To His Coy Mistress 分析及翻译

To His Coy Mistress

Andrew Marvell Had we but world enough, and time,

This coyness, lady, were no crime.

We would sit down and think which way

To walk, and pass our long love's day,

Thou by the Indian Ganges side

Shouldst rubies find; I by the tide

Of Humber would complain. I would

Love you ten years before the Flood,

And you should, if you please, refuse

Till the conversion of the Jews.

My vegetable love should grow

Vaster than empires, and more slow.

An hundred years should go to praise

Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze;

Two hundred to adore each breast,

But thirty thousand to the rest;

An age at least to every part,

And the last age should show your heart.

For, lady, you deserve this state,

Nor would I love at lower rate.

But at my back I always hear

Time's winged chariot hurrying near;

And yonder all before us lie

Deserts of vast eternity.

Thy beauty shall no more be found, Nor, in thy marble vault, shall sound

My echoing song; then worms shall try That long preserv'd virginity,

And your quaint honour turn to dust, And into ashes all my lust.

The grave's a fine and private place,

But none I think do there embrace.

Now therefore, while the youthful hue Sits on thy skin like morning dew,

And while thy willing soul transpires

At every pore with instant fires,

Now let us sport us while we may,

And now, like am'rous birds of prey, Rather at once our time devour,

Than languish in his slow-chapt pow'r. Let us roll all our strength, and all

Our sweetness, up into one ball,

And tear our pleasures with rough strife Thorough the iron gates of life:

Thus, though we cannot make our sun Stand still, yet we will make him run.

To His Coy Mistress

A Poem by Andrew Marvell (1621-1678)

Study Guide

Type of Work

......."To His Coy Mistress," acclaimed long after Marvell's death a masterly work, is a lyrical poem that scholars also classify as a metaphysical poem. Metaphysical poetry, pioneered by John Donne, tends to focus on the following:

Startling comparisons or contrasts of a metaphysical (spiritual, transcendent, abstract) quality to a concrete (physical, tangible, sensible) object. In "To His Coy Mistress," for example, Marvell compares love to a vegetable (line 11) in a waggish metaphor.

Mockery of idealized romantic poetry through crude or shocking imagery, as in lines 27 and 28 ("then worms shall try / That long preserved virginity').

Gross exaggeration (hyperbole), as in line 15 ("two hundred [years] to adore each breast].

Expression of personal, private feelings, such as those the young man expresses in "To His Coy Mistress." Presentation of a logical argument, or syllogism. In "To His Coy Mistress," this argument may be outlined as follows: (1) We could spend decades or even centuries in courtship if time stood still and we remained young. (2) But time passes swiftly and relentlessly. (3) Therefore, we must enjoy the pleasure of each other now, without further ado.The conclusion of the argument begins at Line 33 with "Now therefore."

The Title

.......The title suggests (1) that the author looked over the shoulder of a young man as he wrote a plea to a young lady and (2) that the author then reported the plea exactly as the young man expressed it. However, the author added the title, using the third-person possessive pronoun "his" to refer to the young man. The word "coy" tells the reader that the lady is no easy catch; the word "mistress" can mean lady, manager, caretaker, courtesan, sweetheart, and lover. It can also serve as the female equivalent of master. In "To His Coy Mistress," the word appears to be a synonym for lady or sweetheart. In reality, of course, Marvell wrote the entire poem.

The Persona (The Young Man)

.......Although Andrew Marvell writes "To His Coy Mistress" in first-person point of view, he presents the poem as the plea of another man (fictional, of course). The poet enters the mind of the man and reports his thoughts as they manifest themselves. The young man is impatient, desperately so, unwilling to tolerate temporizing on the part of the young lady. His motivation appears to be carnal desire rather than true love; passion rules him. Consequently, one may describe him as immature and selfish.

Theme and Summary

.......“To His Coy Mistress” presents a familiar theme in literature—carpe diem (meaning seize the day), a term

coined by the ancient Roman poet Quintus Horatius Flaccus, known as Horace (65-8 B.C.). Here is the gist of Andrew Marvell's poem: In response to a young man’s declarations of love for a young lady, the lady is playfully hesitant, artfully demure. But dallying will not do, he says, for youth passes swiftly. He and the lady must take advantage of the moment, he says, and “sport us while we may.” Oh, yes, if they had “world enough, and time” they would spend their days in idle pursuits, leisurely passing time while the young man heaps praises on the young lady. But they do not have the luxury of time, he says, for “time's wingéd chariot” is ever racing along. Before they know it, their youth will be gone; there will be only the grave. And so, the poet pleads his case: Seize the day.

