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SAT单词串讲&例题解析

SAT单词讲义(四):单词串讲ABC

（一）主考单词

1. abandon: foster/adopt 放弃：采用/采纳

(1) The novelist shocked his editor by__ the book on which he had been working for seven years and starting over.

(A) abridging

(B) supplemented

(D) truncating

(E) praising

(2) Although the political candidate was__ by her admirers, she__ her campaign before the first debate was held.

(A) supported, abandoned

(B) lauded, illuminated

(D) disdained, subverted

(E) bolstered, retaliated

(3) Most students do not start from point zero, but from minus zero, and in the process are often required to abandon cherished childhood fantasies of superheroes or larger-than-life villains.

在sat考试当中，目前只考察了abandon表示“放弃”（give up something completely or forever）,abandon这个义项的程度非常强，即“放弃”程度是最高的。

2．abate: augment/ intensify减少：增加/加强

3. abbreviate: extend 缩写:扩充

Convinced by critics that his play was too verbose, Johnson__ the third act, making it more___.

(A) expanded, concise

(B) curtailed, prolix

(D) abbreviated, succinct

(E) fostered, pliant

Verbose---àabbreviate--àsuccinct非常符合逻辑。

4．aberrant: normal/ typical 异常的:正常的/典型的

If such a gene occurs on a sex-determining (X or Y) chromosome, then highly aberrant sex ratios can occur.

5．abet: impede/obstruct/thwart协助:阻碍

（1）Abet：assist or encourage, usually in some wrongdoing。所以翻译为“教唆”太合适了！

Critics of the welfare system argue that, rather that adding people’s efforts to govern their own lives, it____ their independence.

(A) supports (B) saps (C) hastens (D) renews (E) abet

Adding people’s efforts to govern their own lives<> abet their independence

是对abet义项的直接考察。

（2）thwart 阻碍＝prevent

Dangerously high winds___ attempts to begin the space shuttle mission on schedule, delaying the launch by nearly a week.

(A) thwarted

(B) forfeited

(D) discharged

(E) redoubled

这道题很多同学可能会选择discharge，显然这是对discharge理解的不够，虽然discharge的义项很多，但基本上都维持了词根char的意思：charge来自于词根car（char是car的变体），它表示一种装上去的感觉，比如charge的义项，充电（你要放到插座上），住院（你要到医院里去住），当然discharge

就是这些动作的反动作。Discharge(表示拔下充电器，卸下装备，出院等)

（3）obstruct， construct，而且ob（against）和con（together）作为前缀，意思正好相反

6．abhor: admire憎恨，厌恶:崇拜

7．abolish: establish 废除:建立

abolitionist: persist in slavery废奴主义者:坚持奴隶制(emancipation: fetter 解放黑奴，解放妇女：上枷锁)

The city has__ its program for recycling waste in an effort to reduce the amounts of garbage that must be__ or dumped in landfills.

(A) improved, produced

(B) restricted, amassed

(D) expanded, burned

(E) abolished, buried

误选E 的同学看清楚逻辑关系了in an effort to

8. abundant: scare/barren富饶的：缺乏/贫瘠

Only one flask out of ten became putrid, whereas eleven flasks out of eleven opened in the courtyard quickly acquired a rich growth of bacteria.

Q: “rich” most nearly means

(A) precious

(B) vital

(D) meaningful

(E) productive

这里显然是指数量之多。

9．abridge: protract/extend in length缩短:伸长

Abridged<> lengthy

Because his time was limited, Weng decided to read the___ novel War and Peace in____ edition

(A) wordy----an unedited

(B) lengthy-----an abridged

(D) romantic-----an autographed

(E) popular-------a complete

10. absorb: dissipate/exude/reflect 吸引,吸收: 消散/流出/反射

Just as glass windows offer buildings both light and insulation, certain atmospheric gases___ incoming sunlight and___ heat radiated from the ground, preventing warmth from escaping.

(A) conduct, release

(B) deflect, transmit

(D) absorb, dispense

(E) resist, trap

注意dispense heat是不会prevent warmth from escaping.

