理据分析motivation

Morphological motivation

Morphological motivation tries to establish the connection of meaning of the word to its form from morphological point of view. Sometimes, we can work out the meaning of a word if we know the meaning of the morphemes that constitute that word.

1. Definition

We say the word is morphologically motivated, for a direct connection can be observed between the morphemic structure of the word and its meaning. This is called morphological motivation. Morphological motivation can be divided into five parts: compound, derivation, abbreviation, analogy and loan words.

2. Compounds and derived words

Compounds and derived words are multi-morphemic words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined. Quite often, if one knows the meaning of each morpheme, namely affix or base, one can figure out the meaning of the word. For instance, airmail means to 'mail by air', reading-lamp is the 'lamp for reading', miniskirt is a 'small skirt' and hopeless means 'without hope'. More example: good-looking, spaceman, moonscape, daydream

It should be pointed out that there are a lot of words whose structures are opaque, i.e. their meanings are not the combinations of the separate parts. Black market, for example, is by no means the 'market black in colour' but it refers to 'illegal selling and buying'. Likewise, greenhorn is not the horn green in colour, but 'newcomer'. But blackmail and greenhand are not motivated:

3.Analogy

Analogy is a process whereby words are created in imitation of other words. It is illustrated by telethon(马拉松式电视广播节目)and talkthon(马拉松式谈话或座谈节目), created on the model of marathon; chairwoman, chairperson, and chairone coined after chairman. Analogy can be divided into five parts: Colour analogy, Number analogy, Space analogy, Similarity analogy, Contrast analogy.

Colour analogy: Colour Analogy is a process whereby words are created in imitation of colour words. Eg: blue-collar or white-collar workers（蓝领或白领工人）coined after gray-collar workers（灰领工人，指服务性行业的职工）; black list(黑

名单) after white list(白名单，指准予上演的短剧等的名单)and grey list（灰名单，指非明文查禁但仍属不合法的人或物）.

Number analogy: Number Analogy is a process whereby words are created in imitation of Number words and modifiers. Eg: the three P’s(peace, petroleum, Palestine三词的缩略，指由中东局势所引起的三大问题) and the three I’s(inflation，interest rate，impeachment三词的缩略，指通货膨胀、利率和弹劾) coined after the three R’s(reading, writing, arithmetic指读、写、算三种基本能力)。

Space analogy: Space Analogy is a process whereby words are created in imitation of Space words. eg: earthman coined after spaceman.

Similarity analogy: Similarity analogy is a process whereby words are created based on the Similarity. eg: development gap(经济发展的差距)，production gap(生产上差距)，credibility gap(信用差距)，missile gap(导弹发展上的差距) coined after generation gap

Contrast analogy: Contrast analogy is a process whereby words are created based on the Contrast. eg: cold line coined after hot line.

4. Loanwords

most loan words in English are translated form foreign languages according to their sounds. Therefore they have weaker motivation. Eg: 德先生（democracy）、赛先生（science）；蜜月（honeymoon）

from Morphological motivation, we can work out the meaning of a word if we know the meaning of the morphemes that constitute that word, though most simple words are non-motivation.

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积极组织行为学在企业管理中的应用

组织行为学课程论文 题目: 浅析积极组织行为学在企业管理中的应用姓名: 李宇哲 学院: 经济管理学院 专业: 会计 班级: 会计 学号: 2011106084 20 12 年8 月31 日 南京农业大学教务处制

浅析积极组织行为学在企业管理中的应用 摘要：积极组织行为学是组织行为学科在传统组织行为学的消极取向基础上提出的新理论，强调对人类心理优势的开发与管理，即如何采取积极的方法、怎样发挥员工的优势以提高组织的绩效水平。本文介绍了积极组织行为学产生的过程及其内容、与传统组织行为学及积极心理学的区别，分析了积极组织行为学子概念的内涵、开发培训方法及在企业管理中的应用，概括了积极组织行为学的产生对企业管理的影响。 关键词：组织行为学、积极组织行为学、企业管理 一、引言 当今，越来越多的管理者认识和接受了这样一个事实：管理的核心是人的管理，人力资源的价值成为衡量企业整体竞争的标志。如何挖掘人的潜能、开发人的创造性，成为企业管理的一个核心内容。在积极心理学运动的影响下，21世纪初由鲁森斯（Luthans）提出的积极组织行为学（Positive Organizational Behavior，POB）越来越受到国内外学者的关注，已经成为目前组织行为理论研究的重点和热点。组织行为学也称管理心理学，是一门多学科、多层次相交叉的边缘性、两重性和应用性的新兴学科，是专门研究一定组织中人的心理与行为规律的科学。它是心理学应用的新成果，是管理学、行为学的新发展。积极组织行为学相对于传统组织行为学不仅仅是理论概念的翻新，以及研究重点简单的由消极性转向积极性，而是有着具体标准和严格概念界定的研究范畴。POB研究实际上是追求实现员工个人成长与组织的可持续发展相统一，而且积极组织行为学研究的可测量性、可开发性、在组织中对绩效提升的影响性三个基本条件，决定了POB尤其强调理论在企业管理中应用的特性。 二、积极组织行为学的产生 组织行为学起源于1927——1932年梅奥等人在西方电气公司的霍桑工厂从事的著名试验——“霍桑试验”。他们总结：人们的生产效率不仅受物质条件和环境的影响，更重要的是受社会因素和心理因素等积极特性方面的影响，如士气、安全感、自尊、劳动集体成员之间满意的相互关系以及有效的管理。换言之，积极的帮助、正面的影响、员工积极的态度均对工作效率有显著影响。 尽管大量的实证以及显著的表面效度支持着有关人的积极性的研究，然而长期以来，传统组织行为学领域更多地聚焦组织、团队、管理者和员工的负面障碍等方面，如怎样引导和激励消极、懒惰的员工，如何确定组织中员工负面情绪所造成的金钱损失，如何纠正不良的工作作风、态度和行为，如何更有效地管理冲突和应对压力、倦怠等。之所以会出现这些情形，组织行为学家Wright认为主要是以往的组织行为研究过分强调“费效分析”的价值取向，即一切行为和政策都要以它们使组织付出的成本和给组织带来的收益为基础来衡量其效果和价。Wright等将这种取向称为“忠于管理的观点”。