Meter and Rhyme

The poem is in iambic tetrameter, with eight syllables (four feet) per line. Each foot consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. The last syllable of Line 1 rhymes with the last syllable of line 2, the last syllable of line 3 rhymes with the last syllable of line 4, the last syllable of line 5 rhymes with the last syllable of line 6, and so on. Such pairs of rhyming lines are called couplets. The following two lines, which open the poem, exhibit the meter and rhyme prevailing in most of the other couplets in the poem:

......1..................2...................3 (4)

Had WE..|..but WORLD..|..e NOUGH..|..and TIME

.......1.......... ..2........... ....3 (4)

This COY..|..ness LA..|..dy WERE..|..no CRIME

Setting

The poem does not present a scene in a specific place in which people interact. However, the young man and the young lady presumably live somewhere in England (the native land of the author), perhaps in northeastern England near the River Humber. The poet mentions the Humber in line 7.

Characters

Young Man: He pleads with a young lady to stop playing hard to get and accept his love.

Young Lady: A coquettish woman.

Notes

1.....coyness: Evasiveness, hesitancy, modesty, coquetry, reluctance; playing hard to get.

2.....which . . . walk: Example of enjambment (carrying the sense of one line of verse over to the next line without a pause).

3.....Ganges: River in Asia originating in the Himalayas and flowing southeast, through India, to the Bay of Bengal. The young man here suggests that the young lady could postpone her commitment to him if her youth lasted a long, long time. She could take real or imagined journeys abroad, even to India. She could also refuse to commit herself to him until all the Jews convert to Christianity. But since youth is fleeting (as the poem later points out), there is

no time for such journeys. She must submit herself to him now.

4.....rubies: Gems that may be rose red or purplish red. In folklore, it is said that rubies protect and maintain virginity. Ruby deposits occur in various parts of the world, but the most precious ones are found in Asia, including Myanmar (Burma), India, Thailand, Sri, Lanka, Afghanistan, and Russia.

5.....Humber: River in northeastern England. It flows through Hull, Andrew Marvell's hometown.

6.....Flood. . . Jews: Resorting to hyperbole, the young man says that his love for the young lady is unbounded by time. He would love her ten years before great flood that Noah outlasted in his ark (Gen. 5:28-10:32) and would still love her until all Jews became Christians at the end of the world.

vegetable love: love cultivated and nurtured like a vegetable so that it flourishes prolifically

8.....this state: This lofty position; this dignity.

9.....Time's wingèd chariot: In Greek mythology, the sun was personified as the god Apollo, who rode his golden chariot from east to west each day. Thus, Marvell here associates the sun god with the passage of time.

10...marble vault: The young lady's tomb.

11...worms: a morbid phallic reference.

12...quaint: Preserved carefully or skillfully.

13...dew: The 1681 manuscript of the poem uses glew (not dew), apparently as a coined past tense for glow.

14...transpires: Erupts, breaks out, emits, gives off.

15...slow-chapt: Chewing or eating slowly.

16...Thorough: Through.

Comments

Lines 5 and 6, Lines 23 and 24, Lines 27 and 28: The final stressed vowel sounds of these pairs of lines do not rhyme, as do the final stressed vowel sounds of all the other pairs of lines.

Three Sections of the Poem: Lines 1-20 discuss what would happen if the young man and young woman had unlimited time. Lines 21-32 point out that they do not have unlimited time. Lines 33-46 urge the young woman to seize the day and submit.

Andrew Marvell

.......Andrew Marvell was born in Winestead, South Yorkshire, England, on March 31, 1621. His father was a minister. The family moved to Hull, in the county of Humberside, when Andrew was three. There, he grew up and attended school. In 1639, a year after his mother died, Marvell received a bachelor's degree from Cambridge University's Trinity College. His father died in 1640. Between 1642 and 1646, Marvell traveled in continental Europe, visiting France, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and Italy. In 1651, he accepted a position at Nun Appleton, Yorkshire, as tutor to 12-year-old Mary Fairfax, the daughter Sir Thomas Fairfax, commander of the Parliamentary army in the 1640's during the English Civil Wars. Marvell remained in that position until 1652. .......While at Nun Appleton, he wrote several of his most acclaimed poems, including "To His Coy Mistress" and "The Garden." Between 1653 and 1657, he served as a tutor to a ward of Oliver Cromwell, the lord protector of

England, Ireland, and Scotland during the Commonwealth period (1653-1658). Marvell had praised Cromwell in a 1650 poem, "An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland." In 1657, Marvell served under the great scholar and poet John Milton in the foreign office and in 1659 was elected to Parliament to represent Hull. Marvell was best known during his lifetime for his political achievements and his political satires in prose and verse. His best poetry was published in Miscellaneous Poems 1681 from a manuscript his housekeeper found while going through his belongings shortly after his death in 1678. In the 20th Century, critics began to acknowledge him as an outstanding poet of his time and to acclaim "To His Coy Mistress" as a truly great poem. T.S. Eliot presents several allusions to the poem in "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock."

