上海新世纪英语高二年级下学期Unit8教材精讲

伴你成长高二新世纪（下）

Unit 8 Enjoying the Classics (2)

2、重点词组

把……误以为mistake … for…

导致bring about

完全有理由做某事have every reason to do sth.

拿掉；脱去pull off

弯腰，屈身bend down

具有……的才华be gifted with

成废墟，被毁灭in ruins

平静地，安静地in peace

逐步建立build up

负债in debt

竞选run for

被指控be accused of

突然开始burst out

看穿see through

3、重点语法

Should+ Have Done 情态动词(2)：情态动词表达虚拟语气

Vocabulary and Patterns

1. fate n. 命运

They met with a terrible fate．

他们的结局十分可怕。

He expected to spend his life in Germany，but fate had decided otherwise．

他希望到德国生活，而命运却偏偏另有安排。

by a twist of fate由于命运的安排，由于阴错阳差

By a twist of fate，they met again In New York ten years later．

这真是命运的安排．他们十年后又在纽约相遇了。

fatal adj.命中注定的,决定性的；致命的

a fatal wound致命伤，不治之症

The loss of all my money was fatal to my plan．钱都亏损了，把我的计划也毁灭了。

2．ruin n. 毁坏，破产；前途断送；废墟

Gambling was his ruin (=the ruin of him). 赌博是他堕落的原因。

be／lie in ruins成为废墟；破败不堪

The building is in ruins after the earthquake．

地震过后那建筑物已成断壁残垣。

vt. to spoil or destroy sth．completely使……毁坏；使……断送前途

She poured water aIl over my painting and ruined it．

她把水倒在了我的画上，毁了画。

I was ruined by that law case．我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。

ruin one’s hope／health／life毁掉……希望／健康／一生

His greed ruined his life．贪婪毁了他的一生。

3. confess v．承认，坦白

confess(to) doing．．．坦白confess to sb．that．．．(同义词：admit)

She confessed to stealing the money．她承认偷了钱。

He eventually confessed to the police that he had committed the murder．

他最终向警方供认了他杀人之事。

4. evident adj. 显然的，明显的

It is evident that…= It is clear／obvious that．．．

It was evident that she was lying．显然她说谎。

evidently adv.= clearly／obviously 明显地

Evidently she has concealed the truth from the police．

很显然她向警方隐瞒了真相。

evidence n.证据

The police have evidence that the killer was an old woman．

警察有证据证明凶手是个老年妇女。

A smile gives evidence of her consent．微笑表明她同意。

5. accuse vt. 指控，指责

accuse sb．of (be accused of murder)指控某人有某罪

the accused被告人

The police accused him of murder／robbery．警方指控他犯有谋杀罪／盗窃罪。比较：

charge sb. with sth. (be charged with robbery) 指控某人犯有某罪

He was charged with neglecting his duty．他被控犯玩忽职守罪。

blame sb．for sth．／blame sth．on sh．因某事责备某人

be to blame for sth 对某事应负责任；应受责备

Don’t blame it on him, but on me．别怪他，该怪我。

City residents blame migrant workers for the sharp rise in the urban crime rate．

城市居民责怪民工造成了城市犯罪率大幅度上升。

Who is to blame for the loss? 谁该为这次损失自责?

6．bend v．(bent，bent) 弯腰；使弯曲

bend the bow弯弓bend one’ s brows皱眉

bend down to do sth. 弯腰做bend to one’s fate屈服于命运

I bent down to lift the box off the floor. 我弯下腰提起地板上的箱子。

n. 转弯处，弯角; 弯曲 a sharp／sudden bend急转弯

7．mistake vt．(mistook，mistaken)

(1)to understand something wrongly误解

She mistook my meaning entirely. 她完全误解了我的意思。

(2)to wrongly think that one person or thing is someone or something else误认

mistake sb．／sth．for sb．／sth 误把……当作

It is easy for children to mistake brightly—colored pills for sweets．

孩子很容易误把彩色药丸当作糖果。

n. 错误

a spelling mistake一个拼写错误

make a mistake in sth. 在……犯错误

We may have made a mistake in our calculations．

我们可能在计算方面犯了一个错误。

by mistake错误地(做……某事)

She put salt into her tea by mistake．她错把盐放进茶里了。

make a mistake about sth．／sb．误会了某事／某人

Please don’t make any mistakes about me. I meant no harm.