Dissipate dis+sip(喝), insipid （没有喝的东西，无聊）无聊的

11．abstemious: indulgent节制的:纵容的

12．abstract: elaborate/concrete摘要的:详尽的/具体的

In poetry the majority of people seek the passion and pain of the human being behind the poet. Paintings attract them if they find in them figures of men or women it would be interesting to meet.

Q：“figures” most nearly means

(A) crude images

(B) abstractions

(C)representations

(D) numbers

(E) famous persons

这道题很多同学会选择B，因为按中国人的思想，好像画画就应该是抽象的，错！画的素描就是对景物的一种再现。

13．abstruse: explicit/patent深奥的:清晰的

Johnson’s writing is considered__ and__ because it is filled with obscure references and baffling digressions.

(A) deceiving, ingenuous

(B) arcane, abstruse

(D) lucid, definitive

(E) concise, esoteric

arcane，abstruse的特点就是filled with obscure references and baffling digressions

14．acerbic: sweet 酸的:甜的

纯粹是描述事物本身性质的单词

Despite the mixture’s__ nature, we found that by lowering its temperature in the laboratory we could dramatically reduce its tendency to vaporize.

(A) resilient

(B) volatile

(D) insipid

(E) acerbic

15．acme: nadir 顶点:最低点

16．acquiesce: defy/resist 勉强答应:公然反抗/抵抗

Miranda, in her desire to foster___, often felt compelled to_____ readily to others in tense situations.

(A) cooperation---object

(B)consistency---defer

(C)dissension---surrender

(D) discourse---appeal

(E) harmony---acquiesce

Acquiesce to/in：to do what someone else wants, or allow something to happen, even though you do not really agree with it

Acquiesce to others 勉强答应别人

17．Acrid/acrimonious: gentle /harmonious刻薄的:温和的/和睦的

（1）His mouth stinging and burning, Virgil hurried to the kitchen for water to wash away the dish’s---- taste.

A. earthy

B. exotic

C. cloying

D. acrid

E. succulent

这里取的是acrid的本意，发酸的。

（2）The contract negotiations were often surprisingly___, deteriorating at times into a welter of accusations and counteraccusations.

A. perspicacious

B. phlegmatic

C. sedate

D. acrimonious

E. propitious

accusations and counteraccusations是acrimonious 的典型特征

perspicacious(per全＋spic看，什么都可以看到)聪明的

phlegmatic（原来是指吐痰的人，古人认为吐痰的人很冷静）冷静

sedate（sed，sit坐，能坐很久的人）镇定的

propitious（pro向前＋pit，pet追求，向前追求好的东西出现）吉兆的

（3）The columnist almost___ when he mentioned his friends, but he unpleasant and even___ when he discussed people who irritated him.

A. recalcitrant, laconic

B. reverential, acrimonious

C. sensitive, remorseful

D. insipid, militant

reverential<>acrimonious

18．acumen: unable to discern敏锐:不能辨别

Because Jenkins neither_____ nor defends either management of the striking workers, both sides admires his journalistic___.

(A) criticize---acumen

(B) attacks---neutrality

(D) dismisses---flair

(E) promotes---integrity

Acumen：shrewd 精明的

19．adept: bungling /inept熟练的:笨拙的

（1）I am not an adept aesthetician, and I could not presume to analyze Martha’s sense of design or approach toward design.

（2）Predictably, detail-oriented workers are___ keeping track of the myriad particulars of a situation.

(A) remiss in

(B) adept at

(D) hesitant about

(E) contemptuous of

detail-oriented workers的这种人的特点就是adept at doing sth。

20．adroit: ungainly灵活的:笨拙的

astute/ambidextrous/swift/alacrity <>

cumbersome/ponderous/awkward/gauche

(1) Some interactive computer games are so elaborately contrived and require such___ strategies that only the most___ player can master them.

(A) Byzantine, adroit

(B) nefarious, conscientious

(D) onerous, slipshod

(E) predictable, compulsive

21．adulate: reproach/scorn/disdain/vilify 阿谀:指责/蔑视/鄙视/诽谤

（1）The media seldom give those who seek careers in the public eye any__ of the life-changing effects of the overwhelming__ that often accompanies fame.