致羞怯的情人

如果我们的世界够大，时间够多，

小姐，这样的羞怯就算不上罪过。

我们会坐下来，想想该上哪边

去散步，度过我们漫漫的爱情天。

你会在印度的恒河河畔

寻得红宝石：我则咕哝抱怨，

傍着洪泊湾的潮汐。我会在

诺亚洪水前十年就将你爱，

你如果高兴，可以一直说不要，

直到犹太人改信别的宗教。

我植物般的爱情会不断生长，

比帝国还要辽阔，还要缓慢；

我会用一百年的时间赞美

你的眼睛，凝视你的额眉；

花两百年爱慕你的每个乳房，

三万年才赞赏完其它的地方；

每个部位至少花上一个世代，

在最后一世代才把你的心秀出来。

因为，小姐，你值得这样的礼遇，

我也不愿用更低的格调爱你。

可是在我背后我总听见

时间带翼的马车急急追赶；

而横陈在我们眼前的

却是无垠永恒的荒漠。

你的美绝不会再现芳踪，

你大理石墓穴里，我的歌声

也不会回荡：那时蛆虫将品尝

你那珍藏已久的贞操，

你的矜持会化成灰尘，

我的情欲会变成灰烬：

坟墓是个隐密的好地方，

但没人会在那里拥抱，我想。

因此，现在趁青春色泽

还像朝露在你的肌肤停坐，

趁你的灵魂自每个毛孔欣然

散发出实时的火焰，

此刻让我们能玩就玩个尽兴；

此刻，像发情的猛禽

宁可一口把我们的时光吞掉

也不要在慢嚼的嘴里虚耗。

让我们把所有力气，所有

甜蜜，滚成一个圆球，

粗鲁狂猛地夺取我们的快感

冲破一扇扇人生的铁栅栏：

这样，我们虽无法叫太阳

驻足，却可使他奔跑向前。

Andrew Marvell(1621-78,安德鲁?马维尔)是所谓玄学派(Metaphysical School)诗人之一。这派诗人有独特的文风,完全不同于此前流行的抒情诗(Lyric)优美流畅的诗句,其诗中常有各种辩论,而且喜好用奇特的比喻(conceit,玄学奇喻)和概念。

标题To His Coy Mistress 是作戏剧独白(dramatic monologue)解，且其戏剧性对理解全诗有着重要意义。作者、虚拟作者（即记录本诗者）和虚拟主人公“我”之间的关系既是重叠的(overlapping)，也是分明的(distinct)，这种错综复杂的关系埋藏在文本的背后，需要去发掘。coy 显然不是什么好词，是一个coded word, 暗示这位女友故做娇羞，play it coy, play it hard-to-get.

该诗从求爱战术(courting strategy)的角度，罗列了Illusion(迷魂汤)、Disillusion(浇凉水) 、新迷魂汤(new

illusion) ，

“给含羞的恋人”一诗修辞上特点,可以总结为“夸张”和“矛盾”。

夸张:

第一节对爱情的铺张,从时间上和空间上夸张到极致,效果自然不在营造浪漫气氛,而是对抒情或感伤的parody。

第二节对死后世界无奈的渲染,恰恰是对第一节的coyness和love的否定,第一节的irony。

矛盾:

第一节精神上的永远(抒情的、浪漫的)跟第二节肉体的稍纵即逝(现实的、理智的)。

第三节的情欲追求lust和第一节的精神恋爱love的矛盾。

马伏尔的高明在于，对女友的劝诱带着对宇宙和人生的哲思，意象极其深广。地理跨度(Topografical sweep) 从遥远的印度恒河到他家乡的humber 河，时间跨度(temporal sweep)从史前的洪水(the flood) 到启示录的末日(conversion of the Jews)。他用拉伯雷式的夸张的数字极言对女友身体每一部分的的倾慕，语气近于谐谑，但正是这些夸张的数字和排比营造了奔腾的气势。

行文到此，马伏尔忽然话锋一转，对前文的设想(Had we but world enough, and time)做了否定。前辈已指出，《致娇羞女友》一诗三节其实是个三段论：1）如果A，那么B。2）不是A，那么不是B。3）所以，C。环环相扣的逻辑增强了说服力。

第二节的开始是马伏尔那句著名的

But at my back I always hear

Times winged chariot hurrying near:

一句道破一个真理。时间原来是一个无情的敌人，坐着战车气势汹汹地飞驰而来。比之“逝者如斯夫”的中庸的感叹，马伏尔的战争的比喻(military metaphor)更有紧迫性和挑衅性，更令人惶涑不安。

马伏尔对美人身后种种凄凉的津津有味的描绘，目的在于打动女友去珍惜现世的时光。

第三节行文极其有力，birds of prey, devour, ball, rough strife, iron gates 的比喻都很凶猛，有与时间展开大战的气势，很好的回应了第一二节提出的问题。

