness. Fears of poor job【C7】______may have similar consequences. When Swedish researchers asked 21-year-olds about their health during a recession, they reported more problems than a comparison group during a 【C8】______.

If your stomach starts churning(翻腾)when you hear bad economic news, Susan Joyce, who now runs a job-hunting Website, has some tips. Start a discreet search as soon as you see danger signs in your current position. Prepare【C9】______by cutting costs and building up disaster funds. Get help if you or a loved one can't shake the blues. Watch for signs of depression: changes in eating and sleeping habits, significant changes in weight, loss of interest in some pleasures. And, if possible, make health insurance a priority, as you may be more【C10】______to illness.

A)deteriorate E)extreme I)abuse M)suffer

B)analyzing F)lingering J)chronic N)vulnerable

C)prospects G)occupations K)financially O)vanishing

D)occasionally H)boom L)genuine

27 【C1】

28 【C2】

29 【C3】

30 【C4】

31 【C5】

32 【C6】

33 【C7】

34 【C8】

35 【C9】

36 【C10】

Section B

36 How to Keep Your New Year's Resolutions

[A]About half of all American adults say they are at least somewhat likely to make a New Year's resolution this year. Their top vows: to lose weight, quit smoking and exercise more. But consider this: if hard-core addicts can break bad habits—some by moderating, not just quitting—there's still hope for you. Whether your goal for this year is to get fit or tame your drinking, experts say there's a lot you can learn from people who have successfully moderated their habits to help keep you off the resolution merry-go-round.

1. Don't Kid Yourself

[B]"The most important thing is to be honest with yourself," says Howard Josepher, the president of Exponents Inc., an organization that provides support and educational services to people with substance-misuse issues. "You need to know the difference between enjoying yourself and self-medicating. It's not that self-medicating is necessarily bad—but you should give yourself parameters. If you are adhering to them, OK. If not, you need to check yourself."

[C]Successful moderators decide in advance how much is too much—and stick to their limit, no matter what. Have a cookie a day if that's what you've deemed acceptable. But if you cheat by having "just one more," know that you are only cheating yourself and worsening the problem, experts say. The point is to learn how to hold yourself accountable.

[D]For those who are concerned in particular about drinking, a free, research-based online tool called Drinker's Checkup can help you determine whether you are drinking at unhealthy levels, and what to do if you are.

2. Quit Cold Turkey—Temporarily

[E]"Theoretically, there are very good reasons to take a break from a behavior, totally," says Reid Hester, director of research at Behavior Therapy Associates, explaining that an initial period of complete abstinence(节制)can make it easier for people to moderate behavior by eliminating the habitual, automatic aspect of the unwanted activity.

[F]Take a cue from the self-help group Moderation Management(MM), which advises problem drinkers to abstain completely for a month before attempting moderate drinking. If you can't achieve a month of abstinence, the thinking goes, successful moderation is unlikely.

[G]The best way to stay on course is frequent self-monitoring: use as many behavior-modification tools, support groups and programs as you can. In October, Hester and colleagues published a randomized controlled trial in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment comparing heavy drinkers who used MM's website to help them quit with those who used the MM site plus another online tool that teaches behavior-control tactics and helps chart drinking. While both groups significantly reduced their drinking and alcohol-related problems, the group that used the additional tool had more days abstinent and drank less when they drank.

3. Do What the Buddhist Would Do

[H]Alan Marlatt, director of the Addictive Behaviors Research Center at the University

of Washington, studies "mindfulness-based relapse(重新染上)prevention," which uses meditation(冥想)and other ideas from Buddhist teachings to help people break bad habits.

[I]"Between stimulus and response, there's a space, and in that space is our power to choose our response, and in our response lies our growth and freedom," says Marlatt, quoting author and Holocaust survivor Victor Frankl. Marlatt says, "Mindfulness gets you into that space."

[J]Being mindful may involve traditional meditation, in which you sit quietly and observe your thoughts and breathing without judgment. But here, it is also used to focus awareness on thoughts and feelings that lead to unwanted behavior. Simply recognizing the triggers to relapse can help you choose not to give into them. "When there's a fork in the road, strong desire is pulling you one way. Well, what's the other way? You have to look down the other road and see where it takes you. Then you have a choice, instead of being on autopilot," says Marlatt.

