2015年北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题,考研参考书,考研大纲

2015年北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题

英语翻译基础

一、

汉译英15分

1、《中庸》Doctrine of the Mean

2、音译transliteration

3、颐和园the Summer Palace

4、目的语target language

5、不可再生资源non-renewable resource

6、中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences

7、地方人民检察院Local People's Procuratorates

8、领土完整territorial integrity

9、货到付款cash on delivery（COD）

10、对外贸易经济合作部the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

11、洋务运动Westernization Movement

12、中国国际广播电台China Radio International(CRI)

13、改革重点the key points of the reform

15、宪法修正案amendments to the Constitution

英译汉15分

1、（EMS）express mail service特快专递

2、（GNP）gross national product国民生产总值

3、（OPEC）Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国家组织

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4、mission commander指挥官

5、The third party involvement第三方介入

6、（IFF）International Football Federation国际足球联合会

7、Non Aligned Movement不结盟运动

8、House of Representatives众议院

9、（IAEA)International Atomic Energy Agency国际原子能组织

10、Direct dial to phone直拨电话

11、（IQ)intelligence quotient智商

12、computer assisted design计算机辅助设计

13、Federal Bureau of Investigation联邦调查局

二、段落英译汉60分

人物传记类，讲述一个部落放牛郎成长为二十世纪最后一位伟大的解放者。三段，无生词。

三、段落汉译英60分

科技类。Internet给现代生活的改变。三段，较易。正常语序，注意英语一般以物为主语，被动。

第一节英译汉已改了，以前是经济学人那种风格的新闻评论，今年改成了一篇人物志，是奥巴马关于曼德拉的演讲，同样还是很

简单，我翻得很快，出来后和官方翻译一对比水平还是有差距

的.原文：

It is hard to eulogize any man--to capture in words not just the facts and the dates that make a life,

but the essential truth of a person--their private joys

and sorrows;the quiet moments and unique qualities that

illuminate someone’s soul.How much harder to do so

for a giant of history,who moved a nation toward justice, and in the process moved billions around the world.Born during World War I,far from the corridors

of power,a boy raised herding cattle and tutored by the

elders of his Thembu tribe,Madiba would emerge as the

last great liberator of the20th century.Like Gandhi,

he would lead a resistance movement--a movement that

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at its start had little prospect for success.Like Dr.

King,he would give potent voice to the claims of the oppressed and the moral necessity of racial justice.He would endure a brutal imprisonment that

began in the time of Kennedy and Khrushchev,and reached

the final days of the Cold War.Emerging from prison,

without the force of arms,he would--like Abraham

Lincoln--hold his country together when it threatened

to break apart.And like America’s Founding Fathers,

he would erect a constitutional order to preserve freedom

for future generations--a commitment to democracy and

rule of law ratified not only by his election,but by his

willingness to step down from power after only one term.

Given the sweep of his life,the scope of his accomplishments,the adoration that he so rightly earned,

it’s tempting I think to remember Nelson Mandela as an

icon,smiling and serene,detached from the tawdry

affairs of lesser men.But Madiba himself strongly

resisted such a lifeless

portrait.(Applause.)Instead,Madiba insisted

on sharing with us his doubts and his fears;his miscalculations along with his victories.“I am not

a saint,”he said,“unless you think of a saint as a

sinner who keeps on trying.”词的增补与省略

汉语和英语在词法和句法结构存在极大的差别，所以要通顺正确地翻译出汉语原文的含义，逐词翻译是不可能的，译文必须有所增减。

一、增词

（一）根据句法结构需要增词

1．增补主语

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汉语无主语的句子很多，汉译英时要根据上下文的意思选择适当的代词或名词补做主语。增加什么主语取决于上下文。

例1

原文：又要马儿跑得快，又要马儿不吃草，简直可笑！

译文：Isn’t it ridiculous that you want a horse to run fast without eating grass(while you don’t graze it)?

例2

原文：没有调查就没有发言权。

译文：no investigation,no right to speak

例3

原文：重点是普及义务教育，积极发展职业教育和成人教育。适度发展高等教育，优化教育结构。

译文：emphases should be put(laid)on the popularization of compulsory edu,active developing of vocational education and adult edu moderate optimize

2．增补非人称的或强势句中的it

it可以指天气、时间，还常用来表示强调、代替不定式等。汉语中的许多表达方法，翻译成英语时需要增补it。

例4

原文：是我们采取有效措施的时候了。

译文：

例5

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原文：把钟拆开比把它装起来容易。

译文：

例6

原文：我们费了很大力气才解决了那些问题。

译文：

3．增补做宾语的代词或先行宾语it

汉语里只要从上下文能看清楚，宾语常常可以省略，但英语中凡是及物动词都得有宾语，因此要增补宾语。

例7

原文：交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有需要修改的地方。

译文：hand in

例8

原文：我们认为理论与实践相结合是十分重要的。

译文：

4．增补物主代词

汉语里的物主代词常常可以省略，但英语中凡是说到一个人的所有物时总要在前面加上物主代词。

例9

原文：他走进屋来，大衣上尽是雪，鼻子冻得通红。

译文：

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Red with cold

5．增补并列连词

汉语语言精练，并列连词用得很少，但译为英语时，需要增补。

例10

原文：最好把毛衣穿上，外面相当冷。

译文：

例11

原文：跑了和尚，跑不了庙。

译文：the monk may run away but can’t the temple

You can run but you can’t hide

6．增补从属连词或关系代词等

汉语在表达上，从属关系是蕴涵在句子里的，翻译成英语时必须明确表达出来，而关系代词是汉语中没有的英语表达方法。

例12

原文：“爹，你不为自己着想，也得为我想想……”