整首诗以三段式的说理架构，企图说服爱人相爱要趁早，勿再羞怯矜持

上市公司盈利能力分析外文文献

The path-to-profitability of Internet IPO firms ☆ Bharat A.Jain a,1,Narayanan Jayaraman b,2,Omesh Kini c,? a College of Business and Economics,Towson University,Towson,MD 21044,United States b College of Management,Georgia Institute of Technology,Atlanta,GA 30332,United States c Robinson College of Business,Georgia State University,Atlanta,GA 30303,Unite d States Received 1October 2006;received in revised form 1December 2006;accepted 1February 2007 Abstract Extant empirical evidence indicates that the proportion of firms going public prior to achieving profitability has been increasing over time.This phenomenon is largely driven by an increase in the proportion of technology firms going public.Since there is considerable uncertainty regarding the long-term economic viability of these firms at the time of going public,identifying factors that influence their ability to attain key post-IPO milestones such as achieving profitability represents an important area of research. We employ a theoretical framework built around agency and signaling considerations to identify factors that influence the probability and timing of post-IPO profitability of Internet IPO firms.We estimate Cox Proportional Hazards models to test whether factors identified by our theoretical framework significantly impact the probability of post-IPO profitability as a function of time.We find that the probability of post- IPO profitability increases with pre-IPO investor demand and change in ownership at the IPO of the top officers and directors.On the other hand,the probability of post-IPO profitability decreases with the venture capital participation,proportion of outsiders on the board,and pre-market valuation uncertainty. ?2007Published by Elsevier Inc. Keywords:Initial public offerings;Internet firms;Path-to-profitability;Hazard models; Survival Journal of Business Venturing xx (2007)xxx –xxx MODEL 1A JBV-05413;No of Pages 30☆ We would like to thank Kalpana Narayanan,Raghavendra Rau,Sankaran Venkataraman (Editor),Phil Phan (Associate Editor),two anonymous referees,and participants at the 2002Financial Management Association Meetings in San Antonio for helpful comments.We thank Paul Gilson and Sandy Lai for excellent research assistance.The usual disclaimer applies.?Corresponding author.Tel.:+14046512656;fax:+14046522630. E-mail addresses:bjain@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8e4868859.html, (B.A.Jain),narayanan.jayaraman@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8e4868859.html, (N.Jayaraman), okini@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8e4868859.html, (O.Kini). 1Tel.:+14107043542;fax:+14107043454. 2Tel.:+14048944389;fax:+14048946030. 0883-9026/$-see front matter ?2007Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2007.02.004 ARTICLE IN PRESS Please cite this article as:Jain,B.A.et al.The path-to-profitability of Internet IPO firms.Journal of Business Venturing (2007),doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2007.02.004

汽车专业毕业设计外文翻译

On the vehicle sideslip angle estimation through neural networks: Numerical and experimental results. S. Melzi,E. Sabbioni Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 25 (2011)：14~28 电脑估计车辆侧滑角的数值和实验结果 S.梅尔兹,E.赛博毕宁 机械系统和信号处理2011年第25期：14~28

摘要 将稳定控制系统应用于差动制动内/外轮胎是现在对客车车辆的标准（电子稳定系统ESP、直接偏航力矩控制DYC）。这些系统假设将两个偏航率(通常是衡量板)和侧滑角作为控制变量。不幸的是后者的具体数值只有通过非常昂贵却不适合用于普通车辆的设备才可以实现直接被测量,因此只能估计其数值。几个州的观察家最终将适应参数的参考车辆模型作为开发的目的。然而侧滑角的估计还是一个悬而未决的问题。为了避免有关参考模型参数识别/适应的问题,本文提出了分层神经网络方法估算侧滑角。横向加速度、偏航角速率、速度和引导角,都可以作为普通传感器的输入值。人脑中的神经网络的设计和定义的策略构成训练集通过数值模拟与七分布式光纤传感器的车辆模型都已经获得了。在各种路面上神经网络性能和稳定已经通过处理实验数据获得和相应的车辆和提到几个处理演习(一步引导、电源、双车道变化等)得以证实。结果通常显示估计和测量的侧滑角之间有良好的一致性。 1 介绍 稳定控制系统可以防止车辆的旋转和漂移。实际上，在轮胎和道路之间的物理极限的附着力下驾驶汽车是一个极其困难的任务。通常大部分司机不能处理这种情况和失去控制的车辆。最近,为了提高车辆安全，稳定控制系统(ESP[1,2]; DYC[3,4])介绍了通过将差动制动/驱动扭矩应用到内/外轮胎来试图控制偏航力矩的方法。 横摆力矩控制系统（DYC）是基于偏航角速率反馈进行控制的。在这种情况下,控制系统使车辆处于由司机转向输入和车辆速度控制的期望的偏航率[3,4]。然而为了确保稳定，防止特别是在低摩擦路面上的车辆侧滑角变得太大是必要的[1,2]。事实上由于非线性回旋力和轮胎滑移角之间的关系，转向角的变化几乎不改变偏航力矩。因此两个偏航率和侧滑角的实现需要一个有效的稳定控制系统[1,2]。不幸的是,能直接测量的侧滑角只能用特殊设备(光学传感器或GPS惯性传感器的组合)，现在这种设备非常昂贵,不适合在普通汽车上实现。因此, 必须在实时测量的基础上进行侧滑角估计，具体是测量横向/纵向加速度、角速度、引导角度和车轮角速度来估计车辆速度。 在主要是基于状态观测器/卡尔曼滤波器(5、6)的文学资料里, 提出了几个侧滑角估计策略。因为国家观察员都基于一个参考车辆模型,他们只有准确已知模型参数的情况下，才可以提供一个令人满意的估计。根据这种观点,轮胎特性尤其关键取决于附着条件、温度、磨损等特点。 轮胎转弯刚度的提出就是为了克服这些困难,适应观察员能够提供一个同步估计的侧滑角和附着条件[7,8]。这种方法的弊端是一个更复杂的布局的估计量导致需要很高的计算工作量。 另一种方法可由代表神经网络由于其承受能力模型非线性系统，这样不需要一个参