（A）intimation, adulation

（B）euphemism, aplomb

（C）rhetoric, acme

（D）stasis, euthanasia

（E）mote, abandon

（2）When such -------remarks are circulated, we can only blame and despise those who produce them.

(A) adulatory (B) chance

(E) reprehensible

blame and despise是reprehensible remarks才值得的，而adulatory remarks 却不会。

（3）Surrounded by a retinue of sycophants who invariably___ her singing, Callas wearied of the constant adulation and longed for honest criticism.

A. orchestrated

B. thwarted

C. assailed

D. extolled

E. reciprocated

adulation，flatter，obsequious，sycophant（马屁精），blandish，toady （读音，头低，谄媚者的姿态）

22．advocate: denounce拥护:反对

Denounce：to express strong disapproval of someone or something, especially in public公开谴责

The scientific organization___ the newspaper for prominently covering the predictions of psychic while__ to report on a major research conference.

(A) celebrated, failing

(B) promoted, refusing

(D) spurned, hastening

(E) honored, opting

23．affable: irascible和蔼的:易怒的

24．affected: ingenuous/natural 做作的:自然的

25．affiliation: dissociation 加入，参加:分裂

26．aggravate: alleviate恶化，加重:减轻，缓和

Whenever she felt tired after work, a brisk walk along the beach amid the__ sea air never failed to__ her fatigue and leave her re-energized.

(A) humid, hasten

(B) salty, exacerbate

(D) damp, reprove

(E) chilly, aggravate

brisk walk的作用是alleviate fatigue

27．aggregate: disperse 聚集:使分散

With evolution of wings, insects were able to___ to the far ecological corners, across deserts and bodies of water, to reach new food sources and inhabit a wider variety of promising environmental niches.

A. relate

B. disperse

C. transgress

D. revert

E. ascend

disperse：to cause to separate and go in different directions 驱散，分散，后面有一系列的地方，所以选disperse

28．aggressive: even-meaning好斗的:性格温和的

29．Agitate/demagogue/instigate/sedition/provoke/convoke : soothe/c onciliate/moderate

煽动:安慰

（1） The War of Independence provoked strong criticisms by many Americans of the institution of slavery, but produced little substantive action against it.

（2）More___ than her predecessor, Superintendent Reynolds would, many predicted, have a far less__ term of office.

(A) phlegmatic, apathetic

(B) conciliatory, confrontational

(D) vigilant, reputable

(E) penurious, frugal

Conciliatory<>confrontational

30．alienate: reunite疏远:再结合

31．allude: mention explicitly 暗示:明白地提及

Readers previously__ by the complexity and__ o f Joyce’s Ulysses will find Gilbert’s study of the novel a helpful introduction.

(A) charmed, obscurity

(B) rejected, length

(D) daunted, allusiveness

(E) enlightened, transparency

allusive: characterized by indirect references

32．ally: adversary联盟:敌手，对手

Nation that share a border are, by definition,____.

(A)allied (B)partisan (C) contiguous (D)pluralistic (E) sovereign

33．altruism: egoism利他主义:利己主义

He was so convinced that people were driven by__ motives that he believed there was no such thing as a purely unselfish act.

(A) sentimental

(B) personal

(D) ulterior

(E) intrinsic

在这道题下，我们讲一个单词ulterior（ult跳，跳出来的）隐蔽的，不可告人的

Ulterior：lying beyond what is openly revealed or avowed (especially being kept in the background or deliberately concealed)

Eg：Jim had ulterior motives in buying me a drink he wants to borrow my van.

吉姆请我喝酒是另有所图--他想借用我的客货车.

(2)The two sisters selflessly dedicated their lives to the nursing profession; their__ made them__, ones whose ways are worthy of imitation.

(A) aptitude, eccentrics

(B) morality, emancipators

(D) devotion, egotists

(E) altruism, exemplars

34．amalgamate: disintegration/isolate /separate混合:瓦解/分隔

The damage caused by the rampant corruption was ------: the company’s reputation was nearly ------- before anyone realized it was having an effect.

