英美文学专业必不可少的阅读
英美文学复习汇总
一、选择
Chapter One
English Literature and Overview
1. In Anglo-Saxon period, Beowulf represented the________ poetry. A. pagan
2. Prose literature did not show its appearance until the _________ century. C. 8th
3. Beowulf describes the exploits of a___________ hero, Beowulf, in fighting a-gainst the monster Grendel, his revengeful mother, and a fire-breath ing dragon. B. Scandinavian
4. English literature began with the ___________ settlement in England. Of old English literature, Beowulf, the national epic of the English people, is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends. A. Anglo-Saxon
5. In 1066, __________, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England. A. William the Conqueror
6. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is the__________. C. romance
7. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. The Normans spoke__________. A. French
8. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called__________. B. Robin Hood
9. __________, the "father of English poetry" and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London about 1340.
A. Geoffrey Chaucer
10. Chaucer died on the 25th October 1400, and was buried in___________. D. Westminster Abbey
11. __________was the first to be buried in the Poet' s Corner of Westminster Abbey. A. Chaucer
12. ______ was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature. B. Thomas Wyatt
13. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama. It was __________ who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. A. Christopher Marlowe
14. Sir Philip Sidney is known both as a poet and as a ________. C. a critic of poetry
15.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of Queen _____________.
B. Elizabeth
16. English Renaissance Period was an age of__________. B. poetry and drama
17."Shall I compare thee to a summer' s day?" This is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare' s_______. D. sonnets
18. Which is not one of the four great tragedies of Shakespeare? E. Henry VIII
19. Who is not one of the ―University Wits‖? C. William shakespeare
20. ―Liberty, Fraternity, and Equality‖ were first uttered in the book _______ . B. Utopia
Chapter 2
Exercises Neoclassicism
1.______ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century. B. The Enlightenment
2.In the 18th century, satire was much used in writing. All of the following are considered great satirists except ______. D. Daniel Defoe
3.In the first half of the 18th century, the representative author of neo-classicism is ______. Alexander Pope
4.The 18th century witnessed the emergence of two political parties, ______, which were satirized by Swift in his Gulliver’s Travels.
The Whigs and the Tories
5.______, written in heroic couplet by Alexander Pope, was a manifesto of English neo-classicism as Pope put forward his aesthetic theories in it. B. An Essay on Criticism
6.Which of the following is NOT A lexander Pope‘s work?An Essay of Dramatic Poesy
7.Which two periodicals were Steele and Addison‘s chief contribution to English literature? A. The Tatler and The Spectator
8.In the middle decades of the 18th century, ______ became the leader of the classical school in English poetry and prose.
B. Samuel Johnson
9.______ compiled the Dictionary of the English Language, which became the foundation of all the subsequent English dictionaries.
B. Samuel Johnson
10.Who was the greatest dramatist in the 18th century? B. Richard Sheridan
Chapter 3
Exercises Romanticism
1. The Romantic Age began with the publication of The Lyrical Ballads which was written by__________. D. Wordsworth and Coleridge
2. The Romantic Age came to an end with the death of the last well-known romantic writer_______ . B. Sir Walter Scott
3. The publication of ________marked the beginning of Romantic Age. C. The Lyrical Ballads
4. The English Romantic Age produced two major novelists. They are _____. C. Waller Scott and Jane Austen
5. As contrasted with the classicists who made reason, order and the old, classical traditions the criteria in their poetical creations, _________based his own poetical principle on the premise that "all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. "
D. William Wordsworth
6. In 1850, Wordsworth‘s long autobiographical poem entitled ______ was published posthumously (死后) by his wife. B. The Prelude
7. For his pamphlet _____, Percy Bysshe Shelley was expelled from Oxford and disowned by his father. D. The Necessity of Atheism
8. The unfinished long epic ____ has been regarded as John Keats‘ greatest achievement in poe try. C. Hyperion
9. Which is Percy Bysshey Shelley‘s masterpiece? B. Prometheus Unbound
10. His sister Mary suddenly went mad, so__________ took care of his unfortunate sister for the rest of his life. A. Charles Lamb
11. Charles Lamb' s__________made Shakespeare a familiar author to the general readers. B. Tales from Shakespeare
12. Charles Lamb wrote a series of miscellaneous essays, collected in 1823 as the _____. D. Essays of Elia
13. Walter Scott‘s first novel _____ appeared anonymously in 1814 with immediate success.D. Waverley
Chapter 4
1.In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend ______ appeared, and it flourished in the forties and in the early fifties.
D. Critical realism
2.English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of ______. The critical realists described with vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society. A.Fiction
3.The greatest English critical realist novelist is ______, who criticized the bourgeois civilization and showed the misery of the common people.
B.Charles Dickens
4.______ is a critical realist who severely exposed contemporary society. His novels, such as V anity Fair, are mainly a satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society. C.William Makepeace Thackeray
5.Which of the following does not belong to the English critical realists? Oliver Goldsmith
6. __ was a movement for political and social reform in the United Kingdom during the mid-19th century, between 1838 and 1859. It was possibly the first mass working class labor movement in the world. C.Chartism
7.In the Victorian age, poetry was not a major art form. The main poets of the age include all the following except ______.
D.Robert Burns
8.The first period of Dickens‘s literary c areer (1836-1841) is marked for youthful optimism. The main novels written in this period include all the following except ______. D.Little Dorrit
9.The second period of Dickens‘s literary career (1842-1849) was a time of excitement and irritation, when his optimism toward society was profoundly shaken. The Main novels written in this period include all the following except ______.