请不要对我有任何的误解，我无意要伤害你。

be mistaken(about sth．) 弄错

It can’t have been my raincoat．You must be mistaken．

那一定不是我的雨衣，你一定弄错了。

8．bring about= result in= lead to= cause= give rise to引起；带来

What brought about his illness? 他怎么得病的?

The invention of the computer has brought about great changes to people’s life．电脑的发明已给人们的生活带来了极大的变化。

bring up抚养

Jack was born in France and brought up in America．

杰克生在法国，在美国被抚养长大。

bring out推出(新产品)；显示出；阐明

They are bringing out a new model of the car next year．

明年他们将推出这种汽车的新型号产品。

His responsibility brought out his ability to organize the debate contest．

他的责任使得他组织辩论赛的能力得到了彰显。

9．have every reason to do something 完全有理由(做某事)

He never cheats in the exam, so you have every reason to believe it is his real mark.

他在考试中从不作弊，因此你完全有理由相信这是他的真实成绩。

10．pull off 脱掉；获得成功(口语)

pull off one’s shoes= take off one’s shoes脱下鞋

The task is difficult, but we pulled it off．

任务是艰巨的．但是我们成功地完成了。

pull sth．down= tear sth．down拆毁(建筑物)

They are pulling down the old houses to make way for a new hospital.

为了给新医院腾出地方，他们正在拆除那些旧房屋。

pulled in／out of驶进／驶出

Look! The train is pulling in／out of the station．

看，火车正驶进／出车站。

11．in peace 处于和平局面，宁静

at war处于战争中，在交战

at work在工作

The country is in peace with its neighbors for the first time in years．

多年来这个国家第一次与其邻国和平相处。

keep／disturb the peace保持／打破宁静，维护／扰乱治安

The job of the police is to keep the peace．

警察的工作是维护治安。

make peace with和……讲和．和解

By the end of the century，France had made peace with Britain．

到该世纪末，法国与英国和解了。

12．build up 增进，增大；加强

to build up one’s strength增强体力

At sea the wind can build up giant, powerful waves．

在海上风能形成巨大强劲的波浪。

Promote physical culture and build up the people’s health．

发展体育运动，增强人民体质。

13．in debt 负债

I'm heavily／deep in debt at the moment，hut hope to be out of debt when I get paid．我目前负债累累，希望收到薪水后能还债。

get／run／fall into debt负债

If we spend more than our income，we’ll run into debt．

如果我们花得比赚得多，我们就会欠债。

14．run for 竞选，让……竞选

He didn’t want to run for President in that year．

那年他不想参加总统竞选。

The party will run Williams for governor of the state．

该党将让Williams竞选州长。

run across偶然碰到

I ran across her in the library yesterday．

我昨天在图书馆碰到她。

run after sb. /sth．追逐，追求

He’s always running after younger women.

他总是追求更年轻的女人。

run out (of) (某物)用完／用完(某物)

My patience was running out．我的耐心没有了。

They ran out of money and had to abandon the project.

他们用完了钱不得不放弃该工程。

run over(车辆)碾压，压死／伤：溢出

He nearly ran over that dog 他差点压死那条狗。

The cup was full and the water in it was running over．

杯子满了，里面的水要溢出来了。

15．burst out crying=burst into tears突然大哭

She burst out crying when she heard the bad news．

她听到这个不幸的消息，突然大哭起来。

16. see through sb. ／sth．看穿……；识破……

I can’t fool her，she can see through me every time．

我不能愚弄她，每次她都能识破我。

see sth. through把……进行到底

Now that we’ve started the project，we'll have to see it through.

