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名词从句

第三节：名词从句的译法

英语的名词从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。翻译这种从句，可用顺译、倒译、分译、合译、省译等方法处理，这要视具体情况和汉语习惯表达法而定。现分述如下：

I．主语从句的译法

含主语从句的句型有两种：一种是“主语从句+主句谓语+其他成分”；另一种是“形式主语it+主句谓语+主语从句”。

A.上述第一种句型一般用顺译法

1．That she survived the earthquake is sheer luck.

她在地震中幸免于难纯靠运气。

2.Who ever breaks the regulations deserves a fine.

违规者应予罚款。

3.Which result is correct remains to be studied.

哪个结果正确，还有待研究。

4.What little she said has left us much to think about.

她说的短短几句话很发人深思。

有时这类句子在用顺译法的同时，还需要分译法，将两句译为两个单句。例如：

5.That he was in error will scarcely be disputed by his warmest friends. 他弄错了，而他那些真诚的朋友对此不会提出质疑。

B.翻译第二种句型的句子，除需省译形式主语it外，还需根据汉语的表达习惯，有的用顺译，有的用倒译，有的两者均可，有时主从合译

（1）顺译

6.It hasn’t been made clear when the new expressway is to be opened to traffic.

还不清楚新高速公路什么时候通车。

7.It occurred to him that he had forgotten to take his notebook with him. 他突然想起他忘了带笔记本了。

（2）倒译

8.It doesn’t matter where we are going on holiday.

我们去哪儿渡假都没关系。

9.Has it been announced when the planes are to take off?

飞机什么时候起飞播报了没有？

（3）顺译或倒译，两者均可

10.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.

众所周知，鲸不是鱼。（顺译）

或：鲸不是鱼，这是众所周知的。（倒译）

（4）主从合译

11.It is probable that he has got the clue for solving the problem.

他很可能已找到解决这个问题的线索。

12.It seems that that datum is quite convincing.

这个数据似乎很有说服力。

在很多情况下，第二类句型的句子在汉语中已有固定译法。例如：

It is advisable that… …是可能的

It is desirable that… 最好是…

It is evident that… 很明显（或显然）…

It is noteworthy that… 值得注意的是…

It is assumed that… 假定…

It cannot be deni ed that… 无可否认的是…

It is preferred that… 最好…

It is reported that… 据报道…

It is said that… 据说…

It can be seen from this that… 由此可见…

It is well-known that… 众所周知…

It is a fact that… 事实上…

It is no wonder that… 难怪…

II.表语从句的译法

A．翻译表语从句一般用顺译法

13.This is what we are firmly against.

这是我们坚决反对的。

14.Things are not always as they seem to be.

事物并不总是像表面上看来的那样。

15.That is why we decided to put the discussion off.

这就是我们坚决推迟讨论的原因。

B．有时可将主从句合译

16.There is no air and water on the moon. That’s why no living things can live there.

月球上没有空气和水。因此生物在月球上不能生存。

17.That was how they were defeated.

他们就是这样给打败的。

C．有时可用倒译

18.Raw material is what we are badly in need of.

我们急需的是原料。

III．宾语从句的译法

A．英语的宾语从句有三种：动词的宾语从句，例19和20；介词的宾语从句，例21；形容词的宾语从句，例22和23。翻译宾语从句一般都用顺译法

19.I can’t make out what they are talking about.、

我不清楚他们在谈什么。

20.She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend that evening.

她提醒我晚上要参加一个会议。

21.He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.

他没意识到他的这一发现多么重要。

22.You may be sure that he is honest.

你可以相信他是诚实的。

23.We are certain that we’ll be able to accomplish the designing in a short period of time.

我们肯定能在短期内完成这项设计。

C．介词宾语从句若位为位于句首，有时根据汉语习惯，采用倒译法

24.Did she say anything about how the work was to be done?

关于这项工作该怎么做她说了什么没有？

D．英语中有时用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句末。译成汉语时，应将形式宾语省译，而宾语从句则按汉语表达习惯要么用倒译要么用顺译

25.We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.会议取消了，我们都感到遗憾。（倒译）

26.The teacher made it clear to the students that they must hand in their compositions by Friday.

老师给学生讲清楚了，必须在星期五以前交作文。（顺译）

IV．同位语从句的译法

A．用顺译法将同位语从句译为汉语的独立句，并根据具体情况在前面加冒号、破折号或加“即”等表同位关系的词

27．Then arose the question where we were to get the materials needed.

于是就产生了这样一个问题：我们到哪里去找所需要的材料。

1.In July 1898, Madame Curie and her husband got a great success that they

discovered the radioactive element, polonium.

1898年7月，居里夫人和她的丈夫获得了很大的成功—他们发现了放射性元素钋。

2.The name “volcano” indicates the belief of the ancient Gree ks that

the burning hills of the Mediterranean were the workshops of divine blacksmith, Vulcan.

“火山”这一名称表明古希腊人的这一信念，即地中海沿岸大燃烧着的上是锻冶之神“伍尔坎”的工场。

3.Can you produce any evidence that he was not at home that night?