(A) manifest … eradicated

(B) nefarious … polarized

(D) methodical … amalgamated

(E) obvious … stagnated

这道题来自于keplan，可以说这套习题上的题目都很欠扁，所谓欠扁就是很没逻辑性。

Manifest=evident，obvious

35．amass: dissipate 积聚:浪费

Marine sediments have allowed scientists to amass evidence tending to confirm that astronomical cycles drive the Earth's glacial cycles.

36．amateur: professional业余：专业

The selection committee for the exhibit was amazed to see such fine work done by a mere------.

(A) connoisseur (B)artist (C) amateur

(D) entrepreneur (E) exhibitionist

37．amenable: intransigent 服从的:不妥协的

38．ambivalent: commitment 不定的:确定的

Ambivalent见第二讲

Known for his commitment to numerous worthy causes, the philanthropist deserved ------ for his ------.

(A) recognition…folly

(B) blame .. hypocrisy

(D) admonishment ..wastefulness

(E) credit…altruism

39．amorphous: definite 无定型的:确定的

Many astrophysicists believe that the universe is infinite in size and that it will continue to expand quickly and___.

(A) conclusively

(B) precisely

(D) indefinitely

(E) occasionally

Indefinite：vague or not clearly defined or stated，指时间，方向，地理范围等的不确定性

40．amplify: abridge扩大:缩短

41．anarchy: order 无政府状态，混乱:次序，规则

Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to buy___ at any price.

(A) order (B) emancipation (C) hope (D) liberty (E) enfranchisement

这道题就是很明显的考察anarchy<>order

42．anomalous: normal 异常的:正常的

anomaly: conformity to norms 不规则:合乎规范

He found himself in the__ position of appearing to support a point of view that he abhorred.

(A) obvious

(B) innocuous

(D) enviable

(E) auspicious

43．antipathy: benevolence 憎恶:仁爱

44．apologist: critic辩护者:批评家

I am not an adept aesthetician, and I could not presume to analyze Martha’s sense of design or approach toward design. But I believe she dealt with the elements of line and direction with the instincts of a mathematician of physicist, adding to each their emotional relation.

Question：The first two sentences are characterized respectively, by

(A) disclaimer and assertion

(B) invocation and definition

(D) authority and hypothesis

(E) rebuttal and analysis

这道题前面讲过了，为什么不是C呢？

45．appealing: noisome引起兴趣的:令人不快的

46．appease: agitate平息，安抚:激怒

47．appreciable: imperceptible可感知的:感觉不到的

（1）Some subatomic particles, _____ only through their effects on other bodies, have been compared to outer planets whose____ was first deduced from eccentricities in other planets’ orbits.

(A) feasible---irregularly

(B) palpable---certain

(C)imaginable---falsity

(D) perceptible---existence

(E) verifiable---proximity

我们看一下perceptible这个单词的词根，来自于perceive（per，全+ceive 取）察觉，

conceive（想到）—concept（概念），deceive—deceit，receive（接受）

（2）Jocobs was much more than a___ member of the group; he was chosen in light of his extraordinary analytical skills and strong staff management skills.

(A) token (B)perceptive (C)feasible (D)paradoxical (E) vitriolic

这是一道难度比较大的题目，只有真正理解了perceptive的意思之后才好选，也才敢选

Perceptive：having the ability to perceive or understand; keen in discernment，与后面的extraordinary analytical skills and strong management skills正好相对应。

48．apt: extremely inappropriate恰当的:非常不适当的

49．arcane/esoteric : well-known 神秘的:众所周知的

（1）Because postmodernist critics often rely on__ language, their prose frequently seems___ to nonspecialists who fail to comprehend its meaning.

(A) accessible, abstruse

(B) arcane, unequivocal

(D) hackneyed, exotic

(E) lucid, grating

esoteric: confined to and understandable by only an enlightened inner circle. 象极了中国的武术，一般都是esoteric

50．archaic: current/grandiose 古老的:最近的/宏伟的

（1）Displays in the Au stralian Museum’s exhibition on dinosaurs are designed to be touched, offering visitors__ experience.