既然我们已开始这项工程，我们就得把它坚持到底。

see sb. off给……送行，送别

I’d like to ask for leave this afternoon. I’ll go to the airport to see my mother off．

下午我要请个假，我去了机场为父母送行。

see to处理(某事)，负责做(某事)，照顾(某人)

Well, I must go and see to things．呃，我必须走了，去处理事情。

Who is seeing to the arrangements for the next meeting? 谁负责安排下次会议?

see to it tha t负责做到，设法做到，注意做到……(同义词：make sure that…，be sure that…) See to it that the door is locked before you leave the room．务必在离开房间之前锁上门。

See to it that you attend the meeting on schedule．务必准时参加会议。

分层练习

A．基础练习

I．Spelling.

a．Fill in each blank with a word using the hints in the brackets．

1. Since he looked very much like the prince, his true___________ (who or what sb. / sth is) went

undetected.

2. I do not have such power. I have been falsely___________ (to say sb. has broken the law). 3．You are free, good woman，you and your child，for I believe you are___________(not guilty of wrongdoing)

4．The pauper(贫民) Tom had，by a___________ (change or development)of fate，been mistaken

for the Prince of Wales．

5．When the woman___________ (to be eager to get) it and utters the right words，either in her mind or with her___________ (the movable part of body，used to speak，to taste)．

b．Fill in the blanks with the word from the text. The first letter of the word has been given. 6．The king asked whether the woman had _c_________ their crime?

7．Certain witnesses saw them there，your majesty and this could have _a_________ suspicion. 8．They recognized the _w_________ of this question．

9．He said，eagerly：“That is wonderful! Has it always this _d_________ effect?”

10．Take _c_________ and make a storm，and your life shall be spared；you and your child will go free．

11．The woman protested that she had no power to do the _m_________ or else she would gladly save her child’s life alone．

12．Several old heads nodded and they _r_________ the cleverness of the king’s question．13．If my mother were in her place and _g_________ with this power，she would not have to call her storms and lay the whole land in ruins to save my life．

14．They denied the crime they had _c_________ .

15．To satisfy his _c_________，the king asked a couple of questions．

Ⅱ．Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.

1．The _ _________ (guilty)of the accused man was in doubt．

2．To our great astonishment，the 12-year-old boy was one of the _ ____ (crime)in the robbery．3．She spared no efforts to find a _ _________ (peace) solution to the problem，

4．The white-haired couple are so warm-hearted that they always help those in trouble without _ _________ (hesitate)．

5．I have a _ _________ (suspicious)that she is not telling me the truth．

III．Complete each of the following sentences with a word or a phrase in its p roper form. be gifted with mistake… for accuse… of in peace a case in point pull off in ruins hesitate arouse suspicion

deny eager have every reason

1．She let out a cry of fear all of a sudden，for she _ _____ that stick_ _____ a snake. 2．Don’t _ _____ to do everything，or you will miss opportunities．

3．The police committed a mistake when they tried to_ _____her_ _____the theft.

4．_ _____ a good voice，she became a leading musician．

5．People all over the world have the desire that the world can be_ _____ for ever.

6．Look at what you have done! Don’t imagine you can_ _____that.

7．Under the circumstances，we _ _____ to believe that the Shark would win the season．8．He tried to give us a perfect explanation．However, the more he explained, the more _ _____ we_ _____．

9．If you feel hot，you might as well_ _____your jacket．

10．There is no denying that everyone _ _____for success．

IV．Complete the sentences according to the Chinese given．

1．A woman______________________(误把他当作一位名演员)，and asked him for his autograph．(mistake)

2．Many pupils volunteered ______________________ (在就餐时段分派食物)．(serve) 3．Having been questioned for days, he eventually______________________ (向警方供认了他所做的事)．(confess)

4．UFO is likely______________________ (引起科学家们的兴趣)．(arouse)

5．The invention of the computer_________________ (已给人们的生活带来了极大的变化) (bring about)

6．The country______________________ (与其邻国和平相处)for the first time in years．(peace) 7．As a youth，Einstein ______________________ (就有罕见的天资)．(gifted)

8．______________________ (是不可思议的)living in a place where there are no cars．(imagine) 9．The police _________________ (取了指纹来鉴定尸体)，which is permitted by law．(identify) 10．_________________ (毫不迟疑地)，she jumped into the river after the child．(hesitation)

B．能力提升

I．V ocabulary．

( )1．Chinese medicine is a treasure-house；efforts should be made to________ it．A．discover B．explore C，survey D．search

( )2．Did the city lie in ________after the earthquake?