新高考英语时文阅读高三专版(含答案解析及全文翻译)

新高考英语时文阅读高三专版（含答案解析及全文翻译） A The life of FM-2030, a transhumanist (超人文主义者) who believed humans will be able to end natural death in the future using technology, is explored in a new documentary. The film, titled‘2030’, was released late last month and is available across multiple streaming platforms. It was made by British filmmaker Johnny Boston who interviewed a range of FM-2030’s acquaintances and scientific experts. Transhumanists believe humans can and should use emerging future technology to greatly enhance their natural abilities. These technologies could include robotics, AI, gene therapy preventing the ageing process. This could radically change what it means to be a member of our species. FM-2030 was born in Brussels in 1930 named Fereidoun M. Esfandiary. The son of an Iranian diplomat, he later changed his legal name to mark his belief that by 2030 we will be ageless and everyone will have an excellent chance to live forever. FM-2030 wrote a number of books around life extension and transhumanist topics, and is widely regarded as one of the founding fathers of the modern transhumanist movement. After his death in 2000, FM-2030’s body was placed in cryonic suspension in Arizona. Mr Boston commented: “I met FM-2030 and that was his legal name when I was about 11 or 12 years old. He’d come to London with his partner at the time and they stayed with us. This was in the early 80s when he had these really off the wall ideas that we were going to live on indefinitely and that there was going to be a much more progressive politics. He talked about we were going to communicate brain to brain. There was going to be a machine that you could put in various characteristics and it was going to print stuff.” Mr Boston went on to produce a number of videos outlining FM-2030’s ideas. He did a series of films called the future of democracy that came out of talks that FM had done. He said,“FM really talks about what the future holds in terms of how we govern ourselves. He thinks we’ve got to useAI.” 1. What will happen in the future according to transhumanists? A. Humans will die in a natural state. B. Humans’life span will remain limited. C. Humans will not need language any longer. D. Humans’abilities will be largely improved by technologies. 2. Why did Fereidoun M. Esfandiary change his name to FM-2030? A. Because his father forced him to do so. B. Because he didn’t like his former name at all. C. Because he wanted to flag his transhumanist faith. D. Because he thought human would end natural death in 2030. 3. What does the underlined phrase “off the wall”in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Dull. B.Ambiguous. C. Ridiculous. D. Upset. 4. Which can be the best title for the passage? A. The Uncertain Future. B. The Film Called 2030. C. The Ideas of Transhumanists.

目的论指导下的软新闻翻译案例解析

目的论指导下的软新闻翻译案例解析 【摘要】本文介绍了软新闻的特点，并结合德国功能派翻译目的论对软新闻汉译英翻译实例进行了具体分析，总结出在基本忠实原文的基础上，软新闻的翻译可以通过增加、删减和改动等编译手段使其更好地实现交际功能。 【关键词】软新闻；目的论 1.目的论简介 德国功能派翻译理论兴起于20世纪70年代，认为翻译是一项有目的的交际活动，该理论为翻译理论研究提供了新的视角。代表人物有莱斯（K.Reiss）、费米尔（H.JVermeer）、和诺德（Christiane Nord），他们的研究使该理论不断地发展完善，从最初的将文本功能列为翻译批评的一个标准，逐渐发展并创立了功能目的论，注意到了影响翻译过程的发起者、译者和译文的接受者。在功能派目的论的指导下，评价译文的标准不再是“对等”，而是“合适”，即译文是否符合翻译的要求，亦即译文多大程度上能完成其在译语情境和文化中的交际功能。这种翻译标准是对传统标准的重大突破和补充，为新闻文体翻译中经常使用“改译”——增加、删减和改动等形式提供了理论依据，使译者的主体性得以发挥，可选择有利于实现翻译要求和目的的内容，并采取相应有效的表达方式来生成译文文本。 2.案例解析 人间六月天伦敦太极鲜——伦敦中医孔子学院太极月活动发力六月的伦敦细雨缠绵，但却没能阻挡太极活动的如火如荼。继五月太极月活动取得的卓越成效，伦敦中医孔子学院六月在肯辛顿公园再次发力，为热爱太极拳的朋友继续提供有效的学习平台，同时也打造了一个弘扬中医精髓及哲学国粹的交流平台。六月太极月吸引了更多外国朋友的参与，为了满足不同程度的需求，此次活动分为两个层面：外在练形与内在练神，重在文化内涵的推广。太极拳近百年来之所以在国内外逐渐得到推广，原因之一是它具有防病治病、修身养性的功用，这一点已经得到了外国朋友的一致认可，但是对其为何能成为“国粹”的文化内涵却所知甚少。 Tai Chi Blooming in London June——CITCM Boost Tai Chi Month Activity Drizzling June witnesses Tai Chi’s vigorous growth in Lon-don as Confucius Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for London South Bank University（CITCM）continues Tai Chi Month Activity in Kensington Gardens.It provides an effective study platform for Tai Chi fans following Tai Chi May，and it creates a communication platform for promoting traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese philosophy as well.As Tai Chi June attracted more foreign friends，this activity focused on two aspects in order to meet different demands——body practice and mind meditation——and promote Chinese traditional philosophy.Tai Chi fist has been very popular in China and some foreign countries for nearly hundred years，because it