10第十章 蛋白质代谢

第十章蛋白质合成 一、判断题： 1．真核生物mRNA是多顺反子结构。 2.密码第三位碱基在决定掺入氨基酸特异性方面重要性较小。 3.一组密码子可以编码一个以上氨基酸的现象称为密码的简并性。 4.生物体编码20种氨基酸的密码数共有64个。 5.蛋白质的氨基酸顺序是在合成过程中由氨基酸和mRNA模板上密码（核苷酸三联体）之间互补作用所决定的。 6.在蛋白质合成过程中tRNA的5，端是携带氨基酸的部位。 7.核糖体上每一个肽键的形成除氨基酸活化中用去2个高能磷酸键外，还需要消耗2个高能磷酸键。

8.原核生物起始tRNA是缬氨酸-tRNA。 9.在蛋白质合成过程中核糖体沿mRNA5?→3?移动一次为一个核苷酸的长度 10.每种氨基酸只能有一种特定的tRNA与之对应。 11.蛋白质的合成方向是从N端到C端。 12. 植物吸收的NO3必须被还原为NH3后才能同化为氨基酸。 13.蛋白酶是从肽链内部水解肽链的。14．多肽链合成结束，就意味着具有正常生理功能的蛋白质已经生成。 二．填空题 1．蛋白质的生物合成是以______作为模板，______作为运输氨基酸的工具，_____作为合成的场所。 2．细胞内多肽链合成的方向是从_____端到______端，而阅读mRNA的方向是从____端到____端。

3．核糖体上能够结合tRNA的部位有_____部位，______部位。 4．蛋白质的生物合成通常以_______作为起始密码子，以______，______，和______作为终止密码子。 5．肽链延伸包括进位_____和_____三个步骤周而复始的进行。 6.蛋白质合成中，氨基酸的活化形式是______。 7.核苷酸在核苷酸酶的作用下，其水解产物为______和______。 8.RNA聚合酶是由______个亚基组成。 9.RNA转录终止可由______因子识别。 10.原核生物蛋白质生物合成的起始氨基酸是______。 11.固N酶由两种蛋白质组成，分别是______蛋白和______蛋白。

8motivation

Chapter 15 –Motivating Employees True/False １. The three key elements in the definition of motivation are energy, direction, and persistence. True (difficult) 2. Reinforcement theory is related to an individual's belief that she is capable of performing a task. False (moderate) 3. The key to reinforcement theory is that it ignores factors such as goals, expectations, and needs, and focuses solely on what happens to a person when he takes some action. True (difficult) 4. Reinforcement theorists believe that behavior is a function of its consequences. True (easy) 5. Adding vertical depth to a job is called job enlargement. False (moderate) 6. Job design refers to the way tasks are combined to form complete jobs. True (easy) 7. When a mail sorter's job is expanded to include mail delivery, the mail sorter has experienced job enlargement. True (easy) 8. Job enlargement increases job depth. False (easy) 9. In the job characteristics model, task significance refers to the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work. False (moderate) 10. According to the job characteristics model, task autonomy is not important. False (moderate) 11. Guidance from the job characteristics model suggests that job enlargement should take place rather than task specialization. True (moderate)

版自考组织行为学第五章章节真题及

一、单项选择题 （201610）9、个体与个体，或个体与群体间相互依存、相互激励的社会心理现象是（C）5A、情绪认同B、心理相容C、共生效应D、文化维系（201610）10、团队成员之间相互交往的根基是（B）5 A、以关系为导向 B、以任务为导向 C、以利益为导向 D、以信仰为导向 （201610）11、每个团队都会'以不同的建立方法经历三个发展阶段，即组建期、激荡期和（A）5 A、规范期 B、成熟期 C、稳固期 D、衰退期 二、多项选择题 （201610）28、虚拟团队的特征有（ACD）5 A、团队成员有共同的目标 B、团队成员的地理位置具有集中性 C、团队釆用电子沟通方式 D、团队具有宽泛型的组织边界 E、团队成员心理相容 三、名词解释 （201704）33、共生效应5 答：共生效应是指个体与个体，或个体与群体间相互依存，相互激励的社会心理现象。 （201710）33、心理相容5

