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美国最“脏”的作家:查尔斯·布考斯基

美国最“脏”的作家:查尔斯·布考斯基
美国最“脏”的作家:查尔斯·布考斯基

美国文学史总结

ⅠColonial America(17th century)殖民主义时期文学 1.In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America and he mistook the native people on the new continent for Indians. Character of colonial literature: a.content: religious, political b.form: diary, journal, letters, travel books, sermons, history (personal literature) c.Style: simple. direct, concise d.out of humble origins Early in the 17th century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history. The earliest settlers in America included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards, Italians and Portuguese. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿) 2.Captain Town Smith, the first American writer 3.Puritan Thoughts: hard work, thrift(节俭), piety(虔诚), sobriety(节制), 这些也成了早期 美国作品主导思想. 典型的清教徒:John Cotton & Roger William, John Cotton was called “the Patriarch of New England(新英格兰教父)” 清教徒采用的文学体裁:narratives(日记) and journals(游记) 清教徒在美国的写作内容: 1)Their voyage to the new land 2)Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3)About dealing with Indians 4)Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 4.Private literature: theological, moral, historical, political 5.The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. Anne Bradstreet is one of the most interesting of the early poets, 英国最早移民到美国的诗人. The best of the Puritan poets was Edward Taylor. ⅡReason and Revolution(18th century)理性和革命时期文学 1.The War for Independence (1776-1783) ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 2.Bourgeois Enlightenment 3.Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard’s Almanac(穷人理查德的年鉴), an annual collection of proverbs. The Autobiography, 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传 ?The Autobiography is, first of all, a Puritan document. It is Puritan because it is a record of self-examination and self-improvement. The Puritans, as a type, were very much given to self-analysis. ?The Autobiography shows Franklin was spokesman for the new order of 18th-century Enlightenment, and that he represented in America all its ideas, that man is basically good and free, by nature endowed by God with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

人教版初中作家作品归纳

人教版初中作家作品归纳 七年级上册 1.《走一步,再走一步》莫顿·亨特美国作家选自《当代少年》 2.《紫藤萝瀑布》宗璞原名冯钟璞选自《铁箫人语》 3.《童趣》选自《浮生六记·闲情记趣》沈复字三白,长洲人,清代文学家 4.《理想》流沙河《流沙河诗集》 5.《论语十则》记录孔子和他弟子言行的一部书,共20 篇,是儒家经典著作之一。 6.《春》选自《朱自清全集》朱自清,原名自华,字佩弦,号秋实,原籍浙江绍兴。《背影》《春》《荷塘月色》等,是脍炙人口的名篇。 7.《济南的冬天》《老舍文集》老舍,原名舒庆春,字舍予,北京人,著名作家,长篇小说骆驼祥子,话剧《龙须沟》《茶馆》 8.鲁迅,原名周树人,浙江绍兴人,字豫才,选自《呐喊》文章有:《故乡》《孔乙己》;选自《鲁迅全集》的有:《社戏》;选自《朝花夕拾》的有:《从百草园到三味书屋》《阿长与<山海经>》《藤野先生》、;选自《野草》的有《风筝》《雪》,选自杂文《且介亭杂文》的有《中国人失掉自信力了吗》 9《金色花》选自《泰戈尔诗选》作者泰戈尔,印度文学家。 10、《纸船》选自《繁星》作者冰心,原名谢婉莹,福建长乐人,诗人、作家,代表作有《繁星》《春水》《寄小读者》;她的另一作品是《谈生命》节选自《京沪周刊》。她的作品有母爱、童真、自然三大主题。 11.《皇帝的新装》选自《安徒生童话和故事选》作者安徒生,丹麦著名童话作家,一生创作的《卖火柴的小女孩》《海的女儿》《丑小鸭》。 12.《天上的街市》和《静夜》选自《》郭沫若全集:作者郭沫若,原名郭开贞,四川乐山人,诗人,学者,代表诗集有《女神》《星空》等七年级下册: 七年级下册: 1.《爸爸的花儿落了》节选自《城南旧事》作者林海音,台湾作家。 2.《假如生活欺骗了你》节选自普希金诗集作者普希金,俄国诗人,被成为“俄国文学之父”著作有《自由颂》《致大海》《致恰达耶夫》 3.都德,法国19 世纪下半期著名的小说家。1968 年发表长篇小说《小东西》《最后一课》。写于1873 年。 4、《木兰诗》又叫《木兰辞》,是南北朝时北方的一首民歌,选自《乐府诗集》,这首诗是北朝乐府诗集的代表作。《乐府诗集》是宋代郭茂倩编辑的乐府总集。辑录汉魏到唐五代的乐府诗辞,兼及秦至唐末的歌谣,是我国文学史上的瑰宝。 5. 《闻一多先生的说和做》选自《人民日报》作者臧克家,湖北人,诗人、学者、民主战士,著作收在《闻一多全集》成为农民诗人《老马》《有的人》《罪恶的黑手》都是他的作品。 6.莫泊桑,法国最负盛名的中短篇小说家。长篇小说《一生》《漂亮朋友》,短篇小说《羊脂球》《项链》等是他的名作。他与美国的欧·亨利,俄国的契诃夫合称为世界三大短篇小说家。 7、司马光,北宋史学家、政治家。他主持编著的《资治通鉴》,294 卷,是我国一部重要的编年体通史。神宗以其“鉴于往事,有资于治道”,命名为《资治通鉴》。 8. 《伟大的悲剧》选自《人类的群星闪耀时》作者是茨威格,奥地利作家,成就主要体现在传记文学和小说创作方面。 9、笛福,英国小说家。他的作品有《鲁滨逊漂流记》《辛格顿船长》《罗克萨娜》《大疫年日记》等。《鲁滨逊漂流记》是英国第一部现实主义长篇小说,对英国小说的发展起到很大的作用。为此,笛福被誉为“英国小说之父”“鲁滨孙”已成为冒险家的代名词。