客户盈利能力分析中英文对照外文翻译文献

客户盈利能力分析中英文对照外文翻译文献 客户盈利能力分析中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

客户盈利能力分析的实施：案例研究 摘要：通过使用客户盈利能力分析（CPA），企业可以决定客户群和/或个人客户的利润贡献。本文介绍了CPA的实施办法。执行过程中使用的是公司产的案例研究和销售的专业清洁产品说明。这个案例研究突出了工业环境与CPA的具体问题，并把结果提供了实施定期CPA过程中可能带来的好处的例子。 关键词：客户盈利;客户关系管理（CRM）;实施;案例分析。 1.介绍： 在任何给定的客户群，将有客户产生的公司，并在公司有承担，以确保这些收入成本收入差异。虽然大多数公司将了解客户的收入，很多企业并不知道与客户关系有关的所有费用。在一般情况下，产品成本将被称为为每一个客户，但销售和市场营销，服务和支持成本大多视为开销。客户盈利能力分析（CPA）是指收入和成本分配到细分客户或个人客户，这样，这些段和/或单个客户的盈利能力可以计算出来。 CPA日益关注的动力是双重的。首先，不同产品作业成本法在上世纪90年代兴起（ABC）导致了不同程度的提高认识到制造业使用公司的资源。当使用ABC，公司首先确定成本库：组织内进行的活动类别。其次，信息技术使得有可能记录和分析更多的客户的数据在类型和量中。随着数据如订单数量，销售访问次数，服务电话号码等存储在各个客户的水平，有可能去实际计算客户盈利。它被认为是良好的行业营销实践建立和培养与客户的利益关系。为了能够做到这一点，企业应该懂得目前的客户关系不同的盈利能力，以及什么客户群提供更高的潜力，未来盈利的客户关系。 2.CPA的潜在效益 CPA的直接好处在于它提供了在成本和收入超过客户分布不均的情况。在成本中的客户传播的信息将是特别有价值的，因为收入分配一般是已知的公司。这种认识在何种程度上特定客户消费公司的资源产生了公司在三个领域的新机遇：成本管理，收入管理和战略营销管理。 首先，CPA揭示了有针对性的成本管理和利润改善计划的机会。公布的数据显示例子，其中20％的客户创造利润225％，其中一半以上的客户是盈利或者对客户的损失可能会高达2.5倍的销售收入。CPA，作为ABC的一个具体应用，揭示活动和资源消耗之间的联

外文翻译---汽车车身总布置的方法

附录 Modern car’s design always stresses people-oriented, so safety, comfort, Environmental protection and energy saving have been the design theme And target in car design. Ergonomics layout design is not only relate to the effective use of internal space and improve car’s comfort and safety Performance, but it will also impact internal and external modeling results, and further affects the vehicle's overall performance and marketability.Soergonomics’application and research during car design and development process occupy an important position.After more than 50 years of construction and development, China’s Automobile industry has become the leading power of automobile production and consumption in the world. In particular, with the rise and rapid de velopment of independent brand’s vehicles, we pay more attention To the development processes and the technical requirements of hard Points’ layout. Through the three typical processes such as modern vehicle developing Process, body development process and using ergonomic to progress Inner auto-body layout, describe ergonomic layoationship between design, Aunt design in which stage of the process of vehicle development, the red The importance of working steps. The automobile body total arrangement is the automobile design most initial is also the most essential step, is other design stage premise and the foundation, to a great extent is deciding the body design success or failure. Picks generally in the actual design process With by forward and reverse two design method (1) to design (from inside to outside law) to design method namely "humanist", is coming based on the human body arrangement tool to define the pilot and the crew member gradually rides the space and the vehicle comes to pay tribute each article the arrangement, take satisfies the human body to ride with the driving comfortableness as the premise, said simply is determined first satisfies the human body to ride under the comfortable premise, carries on the indoor arrangement first, then carries on the complete bikes external styling design again. The concrete method and the step are as follows: ①Determine 5% and 95% manikin H position and the chair by the SAE recommendation's enjoyable line or the region law adjustment traveling schedule, seat

新高考赢在阅读高二英语时文阅读专版(含原文翻译及答案解析)