[K]One tactic he recommends for resisting those desires is called "urge-surfing." It involves being mindful of the fact that desire is like a wave—it rises to a peak, then falls. This happens whether you yield to the urge or not, though most people mistakenly think their desire will escalate endlessly unless they give in. In fact, yielding to desire only reinforces them—resisting, in contrast, reinforces resistance. Marlatt advises watching your urge, noting its peak and "surfing" it, rather than allowing it to wipe you out.

[L]Another trick is to recognize that willpower is like a muscle—it gets stronger with appropriate use but ultimately weakens if overloaded. That's why Hester recommends setting short-term goals that are "moderately difficult, realistic, concrete and measurable." As with weight-lifting, starting at a level that is challenging but not ovenvhelming can provide a sense of achievement and success—which can give you the drive to take on bigger challenges.

4. Don't Try to Scare Yourself Straight

[M]Research shows that in the long term, the pleasure of victory is a better incentive than the agony of defeat. "Punishment is a poor motivator," says Hester. "It sets people up for failure. If all you do is punishing yourself for failure, you won't stay motivated to change for very long."

[N]Instead, reward yourself for sticking to your limits and focus on the benefits of changing. For instance, if your goal is to drink less or lose weight, treat yourself to something you want—a new book or DVD, say—each time you successfully resist a tempting dessert or achieve a goal, like a month of abstinence. Success tends to give birth to greater success. If you do slip back into old patterns, avoid blame. "Don't say, 'I can't do it,' " says Marlatt. "People make mistakes. If you keep working at it, you will get better over time. That's what the research shows."

[N]For some people, trying to moderate bad habits is not achievable or takes more effort than abstaining altogether—as the philosopher St. Augustine put it, "Complete abstinence is easier than perfect moderation." Recognizing this by trying and failing can also be a critical step toward behavior change.

5. Get Better Friends

[O]Consciously and unconsciously, people tend to imitate those around them. That's why the latest research shows that things like happiness, smoking quitting and obesity can spread like an infectious disease through social networks. So surround yourself with friends who can also be role models. "Make sure that people you hang out with are people who look and act the way you would like to. Social imitation is the easiest form not only of flattery but of self-improvement," says Stanton Peele, author of Seven Tools to Beat Addiction.

[P]Social support is critical to changing all kinds of behavior. Good friends can not only help you through slip-ups but also help keep your New Year's resolutions from taking over your life. Rather than obsessing about what you shouldn't be doing, think about things you should, experts say. The distraction will help you curb bad habits. "Focus on your higher goals and positive activities, things that both sustain you and fill your life," says Peele. If you regularly engage in meaningful activities that give you pleasure—whether it's visiting friends, picking up a hobby, taking a class or doing volunteer work—you'll simply have less time to engage in the behavior that you want to reduce.

37 Using meditation can help people quit bad habits.

38 Willpower gets stronger if it is used appropriately.

39 Self-medicating is a bad thing unless you adhere to the parameters.

40 Mindfulness gets people into space between stimulus and response.

41 An online tool can help you determine whether you are drinking too much.

42 A self-help group advices alcohol addicts to try a complete abstinence before moderate drinking.

43 It is advisable for you to give yourself a little prize once you achieve a goal, like a month of abstinence.

44 Research shows that in the long term, it is the pleasure of victory that motivates you

to keep the resolution you have made.

45 As people tend to be affected by those around them, happiness as well as some bad habits can spread like an infectious disease.

46 It can be concluded from the randomized controlled trial that it's helpful to use as many behavior-modification tools as possible.

Section C

46 Widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles could dramatically cut greenhouse gas pollution and reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil. But results of an electric-car pilot project presented recently at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science provide added incentive to go electric: Car owners could return unused electricity back to the grid(输电网)and make real money while doing it.