A．amazement B．reward C．debt D．ruins

( )3．Gradually I lost the ________to speak out about anything．

A．nerve B．fate C．courage D．gift

( )4．It’s beyond the________ of the court to make such a decision．

A．power B．energy C．force D．curiosity

( )5．The small country has been ________as a dependent country．

A．terrified B．recognized C．ordered D．practiced

( )6．When climbing the hill John was knocked unconscious by an________ rolling stone．A．untouched B．unexpected C．unfamiliar D．unbelievable

( )7．Alice trusts you；only you can ________ her to give up the foolish idea．A．suggest B．attract C．tempt D．persuade

( )8．I saw Bob play the piano at John’s party and on that ________he was simply brilliant．A．scene B．circumstance C．occasion D．situation

( )9．He said nothing about the terrible meal she had cooked for he didn’t want to ________ her fun．

A．damage B．destroy C．deny D．spoil

( )10．There was a large crowd in the square，________ against the war．

A．shouting B．protesting C．confessing D．accusing

II．Translation

1．那无家可归的平民被误控杀人。(commit)

2．很显然受惊吓的司法官误将废弃的文件当成自己的报告。( evident)

3．为满足好奇心，这位诧异的记者弯下腰仔细地看看那只稀有动物。(puzzle, stare)

4．虽未表露出来，但这好心的仙子想要帮助丑小鸭。(desire )

5．考虑到上述事实，我们完全有理由相信乱砍滥伐会导致灾难。(account, bring)

语法精讲

The Modal Verbs(2) 情态动词(2)

Should+ Have Done

情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法：

情态动词should，ought to，needn’t，might，could，would+ have done用于虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反的事情，常带有责备等感情色彩，具体用法如下：

1．should have done表示“本来应该傲某事而实际上未做”．而shouldn’t have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。

You should have told me about it earlier．你早该告诉我的。(实际没告诉)

You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents．(实际说了)

2．ought to have don e也表示“本应该……”，而ought not to have done则意为“本不应该……”。ought to语气比should更强烈。

You ought to have locked the door before going to bed．你本该睡前锁好门的。

He ought not to have treated his parents like that．他太不该那样对待他的父母。

3．needn’t have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。

I needn’t have written to him since he called me later．

我不需要写信给他，因为他后来打电话给我了。

注意：didn’t need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”。

I didn’t need to clean the windows. My brother did it．

我没必要擦窗，我哥哥擦了。(实际我没擦窗)

比较：You needn’t have taken a taxi here，for it was very near to my house．

你本不需要乘出租车到这，因为离我家很近。(实际乘出租车了)

4．might have done表示“本来可能……但实际上没有发生。”另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可从做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。

You shouldn’t have swum in the sea．You might have been eaten by sharks．

你真不该在海里游泳。你很有可能喂了鲨鱼。

5．could have done表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”，含有轻微的责备语气。

I could have come on time, but my car broke down on the way．

我本可能按时来的，但车子在半路坏掉了。

6．would have done表示“本想要做……而事实上未做”。

1 would have played football with you，but it rained．

我本想和你踢球的，但下雨了。

语法专项练习：

I．Multiple choice．

( )1．一When should I get my ticket?

—You______ your ticket last month.

A. should get B．had got

C．should have got D．ought to get

( )2. I was really anxious about you．You______ left home without a word.