美国文学之爱伦坡

读爱伦·坡的短篇小说 上课时,听到老师讲起萧伯纳曾声称:“美国出了两个伟大的作家——埃德加·爱伦·坡和马克·吐温。” 因自己对爱伦·坡的陌生而深感惭愧,于是拜读了他的部分作品。 《黑猫》作为丝丝入扣、让人不寒而栗的“心理小说先驱”,读来毛骨悚然而又欲罢不能。明明《黑猫》中没有什么强烈的血腥恐怖场面甚至仅是以第一人称絮絮叨叨的讲述一个人杀了一只黑猫,后来另一只黑猫以奇特的方式复仇的故事。全文一字不及幽灵鬼怪,但在描述人內心邪恶的念头时,却令人不寒而栗。《黑猫》具有强烈的哥特式传奇色彩,以绚烂精致的文笔塑造出人内心的恶,以及人内心强烈的矛盾冲突,带给人窒息的紧张感。 爱伦·坡一生写了六七十篇短篇小说,虽然只写了四五篇推理小说,但是举世公认为推理小说的鼻祖。他的代表作《莫格街血案》、《玛丽·罗杰疑案》、《窃信案》和《金甲虫》都被奉为这类小说的先河,对后世起了很大影响。如今很多人认为夏洛克·福尔摩斯的创造者柯南·道尔才是推理小说之父。我也不例外是先拜读的《福尔摩斯侦探集》,并且崇拜着那位睿智的近乎万能的福尔摩斯。然而,当我读了爱伦·坡的《莫格街凶杀案》,却发现只需要粗略地对比一下柯南·道尔的首部作品《血字的研究》与爱伦·坡的《莫格街凶杀案》,就能发现福尔摩斯的形象简直就是爱德加笔下那位西·奥古斯特·杜宾的翻版,甚至连福尔摩斯的助手华生,也跟杜宾的朋友,也就是那个以第一人称描述故事的人称惊人地相似——他们都是以自己的平庸反衬出那位让他们相形见绌的主角是多么的明察秋毫,多么的了不起。更惊人的是,福尔摩斯连出场方式都似乎是照搬杜宾的。甚至这形成了一种侦探小说的模式,即侦探多是具有超人智力、观察入微、料事如神的理想人物,为了衬托他的了不起,又借一个对他无限钦佩、相形见绌的朋友来叙述他的事迹,此外还写了一个头脑愚钝、动机虽好而屡犯错误的警探作为对比,而作案地点一般安排在锁得严严密密的暗室,埋藏赃物罪证则用明显得出人意外的方法,破案过程则用逻辑严谨、设身处地的推理,然后有条不紊的迫使罪犯就范归案,在读者陷入种种谜团时再由主人公洋洋自得、滔滔不绝的解释其全过程。而这一模式在一百四十年来已为全世界各国侦探小说家竞相师法,不少这类作品都是步他後尘,脱不了这个窠臼。没有纠缠烂俗的爱情故事,也没有跌宕起伏的情节,只有抽丝剥茧般严密的纯粹的逻辑推理,这就是爱伦坡的推理小说。而在他的推理小说中,他描写心理和制造诡异气氛的能力也是无与伦比的。让我每每不寒而栗,却又执意的看到最后直至谜题的揭晓。