Electric cars need big, powerful batteries to accelerate to highway speeds and travel scores or even several hundred kilometers on a single charge. But because most drivers drive just a few dozen kilometers a day, most of that battery capacity sits unused. To take advantage of that storage capacity, Willett Kempton, director of the University of Delaware's Center for Carbon-Free Power Integration in Lewes, teamed up with an electric car maker, several utilities, a software company, and PJM Interconnection, one of 10 regional organizations that coordinate and control the U.S. electrical grid.

To ensure that electricity flows steadily and without interruption, the U.S. government requires PJM Interconnection and its counterparts to have reserves of power in case a generator goes down and other electrical reserves to maintain the 60-Hz frequency of alternating current that our appliances and devices are accustomed to dealing with. Today, PJM Interconnection and its counterparts pay conventional power plants to maintain this reserve power. But as renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, which provide energy cleanly but intermittently, come online, these grid operators need to increase their storage capacity to ensure a steady electricity supply. So Kempton and his colleagues set out to provide some of the backup power from a fleet of parked electric cars.

Kempton's team used an electric car from AC Propulsions, a California car company, which was custom-built to provide electricity back to the grid. They used commercially available software and hardware that companies such as PJM Interconnection use to monitor and control energy flow. In November, the company hooked the grid up to the

car, and Kempton's team's electric car became the first car in the world to earn its keep as a backup electric power source. At the rates that PJM Interconnection pays today to maintain power reserves, a hooked-in electric car could generate $1,800 a year for its owner.

"I think it's tremendously exciting," says Kathryn Clay, director of research for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. "The extra dollars an electric car provides will not be enough by themselves to get consumers to adopt grid-enabled vehicles—for that we also need better and less expensive batteries and tax incentives to give the market an encouragement" Nevertheless, "it's an incentive to push in the right direction."

47 What do most electric car owners do every day?

（A）They charge the battery to travel hundreds of kilometers.

（B）They charge the battery so as to reach highway speeds.

（C）They recharge before the battery storage is used up.

（D）They use only a minority of the battery storage.

48 In order to maintain the 60-Hz frequency of alternating current, PJM Interconnection must _____.

（A）have reserves of power

（B）have other electric reserves

（C）ensure the steady flow of electricity

（D）ensure the operation of generators

49 What is true about renewable energy sources such as wind and solar?

（A）They reduce the dependence on backup power.

（B）They increase the necessity for backup power.

（C）They are the main sources of backup power.

（D）They are regarded as the best back power.

50 In the research on the custom-built car, the commercially available software and hardware_____.

（A）enabled the car to control its energy flow

（B）enabled the grip operators to monitor the car's energy flow

（C）were provided by PJM Interconnection for Kempton's team

（D）were custom-designed for Kempton's team

51 Kathryn Clay thinks that money made by providing electricity back to the grip _____. （A）can cover the expenses on the car

（B）isn't as effective as other incentives

（C）isn't attractive enough for consumers

（D）may increase remarkably in the future

51 In the thrilling progressive years of the early 20th century, few things were more attractive than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, massive immigration, and chaotic urban growth, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War II, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy and to resist tyranny(暴政).

Behind every statistic, there's a good story: facts and figures can add up to something greater than each of themselves.

In the America of our own time, the great educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines(science, technology, engineering, and math). There is considerable and justified concern that the

United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines.

At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant income and because they provide no obvious certificates for most nonacademic careers.

There is no doubt that American education should be training more scientists and engineers and should be teaching scientific literacy to everyone else. But the idea that institutions or their students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally ruined without humanistic knowledge as well. Science and technology teach us what we can do. Humanistic thinking can help us understand what we should do.

The humanities are not simply vehicles of aesthetic reward and intellectual inspiration. Science and technology aspire to clean, clear answers to problems. The humanities address ambiguity, doubt, and skepticism—essential supports in a complex and diverse society and a turbulent world.

It is not surprising that many of our greatest scientists are also deeply committed to humanistic knowledge and values. Nor should it be surprising that many humanistic fields find scientific tools essential to their work Among academics, scientists and humanists not only coexist, but often work together. It is mostly in the politics of education that debates over the relative value of these different disciplines take place.

It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both.

52 Which of the following problem was the biggest concern of the scholars after the two world wars?

（A）Economic depression.

（B）The loss of public confidence.

（C）The survival of democracy.