你能不能提出证据，证明那天夜里他不在家。

B．用倒译法将同位语从句译为前置修饰语

4.There was little probability that they would succeed.

他们成功的可能性极小。

5.Any proposals that John should be dismissed must be resisted.

必须抵制将约翰开除的任何提议。

C.用转换法将同位与从句转译为汉语的复合结构作宾语

被同位语所说明的名词，即本位语，若是由动词转化或派生而来的名词，如thought, hope, wish, proof, discovery, suggestion等，通常可将这类名词转译为汉语的动词，而将同位语从句转译为作动词宾语的复合结构。

6.This thought came to him that maybe he had left his keys in the bedroom.

他突然想起他可能把钥匙遗忘在卧室里了。

7.Is this not another proof that the so-called détente is just empty talk?

这难道不又一次证明所谓缓和只不过是句空话。

8.He gave the order that all the prisoners be set free.

他命令释放所有的犯人。

下面这样的句子也可作类似处理：

9.The story goes that the expedition was a failure.

据说这次远征失败了

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名词性从句名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。一．主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：

It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句

It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)

【英语】英语名词性从句专题训练答案

【英语】英语名词性从句专题训练答案一、初中英语名词性从句 1．______ will be in charge of the meeting has not been decided yet. A. What B. Which C. That D. Who 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：谁将负责这次会议还没有决定。______ will be in charge of the meeting是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指人，故选D。【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及who引导的主语从句。 2．_______ are playing an important part is well known to us all. A. That who B. Those who C. Who that D. Who 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查主语从句。句意：谁起着重要作用，这是众所周知的。主语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少主语，故选D。 3．—Tell me something about your adventure in the rainforest, please. — We lost our way in the forest and ___ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. it; because D. what; because 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查名词性从句的连接词。第一空what作主语从句的主语；第二空为表语从句的that。 4．_______ you don't like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：你不喜欢他，跟我没有什么关系。you don't like him为主语从句，其内容已经是完整的，所以用that，且引导主语从句的that不能省略。 5．________ the weather will not clear up until next week is bad news for us. A. As B. If C. Whether D. That 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查主语从句。句意：直到下周天气才放晴，这对我们来说是坏消息。

经典英语名词性从句

名词性从句在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。主语从句(subject clauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。 That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。 What he said is true. 他说的是真的。 Do you remember how he arrived almost at the end of the party?你记得他几乎是在宴会快结束时才到的吗？ This party's really where it's at, man! 啊，这个晚会真棒！Tell us how you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of schedule.告诉我们,你们是怎样提前完成这一艰巨任务的。 We have reason to believe that the fighting on the border may develop into a full-blown war. (喻)我们有理由相信边境上的冲突可能发展成一场全面战争。 He said that he would come. 他说他要来。

英语名词性从句知识归纳

英语名词性从句知识归纳 Prepared on 22 November 2020

名词性从句知识归纳名词性从句是指在句子中相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句不是修饰性从句，而是复合句中的主干。 . That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother. （主语从句） I know that he is writing his composition in his room. （宾语从句） The question is how we can finish it on time. （表语从句） The fact that some Chinese are still poor is really a great problem. （同位语从句）一、宾语从句---及物动词、介词、部分形容词（certain, sure, glad, afraid, frightened, happy, pleased, sad, sorry, surprised, upset, satisfied等）后. I believe (that) he is honest. (that不充当从句内的任何成分，一般情况可省略) I’m glad that you are satisfied with your job. (that不充当从句内的任何成分) He doesn’t care if/whether it isn’t a fine day. (if/whether不充当从句内的任何成分) Please tell me what you want. (what充当从句内的宾语)

名词性从句详细讲解及练习题

高中英语从句大全一．名词性从句起名词性作用的从句叫名词性从句英语当中其名词性作用的成分有主语，宾语，表语，同位语，当这些成分有一个句子来代替就构成了名词从句，主要有主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。 1.表语从句 1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。（be动词,四“变得”：become, get,turn，go；感官动词look,, smell,sound，taste，feel；及grow, turn out，appear，keep等）引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。 The trouble is that we are short of money. That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow 2、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。 that在引导表语从句时无词义，在口语中，间或可以省略。而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question，trouble，problem等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。 The trouble is that I have lost his address The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。 The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. The question is whether we need more ice cream. The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use. What she could not understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。 The question is which of us should go. The problem was who could do the work.. That's what he is worrying about. That's what we should do. The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。 Go and get your coat.