D.Our Mutual Friend
10.The third period of Dickens‘s literary career (1852-1870) showed intensifying pessimism. His novels produced in this period include all the following except ______. Nicholas Nickleby
11.Dickens took the French Revolution as the background of his novel ______. A Tale of Two Cities
12.______ is often regarded as the semi-autobiography of Charles Dickens, in which the early life of the protagonist is largely based on the author‘s childhood years. B.David Copperfield
13.In the novel ______, Dickens exposed the terrible conditions in the English workhouses of the time and the corruption of fake philanthropists.
B.Oliver Twist
14.Which of the following is the masterpiece of William Makepeace Thackeray? B.Vanity Fair
15.The Bronte sisters, who are all talented but short-lived writers, include all the following except ______. D.Jane
16.Which of the following is not a novel by Charlotte Bronte? D.Agnes Grey
17.Emily Bronte wrote only one novel entitled ______. Wuthering Heights
18.All of the following are characters in Wuthering Heights except ______. Mr. Rochester
19.Which of the following comments about Jane Eyre is not right? B.It criticizes the bourgeois legal system.
20.Thomas Hardy is one of the representatives of English ______ novelist at the end of the 19th century. Realist
21.Which of the following statements is not true about Thomas Hardy? D. His masterpiece is A Pair of Blue Eyes.
22.According to Hardy‘s own classification, his novels fall into three groups, including all the following except ______.
D.Working Class Literature
23.Hardy‘s novels of Character and Environment take his home region W essex as their setting. They include all the following except ______.
C. A Pilgrim‘s Progress
24.______, whose best works include the novel The Picture of Dorian Grey and the comedy The Importance of Being Ernest, is an Irish writer and poet known for his involvement in aestheticism (唯美主义). C.Oscar Wilde
Chapter 5
1. ________ is the founder of the ―stream of consciousness‖ school of novel writing. B. James Joyce
2. David Lawrence‘s autobiographical novel is _________. C.Sons and Lovers
3. Lenin‘s judgment ―a good man fallen among the Fabians‖ refers to _________. A. G. B. Shaw
4. George Bernard Shaw‘s play ________ tells a story about a proprietress of brothels. She considers the profit derived from this business quite honorable. D.Mrs. War ren‘s Profession
5. In 1923, __________ was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. D.William Butler Yeats
*Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟——Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集
William Shakespeare莎士比亚——Sonnets十四行诗集；Macbeth麦克白; Hamlet哈姆雷特; Othello奥塞罗; King Lear 李尔王
Francis Bacon培根——Essays论说文集（名文：Of Studies论学习）
Alexander Pope蒲柏——An Essay on Criticism批评论; The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记
Daniel Defoe笛福——Robinson Crusoe鲁宾孙飘流记; Moll Flanders摩尔弗兰德斯
*Jonathan Swift斯威夫特——Gulliver's Travels格列佛游记
*Samuel Richardson理查逊——Pamela帕米拉; Clarissa克拉丽莎
*Henry Fielding菲尔丁——Tom Jones汤姆·琼斯
*Samuel Johnson约翰逊——Dictionary of the English Language英语语言辞典; Lives of Poets诗人列传
William Blake布莱克——Songs of Innocence天真之歌; Songs of Experience经验之歌。名诗：The Chimney Sweeper 扫烟囱的孩子; The Tiger老虎
Robert Burns彭斯——A Red, Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰; Auld Lang Syne往昔的时光
William Wordsworth华兹华斯——Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集; The Prelude序曲。名诗：My Heart Leaps Up When I Behold我心欢跃; I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud我孤独地漫游，像一朵云; The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女
George Gordon Byron拜伦——Childe Harold's Pilgrimage恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记; Don Juan唐·璜。名诗：She Walks in Beauty
Percy Bysshe Shelley雪莱——Ode to the West Wind西风颂
John Keats济慈——Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂
*Walter Scott司各特——Waverley威弗利; Ivanhoe艾凡赫
Jane Austin奥斯丁——Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见; Sense and Sensibility理智与情感; Emma爱玛
Mary Shelley玛丽雪莱——Frankenstein弗兰肯斯坦
Charles Lamb兰姆——Dream Children梦中的孩子
Charles Dickens狄更斯——Oliver Twist奥列佛·退斯特（雾都孤儿）; A Christmas Carol 圣诞欢歌; David Copperfield 大卫·科波菲尔; A Tale of Two Cities双城记; Great Expectations远大前程
Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂·勃朗特——Jane Eyre简爱
Emily Bronte艾米丽·勃朗特——Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄
Thomas Hardy哈代——Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣; The Return of the Native还乡; The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长; Tess of the D'Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝; Jude the Obscure无名的裘德
George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳——Mrs. Warren's Profession华伦夫人的职业; Pygmalion匹克梅梁; The Apple Cart苹果车
William Butler Yeats叶芝——The Lake Isle of Innisfree茵纳斯弗利岛; Down by the Salley Gardens柳树园边
David Herbert Lawrence劳伦斯——Sons and Lovers儿子与情人; Women in Love恋爱中的女人; Lady Chatterley's Lover查泰莱夫人的情人
James Joyce乔伊斯——Dubliners都柏林人; Ulysses尤利西斯
（*代表补充的作家）
1、叙事诗Narrative poem：A narrative poem tells a story in verse. It includes ballads;epics and metrical romances.