新高考赢在阅读高二英语时文阅读专版（含原文翻译及答案解析） A Josh Gad's Olaf showed insanely hot skills singing "Unmeltable Me" for "Frozen II". But the hilarious (欢闹的) tune never made it into the animated hit: It was cut from the movie after his vocals were recorded and storyboards had been drawn up. The missing: “Unmeltable Me”is revealed now at https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8e4868859.html,, ahead of the home release of “Frozen II”, which features the deleted scene as an extra. The ditty was the first song written for the sequel. The new song features Gad's Olaf singing style, playing harpsichord (羽管键琴) accompaniment. The instrument was requested by directors for comedic reasons. The harpsichord arrangement made it funny and different. The filmmakers originally wanted “Unmeltable Me”to explain an important story point –why Olaf no longer needed the magical “flurry”cloud Elsa had created at the end of "Frozen" to keep the snowman from melting in warm weather. Creating the flurry effect was so difficult for the animators that the directors decided Elsa would have perfected a permafrost coating for Olaf by the second movie. The scene features Olaf doing just about everything to show off his new permafrost coating, from sticking a lit candle into his head to placing his head in a Sterno-heated buffet tray. Olaf's audience in the scene is a group of dignitaries who have traveled to Arendelle from around the world to meet the powerful Elsa at a state dinner. Elsa and Anna are held up, so Olaf fills time entertaining the assembled guests with the song. Sadly, “Unmeltable Me”was cut before it could be fully animated. Gad’s Olaf still received his big song in “Frozen 2”singing “When IAm Older”happily.“Unmeltable Me' is definitely fun, but that’s show business,”says Lopez, who especially loves how Olaf ends the song on an unusual high note. 1. What can we learn from the song “Unmeltable Me”in the first paragraph? A. The song “Unmeltable Me”was sung by Elsa. B. The song can make this movie into a animated hit. C. The song was created for the movie. D. The song was recorded in the movie at last. 2. What does the underlined word “revealed”in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Show. B. Hide. C. Create. D. Delete. 3. What is the purpose of using permafrost coating? A. To entertain the audience. B. To prevent Olaf from melting. C. To make the movie funny. D. To explain show business. 4. What can we know from the passage? A. This movie is directed by Josh Gad. B. Olaf likes his new permafrost coating. C. Josh Gad’s attitude is passive because his song was cut from the movie. D. The scene of the song is not mentioned in the article. B Google’s Search Engine Can Recommend Your Favorite Shows and Movies

杜陵叟 翻译、解析

杜陵叟 唐代：白居易 杜陵叟，杜陵居，岁种薄田一顷余。 三月无雨旱风起，麦苗不秀多黄死。 九月降霜秋早寒，禾穗未熟皆青乾。 长吏明知不申破，急敛暴征求考课。 典桑卖地纳官租，明年衣食将何如？ 剥我身上帛，夺我口中粟。 虐人害物即豺狼，何必钩爪锯牙食人肉？ 不知何人奏皇帝，帝心恻隐知人弊。 白麻纸上书德音，京畿尽放今年税。 昨日里胥方到门，手持敕牒榜乡村。 十家租税九家毕，虚受吾君蠲免恩。 译文 杜陵老头居住在杜陵，每年种了贫瘠的田地一顷多。 三月份没有雨刮着旱风，麦苗不开花不多枯黄死。 九月份降霜秋天寒冷早，禾穗没熟都已经干枯。 官吏明明知道但不报告真相，急迫收租、凶暴征税以求通过考核得奖赏。典当桑园、出卖田地来缴纳官府规定的租税，明年的衣食将怎么办？ 剥去我们身上的衣服，夺掉我们口中的粮食。 虐害人伤害物的就是豺狼，何必爪牙象钩、牙齿象锯一样地吃人肉！ 不知什么人报告了皇帝，皇帝心中怜悯、了解人们的困苦。 白麻纸上书写着施恩布德的诏令，京城附近全部免除今年的租税。 昨天里长才到门口来，手里拿着公文张贴在乡村中。 十家缴纳的租税九家已送完，白白地受了我们君王免除租税的恩惠。 注释 叟：年老的男人。 薄田：贫瘠的田地。 考课：古代指考查政绩。 帛：丝织品。 粟：小米，也泛指谷类。 恻隐：见人遭遇不幸而心有所不忍。即同情。 弊：衰落；疲惫。 京畿（jī）：国都及其行政官署所辖地区。