名词性从句翻译练习及答案

名词性从句翻译练习及答案主语从句： 1. 他来帮助你是确实无疑的。 2. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 3.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 4. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 5．英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 6．我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 7. 他没来参加这个聚会真是一个遗憾。 8. 很显然，学生应该改为他们的未来做好充分的准备。表语从句 1. 这就是我想做的 2. 这房子正是他最需要的东西。 3. 问题在于人们怎样才能找到一种有效的方式来储藏太阳热。 4. 问题是谁能完成这项困难的任务。 5. 今天讨论的话题是未来的学校会是怎样的。 6. 他迟到的原因是交通拥堵。 7. 事实是他对我撒谎了。 8. 这就是Henry 怎样解决问题的。同位语从句: 1. 他们应该尝试第二次的想法值得考虑 2. 她工作很努力的事实我们都知道

3. 他们表达了他们将会再次来拜访中国的希望 4. 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人兴奋。 5. 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。 6. 爸爸许下了我通过英语考试就给我买CD player的承诺 7. 你是从那里得到我不会来的想法? 8. 我们还没有解决我们要去哪里度过暑假的问题. 宾语从句： 1. 我相信他是忠诚的。 2. 我想知道他来还是不来。 3. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 4. 我不知道它是否有意思。 5. 他不在乎天气是否好。 6. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 7. 我们认为你不在这。 8. 我相信他不会这样做。 9. 我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。 10. 请告诉我你需要什么？ 11. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

(英语)英语名词性从句试题经典

（英语）英语名词性从句试题经典一、初中英语名词性从句 1．______ will be in charge of the meeting has not been decided yet. A. What B. Which C. That D. Who 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：谁将负责这次会议还没有决定。______ will be in charge of the meeting是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指人，故选D。【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及who引导的主语从句。 2． is clear to the members of the committee is that the President will not give in to their demands. A. Who B. It C. As D. What 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：委员会成员清楚的是，总统不会向他们的要求让步。that the President will not give in to their demands.这个句子作表语； is clear to the members of the committee这是主语从句，这里缺少主语从句的连接词，并且连接词在句中作主语，it是代词，不是了；连接词，故排除B；as作主语时，是在定语从句中，故排除C；who指人，根据表语指的事情，不是人，故排除A；what在主语从句中可以作主语或宾语，指事，符合句意，故选D。【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句。 3．Has it been announced ______? A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off C. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意: 飞机什么时候起飞已经宣布了吗？此处是when引导的主语从句，且要用陈述句语序，故选D。【点评】考查名词性从句，it作形式主语，关系副词when引导的从句作真正的主语。 4．In the past decade, our education system too much on grades. However, grades have a direct connection with future success is still a question. A. focused; whether B. focused; if C. has focused; whether D. has focused; if 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】考查时态和主语从句。根据In the past decade,在最近的几十年里，可知句子用现在完成时态，our education system是句子的主语，单数形式，所以第一空填has focused；第二空是主语从句做主语，if是否，不能引导主语从句，所以第二空填whether。故选C。

名词性从句的翻译

名词性从句的翻译 Substantive Clause Translation 包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句四类。重点讲解同位语从句的翻译。尤其是避免“即”、“：”、“——”之类的译法。主语从句及翻译（一）以what, who, whether, that, where, why, how, when等代词引导的主语从句翻译时一般可按照原文顺序翻译。例如： Why metals can conduct electricity is an interesting problem. 金属为什么能导电是一个有趣的问题。 That energy can be neither created nor destroyed is a very important law in physical science. 能量既不能创造也不能消灭是物理学的一条很重要的定律。 Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brains of a biologist. 一种生物是植物还是动物，有时使生物学家很伤脑筋。 When it was first invented is not known. 它最初是什么时候发明的，现在还不知道。 Where the water has gone can easily be answered. 水到哪里去了，这很容易回答。（二）形式主语it +谓语+ that (whether)引导的从句，汉译时一般先译从句再译主句。例如： It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air. 众所周知，物体在水中比在空气中轻。 It is no longer a question whether man can fly to the moon.

(完整版)英语名词性从句知识归纳

名词性从句知识归纳名词性从句是指在句子中相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句不是修饰性从句，而是复合句中的主干。 e.g. That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother. （主语从句） I know that he is writing his composition in his room. （宾语从句） The question is how we can finish it on time. （表语从句） The fact that some Chinese are still poor is really a great problem. （同位语从句）一、宾语从句---及物动词、介词、部分形容词（certain, sure, glad, afraid, frightened, happy, pleased, sad, sorry, surprised, upset, satisfied等）后 e.g. I believe (that) he is honest. (that不充当从句内的任何成分，一般情况可省略) I’m glad that you are satisfied with your job. (that不充当从句内的任何成分) He doesn’t care if/whether it isn’t a fine day. (if/whether不充当从句内的任何成分) Please tell me what you want. (what充当从句内的宾语) She always thinks of how she can work well.(how充当从句内的状语) I don’t believe whatever he said. (whatever充当从句内的宾语，意为“任何事”) I’ll take whoever wants to go. (whoever从当从句内的主语，意为“任何人”) 【宾语从句要点拓展】1. that引导宾语从句时一般可以省略，若由and或or连接两个宾语从句时，第一个从句中的that可以省略，而第二个分句前的that不可省略。 e.g. He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 2. whether和if引导宾语从句一般可以互换使用，但以下情况只能使用whether (1) whether可与or not连用e.g. I want to know whether he will see the film or not.