2、抒情诗Lyric poem：A lyric poem expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker.
3、颂词Ode：The ode is a lyric poem of some length that honors an individual, a thing,or a trait dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner. For example: Ode to The West Wind
4、十四行诗Sonnet：A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem with a single theme.Sonnets vary but are usually written in iambic pentameter,following one of two traditional patterns.
5、素体诗Blank Verse：Blank verse is poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter lines.
6、自由诗Free Verse：Free verse is poetry not written in a regular rhythmical pattern or meter.
7、图画诗Pictorialism：Pictorialism is an important poetic device characterized by efforts to achieve striking visual effects.
8、韵律rhyme：Rhyme is the repetition of sounds at the ends of words.
9、韵脚Rhyme Scheme：A rhyme scheme is a regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem or stanza.
10、格律Meter：The meter of a poem is its rhythmical pattern.
格律分类：抑扬iamb扬抑trochee 抑抑扬anapest 杨抑抑dactyl 扬扬spondee 抑抑pyrrhic 抑扬抑amphibrach 扬抑扬ampimacer (Iambic pentameter; heroic couplet.必考)
音步分类：一步monometer 二步dimeter 三步trimester 四步tetrameter 五步pentameter 六步hexameter 七步heptameter
11、诗节stanza：A stanza is a group of lines in a poem, seen as a unit.
12、小说分类Fiction：Fiction is prose writing about imaginary characters and events including novels and short stories.
13、长篇小说Novel：A fictional prose narrative of considerable length,dealing especially with human experience through a usually connected sequence of event,typically having a plot.
14、传奇Legend：A legend is a widely told story about the past.
15、神话Myth：A myth is a fictional tale originally with religious significance,which explains the actions of gods or heroes.
16、哥特式小说Gothic：Gothic is a term used to describe literary works that make extensive use of primitive,medieval,wild,mysterious,or supernatural elements.
17、现实主义小说Realism：Realism is the presentation in art of details from actual life.
18、意识流小说Stream of Consciousness：Stream of consciousness is a narrative technique that presents thoughts as if they were coming directly from a character's mind.
19、象征symbol：symbols are a part of our everyday lives.
20、象征意义symbolism：symbolism is especially appropriate for poetry because it enables poets to compress a very complex idea or set of ideas into one image or even one word.
21、冲突conflict：is a struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem.
22、反语irony：irony always involves a contrast, a disparity between the expected and the actual.
23、人物性格characters：characters are persons – or animals, thins, or natural forces presented as persons – appearing in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem.
24、人物刻画characterization：characterization refers to the personality a character displays; also, it is the means by which an author reveals that personality.
四、作品辨析
（1）第一章第一节莎士比亚的《十四行诗18》
When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes
I all alone beweep my outcast state,
And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
And look upon myself, and curse my fate,
Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
Featured like him, like him with friends possessed,
Desiring this man's art, and that man's scope,
With what I most enjoy contented least;
Yet in these thoughts my self almost despising,
Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
Like to the lark at break of day arising
From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;
For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings
That then I scorn to change my state with kings.
Questions 必考
This is Shakespeare‘s 1_ Sonnet 29（不考）.. The rhyme scheme of this poem is 2_ abab cdcd efef gg, and the meter (rhythmical pattern) _, and the meter (rhythmical pattern) is 3_ iambic pentameter._.
（2）第二节培根《论学习》
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can exe-cute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.
Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the
Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt
1.Where is selection taken from? Who is the author?
It is selected from Of studies whose author is Francis Bacon
2.Francis Bacon is celebrated for his style of essay writing. What‘s his style?
(1) Clarity (short sentences, logical, comparison)
(2) Brevity (not redundant)
(3) Force (to the point; parallelism)
(4) Balanced structure (parallelism; two sides; long/short sentences)
(5) aphoristic (多格言警句)
（3）第二章第二节笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》
After I had been there about ten or twelve days it came into my thoughts that I should lose my reckoning of time for want of books and pen and ink, and should even forget the Sabbath days from the working days; but to prevent this, I cut it with my knife upon a large post, in capital letters; and making it into a great cross, I set it up on the shore where I first landed, viz., "I came on shore here the 30th of September 1659." Upon the sides of this square post I cut every day a notch with my knife, and every seventh notch was as long again as the rest, and every first day of the month as long again as that long one; and thus I kept my calendar, or weekly, monthly, and yearly reckoning of time.
Questions:
1、Where is selection taken from? Who is the author?Robinson Crusoe; Daniel Defoe
Explain:
―reckoning of time‖:calculation of time
―want‖:lack
―as long again as‖:twice as long as
2. Comment on the significance of the novel Robinson Crusoe, and on the features of Daniel Defoe's novels in general. 人物在英国历史上有重要地位（必考）
(1)Significance of Robinson Crusoe: Robinson Crusoe is one of the most memorable protagonists in English novels. Through his characterization of the character, Defoe depicts a hero struggling against nature and human fate with his indomitable will and hand, and eulogizes creative labor, both physical and mental. From an individual laborer to a master and colonizer, Crusoe seems to have gone through various stages of human civilization. However, the novel also embellishes colonialism of the British government.
(2)features of Daniel Defoe's novels:Defoe's novels all take the form of memoirs or pretended historical narratives, everything in them gives the impression of reality, which is achieved by his insistence on detail.