(A) an odoriferous

(B) an archaic

(D) a rustic

(E) a tactile

（2）The magnificent, __ sets that depicted a futuristic city in Fritz Lang’s epic film Metropolis are now widely regarded as an outstanding visual achievement.

(A) prolific

(B) modest

(D) archaic

(E) grandiose

archaic<>grandiose

51．Arduous/strenuous/tortuous : facile费劲的:易做到的

(1)The___ journey ___us all; even my dog sat down to take a rest.

A. panoramic, exhausted

B. tortuous, invigorated

C. strenuous, fatigued

D. arduous, rejuvenated

Arduous/strenuous/tortuous的后果肯定都是fatigue而不是invigorate，rejuvenate

Fatigue<>invigorate/rejuvenate/recuperate/revitalize

(2) The sergeant suspected that the private was__ in order to avoid going on the___ march scheduled for that morning.

A. malingering, arduous

B. proselytizing, interminable

C. invalidating, threatened

D. exemplary, leisurely

E. disgruntled, strenuous

以mal为词根的单词都讲过了，同学们能记得住哪些？表示不好的还有一个词根caco，同学能举出这个单词吗？

表示好的词根有bene，eu，那么同学们能想起哪些呢？

Malice, malign, malinger, malicious, malfunction, malnutrition, malpractice, malevolent

Cacophony

Benediction, beneficiary, benign, euphemism

(3) By the end of the long, arduous hike, Chris was walking with a___ gait, limping slowly back to the campsite.

(A) halting

(B) robust

(D) prompt

(E) facile

halting: 一瘸一拐的

52．arid: damp 干燥的:潮湿的

53．arrest: vitalize抑制:激发

Arresting/compelling : banal引人注意的:陈腐的

54．arrogant/haughty/overweening/hubris <>

modest/self-deprecatory 骄傲的：谦虚的

（1）A scientist should not automatically reject folkways that might at first seem silly or superstitious; scientific qualifications are not a license for___, nor do they___ prejudice or bias.

(A) experimentation, eliminate

(B) arrogance, pursue

(D) smugness, legitimate

(E) rigidity, console

arrogant的特征automatically reject

55．artless: affected/cunning/disingenuous/ 朴实的:做作的/狡猾的/虚伪的

（1）A scientist is anyone who, by observations and experiments conducted, by the literature read, and even by the company kept, puts himself or herself in the way of making a discovery. These individuals, by deliberate action, have enormously enlarged their awareness---their candidacy for good fortune---and will now take into account evidence of a kind that a beginner or a casual observer would probably overlook or misinterpret.

Question：“deliberate” most nearly means

(A) cunning

(B) slow

(D) cautious

(E) intentional

关键不是这道题，上面这个同样是个长难句，好好理解一下。

56．ascend: descend/go down 上升:下降

57．Ascetic/stoic: hedonist/sumptuous/indulgent禁欲者:享乐主义者/奢侈的/放纵的

（1）Jared has the habits of___: he lives simple and donate most of his income to local charities.

(A) a skeptic

(B) a pundit

(D) an insurgent

(E) an ascetic

（2）The patient bore the pain___, neither wincing nor whimpering when incision was made.

A. histrionically

B. stoically

C. sardonically

D. poorly

E. marginally

wince 退缩，whimper 低声哭泣

(3) sumptuous: 奢侈的，华丽的rich and superior in quality

Her father was a highly positioned diplomat in an Asian country, and she had lived surrounded by sumptuous elegance….No wonder, she said, that when this part of her life came to an end, at age thirteen, she felt she had been exiled from paradise, and had been searching for it ever since.

58．assiduous: desultory/remiss勤勉的:散漫的/玩忽职守的

59．assistance: interference帮助:干涉

60．audacious: timid /timorous大胆的:胆小的

注意：intimidating 给人以威慑的，咄咄逼人的

Although he usually felt comfortable speaking in front of audiences, this particular group was so large and intimidating that he suddenly found himself too__ to__ the topic before them.

【SAT词汇】新SAT阅读词汇题答题技巧和真题讲解

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电大历届网考英语题目之词汇与结构

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