（D）Humanistic studies.

53 By mentioning the "good story" "behind every statistic", the author intends to

（A）value both science and humanities

（B）put facts and figures before statistic

（C）indicate the correct way of research

（D）illustrate his point by using statistic

54 What is the author's attitude towards the concern that the United States is falling behind in the STEM disciplines?

（A）He finds it groundless.

（B）He finds it sensible.

（C）He looks at it with doubt.

（D）He looks at it with caution.

55 What is regarded as "essential supports" in a complex and diverse society and a turbulent world?

（A）The combination of science and humanities.

（B）Solutions to ambiguity, doubt, and skepticism.

（C）Ambiguity, doubt, and skepticism.

（D）The humanistic knowledge and values.

56 In the last paragraph, "the remarkable works" are most probably done by

（A）scientists and engineers

（B）humanists and scientists

（C）scientists

（D）humanists

二、Part Ⅳ Translation

57 春运(Chunyun)是指中国春节前后一段时期里出现的一种高负荷交通运输，一般从春节前15天开始，持续约40天。对大多数中国人来说，在春节期间与家人团聚是一个悠久的传统。人们从工作、读书的地方回到家里，在除夕夜与家人一起吃团圆饭。春运期间的客流量(passenger now)在近10年来每年都已超过中国的总人口。春运被称为每年世界上最大的人类迁徙活动。在这期间，铁路运输往往经历最大的考验。

大学英语六级考试阅读冲刺模拟训练.doc

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2013年传热学期中考试答案

南昌大学 2013～2014学年第一学期期中考试试卷 1. 内燃机气缸壁厚8mm δ=,热导率50/(.)w W m K λ=,燃气与气缸内表面的对流换热系数2600/(.)ci h w m K =,辐射传热系数230/(.)ri h w m K = ,汽缸壁外表面与冷却水的对流传热系数21800/(.)o h w m K =。设内燃机气缸壁可近似为平壁，试计算内燃机气缸壁传热的总热阻t R 。运行一段时间后，冷却水侧结了1mm 厚的水垢，水垢的热导率2/(.)f W m K λ=，试估算由于水垢引起的总热阻的相对变化。(15分) 答:（1）无水垢时： 11 ()10.0081 0.0023/(60030)150118001 W t i w o ci ri W o R R R R h h A A h A K W δλ=++=++ += ++=+??? （7分） （2）有水垢时： 11 ()10.0080.0011 0.0028/(60030)150******** f W t i w f o ci ri W f o R R R R R h h A A A h A K W δδλλ'=+++=+++ += +++=+???? （6分） （3）总热阻的相对增加：0.00280.0023 21.86%0.0023 t t t R R R '--==（2分） 2.由导热微分方程的一般形式如下： ()()()v t t t t c q x x y y z z ρλλλτ???????=+++??????? 简述上面方程中各项的物理意义。（2）将其简化成二维、非稳态、无内热源常物性的导热微分方程。（8分） 燃气 气缸内壁面 气缸外壁面 水垢外壁面 冷却水

2020年秋季小学期中考试总结

( 工作总结 ) 单位：_________________________ 姓名：_________________________ 日期：_________________________ 精品文档 / Word文档 / 文字可改 2020年秋季小学期中考试总结Summary of mid term examination in autumn 2020

2020年秋季小学期中考试总结 这个星期，我们学校准备了一次期中考试，我以为自己考得很好，可是，当昨天语文试卷发下来的时候，我完全惊呆了，卷面上写着鲜红的74分。这是我的试卷吗?不可能呀，我不可能只考了这么几分。我怎么会考得这么差?是我没有认真复习?我在心里一遍又一遍地问自己。我越想越难过，几乎都要哭出来了。 今天，在我去订正试卷的时候，语文老师对我说：“有两门课的成绩我不知道，但是，我知道的两门你都考得很差。”我听了，心里更加难过了。我心想：语文老师说我有两门课考得很差，一门是语文，成绩我已经知道了，但是，还有是哪一门课呀?是英语吗?不可能，我记得英语老师说过，老师还没有把试卷改好。是数学还是科学?就这样，一个中午就在一片忧虑中度过了。

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