Defoe's intention is that the readers should regard his novels as true stories. For that reason, he deliberately avoids all art, all fine writing, so that the reader should concentrate only on a series of plausible events.
The central idea of his novels is that man is good and noble by nature but may succumb to an evil social environment. Defoe wants to make it clear that society is the source of various crimes and vices.
（4）第三章第一节布莱克的《扫烟囱的孩子》
A little black thing among the snow,
Crying ?weep‘ ?weep‘! in notes of woe!
―where are thy mother & father? Say?‖
―they are both gone up to the church to pray
Questions
(1) Who is the poet? William Blake
(2) Where is this stanza taken from? The Chimney Sweeper
(3) What is the writer‘s attitude to the sweepers? Blake showed great sympathy to the chimney sweepers.
(4) What does ―a little black thing‖ refer to?The child who swept the chimneys.
（5）第二节彭斯的《往昔时光》
Should auld acquaintance be forgot,
And never brought to mind
Should auld acquaintance be forgot,
And auld lang syne？
Questions:
（1）where is this stanza taken from? Auld Lang Syne
(2) who is the poet? Robert Burns
(3) what is the theme of this poet?
①cherishing the memory of the old time;
②cherishing the friendship;
③the wish of the reunion with the old friend.
(4) what is the characteristics of Robert burns’works？His poetry is full of radical democracy and freedom of thought.
（6）第三节华兹华斯《我孤独地漫游，像一朵云》
I wand er‘d lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o‘er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Questions:
（1）where is this stanza taken from? I wandered lonely as a cloud
(2) who is the poet? William wordsworth
(3) how does the port successfully employ personification to describe the beauty of the daffodils？The poet personify the daffodils to a very pretty and charming dancer.
（7）第四节雪莱的《西风颂》
O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn‘s being,
Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing
Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red.
Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,
Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed
Questions:
(1) Who is the poet? Percy Bysshe Shelley
(2) Where is this stanza taken from?Ode to the West Wind
(3) What is rhyme scheme of the first stanza of this poem? aba bcb cdc ded ff
(4) What is the poetic form of this selection? Ode
Explain:
―being‖: life, existence
―enchanter fleeing‖: feeling from an enchanter
―hectic red‖: unhealthy, morbid red, feverish
―Pestilence-stricken multitudes‖: the dead leaves
（8）第七节奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏见》
It‘s a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in a want of a wife.
However little know the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.
―my dear Mr. Bennet,‖said his lady to him one day, ―have you heard that Netherfield Park is let the last?‖
Mr. Bennet replied that he had not.
―But it is,‖ returned she; ―for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it.‖
Mr. Bennet made no answer.
―Do not you want to know who has taken it ?‖ cried his wife impatiently.
―You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it.‖
This was invitation enough.
…
Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three and twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news.
1.The passage is taken from a novel entitled _ Pride and Prejudice_.
2.The writer of the novel is _ Jane Austen _.
3.What is the character of Mr. Bennet?
He is the one who sarcastic humorous, reserved, and capricious.
4.What does the underling of the sentence meaning?
It means that it was easier to understand her mind.
（9）第九节兰姆的《梦中孩子》
Here Alice put out one of her dear mother‘s looks, too tender to be called upbraiding. Then I went on to say, how religious and how good their grandmother Field was, how be loved and respected by every body, though she was not indeed the mistress of this great house, but had only the charge of it (and yet in some respects shi might said to be the mistress of it too)committed to her by the owner, who preferred living in a newer and more fashionable mansion which he had purchased somewhere in the adjoining country; but she still lived in it in a manner as if it has been her own, and kept up the dignity of the great house in a sort where she lived, which afterwards came to decay, and nearly pulled down, and all its old ornaments stripped and carried away to the owner‘s other house, where they were set up, and looked as awkward as if some one were carried away to the old tombs they had seen lately at the Abbey, and stick them up in Lady C.‘s tawdry gilt drawing-room. Here John smiled, as much as to say, ―that would be foolish indeed.‖
1. The passage is taken from a novel entitled _Dream-Children: A Reverie _.
2. The writer of the novel is _Charles Lamb_.
3. Who is Alice and John?
Alice is Lamb‘s imaginary daughter;
John is Lamb‘s imaginary son
4. What makes the essay so touching?
It reveals the conflicts and darkness of that society in sarcastic ways, and expresses the sympathy to the poor people.
（10）第四章第一节狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》
The evening arrived; the boys took their places. The master, in his cook's uniform, stationed himself at the copper; his pauper assistants ranged themselves behind him; the gruel was served out; and a long grace was said over the short commons. The gruel disappeared; the boys whispered each other, and winked at Oliver; while his next neighbours nudged him. Child as he was, he was desperate with hunger, and reckless with misery. He rose from the table; and advancing to the master, basin and spoon in hand, said: somewhat alarmed at his own temerity:
―Please, sir, I want some more.‖
The master was a fat, healthy man; but he turned very pale. He gazed in stupefied astonishment on the small rebel for some seconds, and then clung for support to the copper. The assistants were paralysed with wonder; the boys with fear. Questions:
1.The passage is taken from a novel entitled Oliver Twist
2.The writer of the novel is Charles Dickens
（11）第二节夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简爱》
“I tell you I must go!‖I retorted, roused to something like passion. ―Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton?-a machine without feelings? And can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!-I have as much as soul as you,--and full as much heart! And If god had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh;--it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; jus as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God‘s feet equal, --as we are!‖
1.The passage is taken from a novel entitled _Jane Eyre_.