美国文学作家与作品汇总

Works: Part 1. The Literature of Colonial America John Smith 1580-1631 1 first American writer A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony; A Map of Virginia with a Description of the Country; The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles Roger Williams 1603-1683 1 Begins the history of religious toleration in America A key into the Language of America Edward Taylor 1612-1672 1 The best of the puritan poets No publishing of his work, most treat religious themes, many poems based directly on Psalms. Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826 1 The first American secretary of state Drafted the Declaration of Independence Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise(his first pamphlet)税务员问题;Common Sense常识;American Crisis美国危机;Rights of Man人的权利:Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃;The Age of Reason理性时代Agrarian Justice --last important treaties 1 Great Commoner of Mankind 2 The most articulate spokesman of the American Revolution 3 natural gift for pamphleteering and rebellion Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832 Father of American Poetry The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲;The British Prison Ship英国囚船;To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳;The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花;The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地 1 the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period 2 “Poet of the American Revolution” 3 herald American literary independence

美国文学史总结

Part I The Literature of Co Ion ial Amer ica (殖民地时期的文学) Chap ter 1 John Smith约翰.史密斯 1. A True Relatio n of Such Occurre nces and Accide nts of Note as Hath Happe ned in Virgi nia Si nee the First Pla nting of That Colo ny 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》(1608) 2. A Map of Virgi nia with a Description of the Cou ntry 《弗吉尼亚地图,附:一个乡 村的描述》(1612) 3. The Gen eral History of Virgi nia. New En gla nd, and the Summer Isles 《弗吉尼亚 通史》(1624) Chapter 2 William Bradford (威廉.布拉德福德) Of Plymouth Pla ntatio n 《普利茅斯开发史》(1826) Joh n Win throp (约翰.温思罗普) The History of New En gla nd from 1630 to 1649 《新英格兰史》(1856)Chapter 3 Joh n Cotton (约翰.科登) Roger Williams (罗杰.威廉姆斯) A Key into the Language of America 《开启美国语言的钥匙》/《美国新英格兰地 区土着居民语言指南》 Chapter 4 Anne Bradstreet (安妮.布雷兹特里特)(女性作家) The Te nth Muse Lately Spru ng Up in America 《在美洲诞生的第十位缪斯》Edward Taylor (爱德华.泰勒)(女性作家) Psalms《诗篇》 Part II The Literature of Reason and Revolution (理性和革命时期文学) Chapter 5 Benjamin Franklin (本杰明.富兰克林) 1. Poor Richard ' s Almanac 《穷理查德年鉴》(1732-1758,1729年正式出版) 2. The Declarati on of In depe ndence 《独立宣言》(Fran klin & Jeffers on 杰弗逊) 3. The Autobiography 《自传》 4. Collect Works 《作品选集》 Chapter 6 Thomas Paine (托马斯.佩因) 1. The Caseof the Officers of the Excise 《收税官的案子》(1772)(his first pamphlet) 2. Com mon Se nse《常识》(1776) 3. The America Crisis 《美国危机》(1776-1883)(a series of sixteen pamphlets)(signed “ Com mon Sens” ) 4. Rights of Man 《人权》(I 1791 年,II 1792 年) 5. The Age of Reas on 《理性时代》 6. Agrarian Justice 《土地公平》(his last important treatise 他最后一部重要着作)Chapter 7