A．mustn’t have B．shouldn’t have

C．couldn’t have D．needn’t have

( )3. she______ come yesterday．Her mother was waiting for her all day．

A. must have B．should have C．would have D．ought to

( )4. Why did you keep it a secret from me? I______ about．

A．should be told B. should have told

C. ought to be told D．ought to have been told

( )5. We went there by taxi．We ______ gone there on foot，for it was not a long way．

A. could have B must have C．may have D．had

( )6．You _________ to town to see the film yesterday．It will be on TV tonight．A．needn’t go B．had better not go

C．should not go D needn’t have gone

( )7．Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn’t．He _________ his mind．A．must have changed B．wouldn’t have changed

C．can’t have changed D. oughtn’t have changed

( )8．I_________ come here earlier，but I was held up by the traffic Jam．A．must have B．should C．would have D．can have

( )9．With all the work on hand，he _________ to the cinema last night．A．mustn’t have gone B．ought not to have gone

C．could not gone D．ought to not have gone

( )10．There was plenty of time．She _________．

A．needn’t have hurried B．mustn’t have hurried

C．mustn’t hurry D．need not hurry

( )11．I didn’t send out my application form last week，but I_________．A．had B．would do C．should have D．might

( )12．The road was wet．It_________ last night．

A．must rained B．must have rained

C．should have rained D．could have rained

( )13．You must have seen the film last night，_________ you?

A．isn’t B．didn’t C．haven’t D．mustn’t

( )14．The fire spread through the hotel very quickly，but everyone _________ get out．A．was able to B．would C．could D. had to

( )15．1 didn’t get up early yesterday，for it was Sunday and I _________ to work．A．needn’t go B．didn’t need to go

C．needn’t have gone D．needed

II．Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms．

1．He _________ (not realize)his mistake until his mother told him．

2．—Are you going to the movies tonight?

一Yes, by then I _________ (finish)my work．

3．It was the second time that he _________ (rush)into the fire to save others．

4．I’m looking forward to _________ (visit)one or two great men．

5．_________ (not know)the way，we have great trouble finding his house．

6．Do you 1ike the English song _________ (teach)the day before yesterday．

7．Many people love climbing mountains，as it can be very_________ (excite)．

8．He_________ (might give)you more help，even though he was busy then．

9．If someone_________ (should call)me，take a message for me．

10．Walking alone in the deserted village，John was scared．He thought he _____ (should ask)Tom to go with him．

答案

分层练习

A．基础练习

I.Spelling

1. identity

2. accused

3. innocent

4. twist

5. desires; tongue

6. confessed

7. aroused

8. wisdom

9. disastrous 10. courage 11. miracle 12. recognized 13. gifted 14. committed 15. curiosity

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8314782796.html,plete the sentences

1. guilt

2. criminals

3. peaceful

4. hesitation

5. suspicion

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8314782796.html,plete the sentences

1. mistook…for

2. hesitation

3. accuse… of

4. Gifted with

5. in peace

6. deny

7. have every reason

8. suspicion… aroused

9. pull off 10. is eager

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8314782796.html,plete the sentences

1. mistook him for a well-known actor

2. to serve our meals at mealtimes

3. confessed to the police that he had done it

4. to arouse the interest of the scientists

5. has brought about great changes to people’s life

6. is in peace with its neighbors

7. was gifted with rare talents 8. It’s hard to imagine

9. took fingerprints and identified the body 10. Without a moment’s hesitation

B．能力提升

I.Vocabulary

1-10 BDCAB BDCDB

II.Translation

1.The homeless pauper was falsely accused of committing the murder.

2.It is evident that the terrified sheriff mistook the wasted file for a report.

3.To satisfy his curiosity, the puzzled reporter bent down and stared at the rare animal.

4.Though unexpressed, the kind fairy had the desire to do the ugly duckling a favor.

5.Taking the facts above into account, we have every reason to believe that cutting down trees at

will can bring about disaster.

语法专项练习

I.Multiple Choice

1-5 CBBDA 6-10 DACBA 11-15 CBBAB

II.Fill in the blanks

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3.have rushed

4.visiting

5.not knowing

6.taught

7.exciting

8.might have given

9.should call

10.should have asked

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