2.The writer of the novel is _Charlotte Bronte_.
3.Who is the ―I‖ in the passage? Jane Eyre
4.Try to analyze Jane‘s characters according to this passage. Jane Eyre is the protagonist of the novel. Orphaned as a baby, she struggles through her nearly loveless childhood and becomes governess at Thornfield Hall. Jane is passionate and opinionated, and values freedom and independence. She also has a strong conscience and is a determined Christian.
Summarize the story of Jane Eyre.
(The following summary is provided for reference only)
Jane Eyre is a first-person narrative of the title character. The novel goes through five distinct stages: Jane's childhood at Gateshead, where she is emotionally and physically abused by her aunt and cousins; her education at Lowood School, where she acquires friends and role models but also suffers privations(遭受压迫) and oppression; her time as the governess of Thornfield Hall, where she falls in love with her Byronic employer, Edward Rochester; her time with the Rivers family during which her earnest but cold clergyman-cousin St John Rivers proposes to her; and the finale with her reunion with and marriage to her beloved Rochester.
（12）第三节艾米丽·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》
'There's a letter for you, Mrs. Linton,' I said, gently inserting it in one hand that rested on her knee. 'You must read it immediately, because it wants an answer. Shall I break the seal?' 'Yes,' she answered, without altering the direction of her eyes. I opened it - it was very short. 'Now,' I continued, 'read it.' She drew away her hand, and let it fall. I replaced it in her lap, and stood waiting till it should please her to glance down; but that movement was so long delayed that at last I resumed - 'Must I read it, ma'am? It is from Mr. Heathcliff.'
There was a start and a troubled gleam of recollection, and a struggle to arrange her ideas. She lifted the letter, and seemed to peruse it; and when she came to the signature she sighed: yet still I found she had not gathered its import, for, upon my desiring to hear her reply, she merely pointed to the name, and gazed at me with mournful and questioning eagerness. Questions:
1.The passage is taken from a novel entitled _Wuthering Heights_.
2、The writer of the novel is _Emily Bronte_.
3、Who is the ―I‖ in the first line?Nelly, the housekeeper
4、What is the relationship between Heathcliff and Mrs. Linton?They are lovers from childhood.
5. Who is Mrs. Linton?Catherine.
6.What might be the causes for the tragic death of Mrs. Linton?
She marries the man she does not love and is still in passionate love for Heathcliff. That leads her tragic death.
7. Conflict is a struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem. What‘s the conflict within Mrs.Linton (Catherine)?
She desires a genteel and civilized life. She loves Heathcliff. She is torn between these two desires or passions.
8. Comment upon the denouement of the novel as contrasted with the happy ending of Charlotte Bronte‘s Jane Eyre.
Catherine died because of her passion for Heathcliff, the predominantly main interest of her life. Jane Eyre also loves Rochester deeply, but she had a happen ending and married with her beloved Rochester because of her independence of will.
9. Try to analyze Catherine‘s and Heathcliff‘s characters.
Heathcliff showed us the tense conflict of love and hatred, kindness and cruelty. We cannot say Heathcliff bad or good. His life experience determined his two-side character, kind and cruel, passionate and isolated, courageous and rebellious.
Catherine is a complicate figure too. She has both thoughts of freedom and spirit of revolt, but also has vanity and class prejudice. This kind of duality in her character makes her to be both a rebel and a compromise.
（13）第四节哈代的《德伯家的苔丝》
He looked up, and perceived tow life-size portraits on panels built into the masonry. As all visitors to the mansion are aware, these paintings represent women of middle age, of a date some two hundred years ago, whose lineaments once seen can never be forgotten. The long pointed features, narrow eye, and smirk of the one, so suggestive of merciless treachery: the bill-hook nose, large teeth, and bold eye of the other, suggesting arrogance to the point of ferocity, haunt the beholder afterwards in his dreams.
―Whose portraits are those?‖ asked Claire of the charwoman.
―I have been told by old folk that they were ladies of the d‘Urbrerville family, the ancient lords of this manor,‖ she said. ―Owing to their being builded into the wall they can‘ be moved away.‖The unpleasantness of the matter was that, in addition to their effect upon Tess, her fine features were
unquestionably traceable in these exaggerated forms. He said nothing of this, however, and, regretting that he had gone out of his way to choose the house for their bridal time, went on into the adjoining room. The place having been rather hastily prepared for them washed their hands in one basin. Clare touched hers under the water.
1.The passage is taken from a novel entitled _Tess of the d‘Urbervilles _.
2.The writer of the novel is _Thomas Hardy_.
3. What does ‖lineaments‖ mean in the passage? ―L ineaments‖ means features in this passage.
4. Why was Tess horrified while she was walking on the landing? In Claire‘s eyes, what else could be shown from the two portraits?
Tess saw the two life-size portraits of the ladies which reminded her of her own treachery to Angel Claire.
In Claire‘s eyes Tess and two ladies were quite alike in their features.
5. For what reason was Tess ―not a bit‖ cheerful on her wedding night?
Tess thought she was unworthy of being Angel‘s wife because of her past at Trantridge and her treachery to Angel.
6.Hardy‘s main characters often seem to be in the overwhelming and overpowering grip of fate, what‘s the deep reason that causes Tess‘s tragedy?