译文：dad,even if you won’t think of yourself

例13

原文：凡是在科学技术上有建树者，都是工作最勤奋，并且勇于创新的人。

译文：those who

Break a new ground

7．增补连系动词

汉语的形容词可以直接做谓语，但英语中却要使用系动词与形容词连用。

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例14

原文：昨天元旦，人人都很高兴。

译文：

8．增补介词

例15

原文：你经常想到帮助别人是很好的。

译文：

9．增补冠词

汉语中没有冠词，翻译成英语时往往需要增补必要的冠词

例16

原文：我们对问题要做全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。

译文：

（二）为了明确表达原文的含义而增词

1．增补在汉语中不言而喻的词语

例17

原文：谁都知道朝鲜战场是相当艰苦的。

译文：life on the Korean battle field is very hard

2．为了使上下文衔接，增补连接词语

例18

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原文：努力学习吧，努力学习三年五载，你就会精通英语了。

译文：after you studying for three to five years,you will be proficient in English

（三）为了适应英语句子的逻辑要求而增词

英语句子各部分逻辑关系比较严谨，在形式上主次分明，而汉语句子的结构比较自由，如把汉语直译成英语，不增加英语中必要的词，就会使句子意思不清楚。

例19

原文：其实地上本没有路，走的人多了，也便成了路。（鲁迅：《故乡》）

译文：

For actually there is no roads on the earth to begin with

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2015考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2015 Text 1 Paragraph 1 1、King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ?kings don`t abdicate, they die in their sleep.? But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. 西班牙国王胡安?卡洛斯曾说?国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中?。但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安?卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。 1.1 abdicate英/'?bd?ke?t/ 美/'?bd?ket/vt. 退位；放弃vi. 退位；放弃 1.2 scandal英/'sk?nd(?)l/ 美/'sk?ndl/n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤 2、So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? 如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？ 2.1 monarchy英 /'m?n?k?/ 美/'mɑn?ki/n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治 2.2 the writing is on the wall某事将失败的不祥预兆 2.3 royal英/'r???l/ 美/'r???l/n. 王室；王室成员adj. 皇家的；盛大的；女王的；高贵的；第一流的 2.4 magnificent英/m?g'n?f?s(?)nt/ 美/m?g'n?f?snt/adj. 高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的 2.5 majestic英 /m?'d?est?k/ 美/m?'d??st?k/adj. 庄严的；宏伟的 Paragraph 2 1、The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. 西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。 2、When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ?mere? politics and ?embody? a spirit of national unity.这时公众意见呈现出两极分化，弗 2.1 particularly英/p?'t?kj?l?l?/ 美/p?'t?kj?l?l?/adv. 特别地，独特地；详细地，具体地；明确地，细致地 2.2 polarise 英/’p??l?ra?z/ 美/’p?ul?raiz/vt. 极化（等于polarize）polarize英/'p?ul?raiz/ 美/'pol?'ra?z/vt. （使）极化；（使）偏振；（使）两极分化vi. 极化；偏振；两极分化 2.3 regime英 /re?'?i?m/ 美/re'?im/n. 政权，政体；社会制度；管理体制 2.4 monarch英 /'m?n?k/ 美/'mɑn?k/n. 君主，帝王；最高统治者 Paragraph 3 1、It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs` continuing popularity polarized. 正是这次明显的超越对君主作为国家元首继续流行做出了解释。 1.1 transcendence英/tr?n'send?ns/ 美/tr?n'send?ns/n. 超越；卓越；超然存在 2、And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). 正因如此，除中东外，欧洲是世界上君主制最盛行的地区，有10位国王（梵蒂冈和安道尔不算在内）。 2.1 infested adj. 为患的，大批滋生的（常与with搭配）v. 害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词)；遍布于 3、But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. 但是，与海湾地区和亚洲的专制国家不同，欧洲皇室能够留存下来，是因为他们让选民免于苦心孤诣地寻找一个没有争议且受尊崇的公众人物。 3.1 absolutist英/'?bs?lu:tist/ 美/'?bs?lu:tist/n. 绝对论者；专制主义者 Paragraph 4 1、Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. 即使如此，毋庸臵疑君主还是在衰落。 1.1 ownside英 /'da?nsa?d/ 美/'da?nsa?d/n. 负面，缺点；下降趋势；底侧adj. 底侧的 2、Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. 即使他们声称自己是国家统一的象征，但他们的历史和今日的行为方式都代表着他们享有的特权和他们身上体现出的不公平已经过时，且站不住脚。

2015考研英语翻译真题解析

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American. 49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. “To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brou ght almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores. 思路： 1.大致介绍文章主要内容 2. 逐段介绍每段的主要内容→分析句子结构→指出翻译时需要注意的点→试译→整理译文→总结翻译技巧和需掌握的单词

2015考研英语二翻译真题解析

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