十九世纪美国作家作品一览表

十九世纪美国作家作品一览表 1.Washington Irving华盛 顿·欧文1783-1859 19世纪美国最著名的作家,号称美国文学之父。1.见闻札记1820 札记 2.布雷斯布里奇田庄;1822 短篇小说集3.旅客谈;1824 故事集 4.阿尔罕伯拉1832 游记 5.哥德斯密斯佳1840 传记 2.James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851 美国文学的先驱者和奠基人之一,是第一个蜚声世界的美国作家。6.间谍1821 长篇历史小说 7.最后的莫希干人1826 长篇小说8.大草原1827 长篇小说 9.探路者1840 长篇小说 10.猎鹿人1841 长篇小说 3.William Cullen Bryant 威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特1794-1878 美国首位著名的抒情诗人。11.禁运1808 诗歌12.死亡观1811 诗歌13.致水鸟1815 诗歌14.泉1842 诗歌15.白蹄鹿1844 诗歌16.深林赋1860 诗歌17.似水年华1878 诗歌 4.Ralf Waldo Emerson拉 尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生 1803-1882 美国思想家、文学家,诗人。是确立美国文化精神的代表人物。18.杜鹃花1833 诗歌 19.论自然1836 小品文 20.《康科德赞歌》1837 诗歌21.神学院演说1838 讲演22.《随笔》1841 散文 23.论文集1841-1844 演讲汇编24.《哀歌》1842 诗歌 25.诗集1846 诗歌 26.代表人物1850 散文 27.英国人的特征1856 散文28.生活的准则1860 散文 29.社会与孤独1870 散文30.《文学与社会目标》1876 散文 5.9.Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑 1804-1864 19世纪前半期美国最伟大的小说家。31.《范肖》1828 长篇小说 32.重讲一遍的故事1837 短篇小说集33.古屋青苔1843 短篇小说集 34.红字1850 长篇小说 35.带有七个尖角阁的房子1851 长篇小说36.福谷传奇1852 长篇小说 37.玉石雕像1860 长篇小说 6.亨利·华兹华斯·朗费 罗 Henry wadsworyh longfellow 1807.2-1882 19世纪美国最伟大的浪漫主义38.夜吟1839 诗歌集 39.歌谣及其他1841 诗歌集40.奴役篇1842 反蓄奴组诗41.布吕赫钟楼及其他诗1845 诗集42.《基督》1851-1872 诗剧

美国文学史期末总结

美国文学史美国文学

全书的焦点集中于南太平洋一条名叫莫比·迪克的白鲸,以及捕鲸船皮廓德(Pequod)号的船长阿哈(Ahab)如何对它有不共戴天的仇恨.阿哈在一次航行中被莫比·迪克咬掉一条腿,立志报仇,指挥皮廓德号环航全球追踪,终于发现了它.经过三天放下小艇紧追.虽然刺中了这条白鲸,但它十分顽强狡猾,咬碎了小艇,也撞沉了大船.它拖着捕鲸船游开时,绳子套住阿哈,把他绞死了.全船人尽皆灭顶.只有一个水手借着由棺材改制的救生浮子而逃得性命.整个故事以这个水手伊希梅尔(Ishmael)自述的方式展开. The book focuses on a whale named Moby Dick lived in south pacific and the captain of whaler Pequod—Ahab. Ahab was once bite by Moby Dick and lost a leg, determined to revenge,he commanded whaler pequod do global tracking, and finally found it. After three days of hot pursuit with the skiff,while they stabbed this white whale, but it was very tenacious and cunning, eventually chewed the skiff, also sank the ship. It dragged whaler swimming away, the rope was around Ahab, he was hanged. Almost all of people on the boat drowned, only a sailor called Ishmael survived .

美国文学作家以及作品总汇

美国文学部分(American Literature) 一.独立革命前后的文学(The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence) 1.本章考核知识点和考核要求: 1).殖民地时期的文学的特点 2).主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品 2.独立革命前后时期的主要作家 本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林,散文家、科学家、社会活动家,曾参与起草―独立宣言。 《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanack 《致富之道》The Way to Wealth 《自传》The Autobiography 托马斯·潘恩Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩,散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。 《税务员问题》The Case of the Officers of Excise 《常识》Common Sense 《美国危机》American Crisis 《人的权利》Rights of Man 《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism 《理性时代》The Age of Reason 菲利普·弗伦诺Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺,著名的―革命诗人‖。 《蒸蒸日上的美洲》―The Rising Glory of America‖

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