里胥：古代指地方上的一里之长，负责管理事务。 方：才，刚刚。 牒（dié）：文书。 蠲（juān）：除去，免除。 创作背景 从808年的冬天到第二年的春天，江南广大地区和长安周边地区，遭受了严重的旱灾。白居易是上书请求朝廷救民于水深火热之中。宪宗皇帝，他不但批准了白居易的奏请，还下了一道“罪己诏”。没想到诏书竟成了一纸空文。白居易在悲愤写下了《轻肥》和《杜陵叟》两首诗。 赏析 “杜陵叟，杜陵居，岁种薄田一顷余。”杜陵，地名，即汉宣帝陵，在今陕西省西安市东南的少陵原上。白居易这首新乐府诗的主角是一位家住在长安市郊的土生土长的农民，他世世代代以种地为业，守着一顷多的薄田，过着衣食不继的日子。中国文人的诗歌中，少不了风花雪月，也有的是闲情雅致，但是有意识地不但以农民作为作品的主人公，而且真正站在劳苦大众的立场上，为他们鸣冤叫屈、打抱不平的作品，还是不多见的。在这一点上，白居易可以说是做得非常突出的一位了。他所以能够在诗歌中大声疾呼地为民请命，并不是想在题材上猎奇出新，而是源于他对朝廷政治前景和国计民生的高度责任感和使命感。作者一再把视角投向生活在最底层的群众，他们的生活过得十分悲惨，而且向来是无人过问的。这位不知姓甚名谁的杜陵叟处在水深火热的困境中而不能自拔。 “三月无雨旱风起，麦苗不秀多黄死。九月降霜秋早寒，禾穗未熟皆青乾。”三月无雨，并不是指的农历三月整整一个月不下雨，而是说从808年冬天到第二年春天连续三个月没有下雪和下雨。据史料记载，这一年直到闰三月才下了一场像样的雨，为此，白居易还专门写了一首《贺雨》诗表达他当时喜悦的心情。在靠天吃饭的日子里，长安市郊的“杜陵叟”去年秋天辛辛苦苦播下的冬小麦，从下种到返青就没有一滴雨水的滋润，结果还没有到秀穗的时候大多已经干黄枯死了。夏粮既然没有收成，只有指望秋粮了，可是农民们万万没有想到，秋天九月一场早来的霜降，却使得“杜陵叟”可怜的愿望又一次成为了泡影，地里的秋庄稼还没有成熟就都被冻死而干枯了。两季粮食几乎颗粒无收，这就是白居易在序中所交待的“农夫之困”，也是“天灾之困”。 “长吏明知不申破，急敛暴征求考课。”长吏，泛指上级长官，这里是指的杜陵所在地的地方官。考课，指古代考查官员政绩的好坏，以此作为升降的标准。原来这位地方官大人明知手下的“农夫”受了天灾，却不向上方报告灾情，而是愈发加紧横征暴敛，强行收取租税。

外文文献翻译：汽车的发展

The development of automobile As the world energy crisis and the war and the energy consumption of oil -- and are full of energy in one day someday it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not inresources. So in oil consumption must be clean before finding a replacement. With the development of science and technology the progress of the society people invented the electric car. Electric cars will become the most ideal of transportation. In the development of world each aspect is fruitful especially with the automobile electronic technology and computer and rapid development of the information age. The electronic control technology in the car on a wide range of applications the application of the electronic device cars and electronic technology not only to improve and enhance the quality and the traditional automobile electrical performance but also improve the automobile fuel economy performance reliability and emission spurification. Widely used in automobile electronic products not only reduces the cost and reduce the complexity of the maintenance. From the fuel injection engine ignition devices air control and emission control and fault diagnosis to the body auxiliary devices are generally used in electronic control technology auto development mainly electromechanical integration. Widely used in automotive electronic control ignition system mainly electronic control fuel injection system electronic control ignition system electronic control automatic transmission electronic control ABS/ASR control system electronic control suspension system electronic control power steering system vehicle dynamic control system the airbag systems active belt system electronic control system and the automatic air-conditioning and GPS navigation system etc. With the system response the use function of quick car high reliability guarantees of engine power and reduce fuel consumption and emission regulations meet standards. The car is essential to modern traffic tools. And electric cars bring us infinite joy will give us the physical and mental relaxation. Take for example automatic transmission in road can not on the clutch can achieve automatic shift and engine flameout not so effective improve the driving convenience lighten the fatigue strength. Automatic transmission consists mainly of hydraulic torque converter gear transmission pump hydraulic control system electronic control system and oil cooling system etc. The electronic control of suspension is mainly used to cushion the impact of the body and the road to reduce vibration that car getting smooth-going and stability. When the vehicle in the car when the road uneven road can according to automatically adjust the height. When the car ratio of height low set to gas or oil cylinder filling or oil. If is opposite gas or diarrhea. To ensure and improve the level of driving cars driving stability. Variable force power steering system can significantly change the driver for the work efficiency and the state so widely used in electric cars. VDC to vehicle performance has important function it can according to the need of active braking to change the wheels of the car car motions of state and optimum control performance and increased automobile adhesion controlling and stability. Besides these appear beyond 4WS 4WD electric cars can greatly improve the performance of the value and ascending simultaneously. ABS braking distance is reduced and can keep turning skills effectively improve the stability of the directions simultaneously reduce tyre wear. The airbag appear in large programs protected the driver and passengers safety and greatly reduce automobile in collision of drivers and passengers in the buffer to protect the safety of life. Intelligent electronic technology in the bus to promote safe driving and that the other functions. The realization of automatic driving through various sensors. Except some smart cars equipped with multiple outside sensors can fully perception of information and traffic facilities