Tess falls to the victim of the double standard of sexual mores of the Victorian times. That‘s the deep reason that causes Tess‘s tragedy.
（14）第五章第二节叶芝《茵内斯费里湖岛》
I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made;
Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honey-bee,
And live alone in the bee-loud glade.
Questions:
1.Who is the poet? William Butler Yeats
2. Where is this stanza taken from?The Lake Isle of Innisfree
3. What does ―Innisfree‖ mean in this poem? Here the author is referring to a place for hermitage
4. What does ―the bee-loud glade‖ refer to? An open place in the wood where bees buzz loudly
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1. 典范英语Good English 1--5 2. 丽声英语系列全套 3. 贝贝熊“I Can Read!”双语阅读系列（全12册） 4. 语感启蒙-经典英文儿歌图画书(套装共22册) 5. Clifford系列 6. Dora’s Big book of Stories(7 stories inside), Dora’s Storytime Collection (7 stories inside) 7. Key words ladybird 36本 8. 迪士尼五分钟故事系列 9. 书虫-牛津英汉双语读物入门级 10. Peppa pig (90本) 11. Picture Dictionary (儿歌、对话、词汇等) 12. Usborne--Very first reading (50本) 13. Treasures Grade le*el 1 ---(电子书) 14. Dr. Seuss 15. National Geographic KIDS pre-le*el 动物系列 16. 英文原版 Me and 系列5本 (*)
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项目班自主学习推荐书目Semester 1 1.Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 2.Frances Eliza Hodgson Burnett, The Secret Garden 3.Daphne Du Maurier, Rebecca 4.Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels 5.Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island 6.Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe 7. E.B. White, Charlotte’s Web 8.Lyman Frank Baum, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz 9.Sue Monk Kidd, The Secret Life of Bees 10.Louisa May Alcott, Little Women (注：1-6 英国，7-10 美国) Semester 2 1.Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre 2.Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights 3.William Golding, Lord of the Flies 4.Kingsley Amis, Lucky Jim 5. F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby 6.Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea 7.Jack London, The Call of the Wild 8.J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye 9.L. M. Montgomery, Anne of Green Gables https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8b4292064.html,es Franklin, My Brilliant Career （注：1-4 英国，5-8 美国，9加拿大，10 澳大利亚）Semester 3 1.Margaret Drabble, The Waterfall 2.Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray 3.Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice 4.Agatha Christie, Murder on the Orient Express 5.Stephen Crane, The Red Badge of Courage 6.Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter 7.John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath 8.Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin 9.Stephen Leacock, Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town 10.Randolph Stow, To the Islands （注：1-4 英国，5-8 美国，9加拿大，10 澳大利亚）
必读英美文学经典作品20本
必读英美文学经典作品20本 American Literature 1、The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Howthorne《红字》霍桑著 小说惯用象征手法，人物、情节和语言都颇具主观想象色彩，在描写中又常把人的心理活
动和直觉放在首位。因此，它不仅是美利坚合众国浪漫主义小说的代表作，同时也被称作 是美利坚合众国心理分析小说的开创篇。 2、The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain 《哈克贝利.芬历险记》 简称《赫克》是美国文学中的珍品,也是美国文化中的珍品。十六年前【1984】 ,美国文坛为《赫克》出版一百周年举行了广泛的庆祝活动和学术讨论,也出版了一些研究马克吐温,特别是他的《赫克》的专著。专门为一位大作家的一本名著而举行如此广泛的纪念和专门的研究,这在世界文坛上也是少有的盛事。这是因为《赫克》的意义不一般. 美国著名作家海明威说, "一切现代美国文学来自一本书, 即马克吐温的《赫克尔贝里芬历险记》……这是我们所有书中最好的。一切美国文学都来自这本书,在它之前,或在它之后,都不曾有
