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材力试卷2

材力试卷2
材力试卷2

材料力学试卷二

一、填空题 (每空2分共20分)

1、在图示的纯剪切单元体中,认为长度保持不变的线段是 ,长度伸长 的线段是 ,缩短的线段是 。

2、图示两杆材料和长度都相同,但A

1>A 2 。若两杆温

度都下降△t ℃,则两杆轴力之间的关系是

N 1 N 2,应力之间的关系是1σ 2σ。

(填入< 、 = 、 > )

3、T 字形截面铸铁梁的许用拉应力[]MPa L 50=σ,许用压应力[]MPa Y 200=σ。

则截面尺寸y 1 / y 2的合理比值为 。(z 为中性轴)

4、用积分法求图示梁挠曲线方程时,需应用的边界条件

是 ,连续条件是 。

5、图示三种结构的总长度相等,所有压杆截面形状和尺寸以及材料均相同,且均为细长压杆。已知图(a )压杆的临界力P cr = 20KN, 则图(b )结构的临

界力为 ;图(c )结构的临界力为 。

二、选择题 (每题 4 分 共 20 分) 1、受轴向拉、压的等直杆,若其总伸长为零,则有( )。

A. 杆内各处的应变必为零;

B. 杆内各点的位移必为零;

C. 杆内各点的正应力必为零;

D. 杆的轴力图面积代数和必为零。

2、已知梁的EI 为常数,欲使梁的挠曲线在x =L/3处出现一拐点,则比值 m 1/m 2为( )。 A. 2 ; B. 3 ; C. 1/2 ; D. 1/3 。

3、图示等直杆分别在自由状态和刚性模中承受轴向压力,则( )。

A. a 点的应力状态相同;

B. a 点的轴向压应力相同;

C. a 点的轴向线应变相同;

D. a 点的比能相等。

4、图示小曲率杆的变形能为 U , 用卡氏定理求点B 的位移,其表达式为( )。

A. P U B ??=?;

B.

y x P U P U B ????+=?; C. ()()22y x P U P U B ????+=?。

5、图示两悬臂梁用弹性杆连接,其变形协调条件为( )。

A. L y y

C B ?=+;

B.

C B y L y =?+; C.

C B y L y =?-;

D. C B y y =。

三、计算题 (每题15分共60分)

1、图示传动轴,B 轮皮带拉力沿铅垂方向,C 轮皮带拉力沿水平方向。两轮直径均为D = 600mm 。轴材料的 []

σ=80MPa 。试按第三强度理论确定轴径d 。

2、受力体某点两平面上的应力如图,求其主应力的大小及主平面的位置,并在图中标出主平面的位置。

3、画梁的Q 、M 图;并求出max Q 和max M 。

4、右端带有刚性臂AB 的简支梁BC, 在跨度中点承受集中载荷P ,刚性臂A 端与一弹簧连接。设弹簧刚度为 k ,梁的抗弯刚度为EI ,试求弹簧受的力。

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