过能与之媲美的作品。 3、The Portrait of a Lady by Henry James 《贵妇画像》 亨利.詹姆斯著】 美国小说家亨利·詹姆斯的《贵妇画像》自问世以来一直受到文学评论界的关注，专家学者已从各个不同角度对女主人伊莎贝尔·阿切尔作了深入细致的研究。本文试图从一个全新的视角，即跨文化交际角度，剖析伊莎贝尔在婚姻方面所作的选择。文章指出她是该小说中跨文化交际的最大失败者，并对其失败原因作了分析。希望在跨文化交际日益频繁的今天我们都能从伊莎贝尔的生活经历中得到某种启发。
英美文学英语专业八级
英美文学 1. William Faulkner is the author of ______. A. Far From the Modeling Crowd B. Sound and Fury C. For Whom the Bell Tolls D. Scarlet Letter 1. Robert Frost is a famous ______. A. novelist B. playwright C. poet D. literary critic 3. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ______ A. Jack London B. Charles Dickens C. Samuel Coleridge DEmest Hemingway 4. Which of the following poets is different from the others? A. John Donne. B. John Keats. C. Lord Byron. D. Percy Bysshe Shelley. 5. Which of the following is not written by William Shakespeare? A. Othello. B. The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus. C. Romeo and Juliet. D. The Twelfth Night. 6. Beowulf narrates a story taking place in ______. A. the Mediterranean B. Northern Europe C. England D. Scandinavia 7. ______ refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality. A. Allegory B. Conflict C. Irony D. Flashback 8. William Wordsworth is an English _____. A. poet B. novelist C. playwright D. critic 9. The great transcendental work by Henry David Thoreau is ______. A. Nature B. Walden C. Experience D. Essays 10. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT ______. A. Dubliners B. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man C. Jude the Obscure D. Ulysses 11. The Bronte Sisters published the following famous novels EXCEPT ______. A. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall B. Jane Eyre C. Wuthering Heights D. Agnes Grey 12. In which novel can "Yahoo" be found? A. John Bunyan' s Pilgrim' s Progress. B. Edmund Spencer' s The Faerie Queen. C. Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. D. Henry Fielding's Tom Jones. 13. The Victorian Age was largely an age of ______, eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray. A. pessimism B. naturalism C. modernism D. critical realism 14. Mark Twain shaped the world' s view of America and made a combination of ______ and
整个小学英语阅读书单
小学一年级 1. A picture reader （10本）(台湾东西出版社) 2. Phonics kids 1A-4B 3. Sight words 1A-6B 4. 培生幼儿英语预备级、基础级（80本） 5. Longman Reading Project Level one （10本） 6. 兰登双语经典彩虹系列1,2 （14本） 7. Oxford Reading Tree 1-2 (约60本电子书) Oxford Reading Tree 3-5 (约120本） 8. Pig and elephant 系列-（7本电子书） 9. Five little monkey 系列（7本电子书） 10. I can read 1---Biscuits 系列（约20本电子书） 11. 海尼曼英语GK, G1 (约200本电子书) 12. Little Critter （27本） 13. Curious George (24本) 14. Peppa pig (90本) 15. Picture Dictionary (儿歌、对话、词汇等) 16. Usborne--Very first reading (50本) 17. Treasures Grade level 1 ---(电子书) 18. Dr. Seuss 19. National Geographic KIDS pre-level 动物系列 20. 英文原版Me and 系列5本
21. 典范英语Good English 1--5 22. 丽声英语系列全套 23. 贝贝熊“I Can Read!”双语阅读系列（全12册） 24. 语感启蒙-经典英文儿歌图画书(套装共22册) 25. Clifford系列 26. Dora’s Big book of Stories(7 stories inside), Dora’s Storytime Collection (7 stories inside) 27. Key words ladybird 36本 28. 迪士尼五分钟故事系列 29. 书虫-牛津英汉双语读物入门级 小学二年级 1. Phonics kids 5A-6B 2. 培生幼儿英语提高级（约20本） 3. 海尼曼英语G2 （100本） 4. Usborne –My second reading (50本) 5. Peppa pig S3-4 (100本) 6. I can Read Level 2 7. Treasures Grade2 （电子书） 8. 亚瑟小子系列 9. 女巫温妮系列 10. 糊涂女佣 11. 小乌龟Franklin
英语专业一年级必读书目
英语专业一年级学生必读书目 外语教学与研究出版社 1. 书虫系列· 牛津英汉双语读物曼斯菲尔德著出版日期：2004-02-27 “书虫”是外语教学与研究出版社和牛津大学出版社共同奉献给广大英语学习者的一大精品。书虫在英语中大概是颇可爱的形象，试想想如痴如醉沉迷于书卷，孜孜水倦地咀嚼着字母的那么一只“书虫”…… 如今这只“书虫”漂洋过海，轻盈地落在了中国英语学习者的掌中。“书虫”首先将给你自信，即使你目前只有几百词汇，却可以不大费劲地阅览世界名作了。书虫还会用它细细的鸣叫声不停地提醒你：要坚持不懈地读下去，要广泛而丰富地读下去。待到读完丛书系列中的最后一本，你也许会突然发现：你已经如蛹变蝶一样，振翅欲翔了！ 2. 外研社·DK英汉对照百科读物出版日期：2002-08-15 这是第一套专门为非英语国家学习者编写的非小说类读物。这些缤纷多彩的读物揭示了我们周围世界的各个侧面：历史、地理、科技、体育……还有许许多多其他的事情。它们还为我们展示了现在和过去人们各种各样的生活方式。外研社·DK英汉对照百科读物为您提供了从中获取知识及享受阅读之乐的材料，使您体会到学习英语的真正意义所在。书中插图会帮助您理解与书的主题相关的特殊词汇：奥林匹克运动、时光之旅、特洛伊战争等等。选择您感兴趣的主题，在提高英语水平的同时学到知识，实在是一举两得的事情。本套丛书按语言难度分为5个级别：入门级、初级A、初级B、中级、中高级、词汇量分别为300词、600词、800词、1300词和2000词，非常适合中学生、大学生和剑桥考试参加者使用。丛书的编排也颇具特色，书中图文穿插，彩色印刷，逼真的视觉效果将使您拥有更加美妙的阅读感受。希望本丛书能令您读得开心！ 3. 英语习语与英美文化(跨文化交际丛书) 平洪张国扬编出版日期： 2000-01-01 习语是语言发展的结晶，是语言使用者长期以来习用的、形式简洁而意思精辟的定型词组或短句。英语是世界上词汇最丰富的语言之一，英语习语更显得纷繁浩瀚，渗透着浓郁的西方文化气息，交织着其他民族的影响，犹如一幅色彩斑斓的画卷，展示出英语民族语言文化的发展和演变。本书从探索语言与文化、习语与语言的关系入手，分析英语习语与英语民族的历史发展、地理环境、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、寓言神话、文学艺术等几个主要文化侧面的关系。 本书从文化的角度探讨英语习语的起源与发展，广泛收集各类习语，按各个文化侧面进行分类，每条习语辅以简洁准确的例句，使读者既能学到文化，又能学到语言，并能从大量的语言材料中看到语言与文化的密切关系，通过加深对英语民族文化的了解来提高跨文化的语言交际能力。
浅谈英语系下英美文学对比与分析 文档
浅谈英语系下英美文学对比与分析 英国文学与美国文学是当今社会影响范围最为深广的两类文学，对于英美文学的研究屡见不鲜。英美两国的文化具有一定的差异性，但是美国曾经是英国的殖民地，文化之间又有一定的共通性。英国文学历史悠久，文学体系完备，文学发展依照历史的发展而逐渐变化，文艺复兴时期的莎士比亚是英国文学与文化的象征，十七世纪的革命诗人弥尔顿，十八世纪启蒙主义思想引导下的各个散文作家，十九世纪的浪漫主义与现实主义的思潮影响下的诗人与剧作家，二十世纪现代主义思潮影响下的艾略特、乔伊斯……而美国文学与本土文化息息相关，体现着多元化与复杂性。在殖民时期，美国作家的作品受到英国文学的深刻影响，例如泰勒的诗得益于约翰?多恩和乔治?赫伯特的影响。在独立革命时期，美国文学逐渐形成了具有特色的民族文学，在浪漫主义思潮影响下的超验主义，极具本土特色的废奴小说。在南北战争时期，美国的现实主义文学逐渐开始发展，马克?吐温的乡土文学，詹姆斯的心理分析小说，以及黑人小说。在两战期间，现代主义思潮影响了以海明威为代表的“迷惘的一代”。二战后期，后现代主义思潮影响下的“垮掉的一代”，“黑色幽默”。英美文学的对比与分析范围比较广泛，本篇将以三大文学思潮：浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义在英美的发展来进行对比。 一、浪漫主义思潮时期
浪漫主义是在现实生活的基础之上，以热情奔放的语言，绚丽多彩的想象，直白夸张的表现形式，抒发对理想世界的追求。浪漫主义思潮比较注重个人情感的表达与抒发，具有浓烈的主观色彩。一是英美文学都是以诗歌为奠基石，但所占的立场不同。浪漫主义文学分为积极与消极，英国浪漫主义代表作家“湖畔诗人”就是消极派的代表，他们对资本主义的工业与文明十分的排斥，大力歌颂宗法制的自然与社会生活。《抒情歌谣集》是华兹华斯与柯勒律治共同出版的，是英国浪漫主义文学的奠基之作，他们的理论与实践结束了英文古典诗歌的统治。美国浪漫主义文学是以惠特曼的《草叶集》为开端的，开创了美国民族诗歌的新时代，作者是站在激进的民主主义立场上进行歌颂的。二是美国的浪漫主义文学师承英国，但却富有美国色彩。美国作家受到英国作家的影响，同样喜欢抒发个人的情感，以及喜欢描绘异国的风光。但是在美国文学中突出表现的“西部开拓”却是一个极具特色的素材。在库伯《皮袜子的故事里》美国本土的自然风光与景物成为了人物品格的象征，形成了美国文学离开尘世，心向自然的传统。三是英国浪漫主义作品以诗歌为主，而美国的作品更加丰富独特。英国文学中第二代作家与“湖畔诗人”消极态度相反，主张争取民主与自由，雪莱的《西风颂》、济慈的《夜莺颂》。英文文学中也有具有代表性的历史小说、哥特小说。美国文学中有喜剧性寓言体小说、歌德式的惊险故事，边疆历险故事，社会现实小说。超验主义也是美国文学的一大特色。．
2020最新小学1-6年级英语课外阅读书单(收藏版)
2020最新小学1-6年级英语课外阅读书单（收藏版） 一年级 1. A picture reader （10本）(台湾东西出版社) 2. Phonics kids 1A-4B 3. Sight words 1A-6B 4. 培生幼儿英语预备级、基础级（80本） 5. Longman Reading Project Level one （10本） 6. 兰登双语经典彩虹系列1,2 （14本） 7. Oxford Reading Tree 1-2 (约60本电子书) Oxford Reading Tree 3-5 (约120本） 8. Pig and elephant 系列-（7本电子书） 9. Five little monkey 系列（7本电子书） 10. I can read 1---Biscuits 系列（约20本电子书） 11. 海尼曼英语GK, G1 (约200本电子书) 12. Little Critter （27本） 13. Curious George (24本) 14. Peppa pig (90本) 15. Picture Dictionary (儿歌、对话、词汇等) 16. Usborne--Very first reading (50本) 17. Treasures Grade level 1 ---(电子书)
18. Dr. Seuss 19. National Geographic KIDS pre-level 动物系列 20. 英文原版Me and 系列5本 21. 典范英语Good English 1--5 22. 丽声英语系列全套 23. 贝贝熊“I Can Read!”双语阅读系列（全12册） 24. 语感启蒙-经典英文儿歌图画书(套装共22册) 25. Clifford系列 26. Dora’s Big book of Stories(7 stories inside), Dora’s Storytime Collection (7 stories inside) 27. Key words ladybird 36本 28. 迪士尼五分钟故事系列 29. 书虫-牛津英汉双语读物入门级 二年级 1. Phonics kids 5A-6B 2. 培生幼儿英语提高级（约20本） 3. 海尼曼英语G2 （100本） 4. Usborne –My second reading (50本)