答：是指群体成员之间心理上的互相理解、容纳和协调，即群体成员间的心理流和心理面处于一个同频同振的心理场中，一个人或者若干人的行为会引起群体的肯定性反应。 四、简答题 （201704）39、简述虚拟团队的作用。5 答：（1）虚拟团队允许分散性组织最大限度地发挥其专长，而不需要实质性的个体物理流动。 （2）虚拟团队允许组织将不同文化、不同商务习惯的多种意见统一起来以避免发生逆生产效率的现象。它的有利之处包括成本的降低、周转时间的下降、远程成员间的整合等。 （3）虚拟团队为在复杂的经营环境中，通过跨组织的宽泛联合、协调完成复杂的商业任务提供了一个重要的机会。 （201710）39、简述团队的特征。5 答：（1）价值观共识化。 （2）团队工作的主旨是委托和授权。 （3）团队成员平等、信任、注重交流。 （4）xx的员工是团队的关键。

motivation letter

Motivation letter Dear sir/madam I’m writing this letter with f ull hope of being a student of Neils Brock Copenhagen Business College. There have several reasons why I decided to apply for the bachelor degree there. 1.Throughout my high school I always feel interested in business, especially marketing. That’s the reason I came to Denmark. It has always been a strong motivation for me to extend my life by leaving more things to this world. This was particularly clear when I have learned the business courses. Modern world is a business world; the role of business is not just component but an essential factor. By doing business, you can not only earn your living but also giving meaning of life. 2 .The other aspect is my family—being also a reason why I wantto major in business. Acting as the sole heir of family business I always feel responsibility. Planning and implementation of projects for the use of our company help me to keep abreast of learning and put knowledge into use. 3 .I am also motivated to apply this school is that Neils Brock is the second biggest educational institution in Denmark. There have 6 majors including around 200 different kinds of courses. Besides, Neils Brock always pays close attention to education internationalization. Students in Neils Brock are from 40 countries and courses there are offered in English. Being a student of Neils Brock can get more chances to build up international business sense which are significant for future career. Maybe I am not the best student, but I will do my best. Yours sincerely Minghui Fu 08-09-2011

组织行为学案例分析答案

案例1 卢作孚和他的事业 1.讨论卢作孚的价值观及其与“民生精神”的联系。 答：1).价值观概念：价值观代表了一系列基本的信念：从个人或社会角度来说，某种具体行为类型或存在状态比之于相反的行为类型或存在状态更为可取。 2).影响因素：家庭教育，学校教育，同伴团体，社会舆论，大众传媒及 其它社会文化因素（历史，民族，宗教等） 3).卢作孚的价值观：A：口号“服务高于一切”——对社会、对他人负 责的价值观。 B：提倡“个人为实业服务，事业为社会服务，个人的工作是超报酬的，事业的任务是超经济的”（事业中心论）——将国家、将社会的利益放在第一位的价值观。C:培养群体的团结意识。——由小到大的个人到群体到社会的责任价值观。 4).卢作孚的“民生精神”。目标：“民生主义”；宗旨：“服务社会、便 利人群、开发产业、富强国家”集中强化爱国、集团服务和艰苦创业等意识。 5).价值观与“民生精神”的联系。民生精神促进了他价值观的发展， 价值观也同时让他亲近了民。生精神，两者是一种相互联系、相互促进、相得益彰的关系。 2.民生公司的管理有什么特点？这对今天中国企业的管理有哪 些启示？ 管理特点：1).提出了“安全、迅速、舒适、清洁”的理念，同时提 出了“服务高于一切”的口号。 2).完善业务流程、够用渠道、建立员工参与监督的制度。 3).提倡“职工股东化、股东职工化” 4).将员工教育作为提高公司竞争力的头等大事。 5).民生精神教育，居于员工训练的核心地位。 启示：1).建立科学的企业领导体制和管理制度 2).要致力于组织的文化建设 3).注重创新，创新将是企业取得竞争优势的根本途径 4).重视员工，尊重员工，满足需求。 5).重视的价值观的作用 6).制定合理的用人制度要根据每个的能力安排不同的工作。 7).公司要制定合理的激励机制。

国际经济学作业任务答案解析-第十章

Chapter 10 Trade in Developing Countries Multiple Choice Questions 1. The infant industry argument was an important theoretical basis for (a) Neo-colonialist theory of international exploitation. (b) Import-substituting industrialization. (c) Historiography of the industrial revolution in Western Europe. (d) East-Asian miracle. (e) None of the above. Answer: B 2. Sophisticated theoretical arguments supporting import-substitution policies include (a) Terms of trade effects. (b) Scale economy arguments. (c) Learning curve considerations. (d) The problem of appropriability. (e) None of the above. Answer: D 3. General equilibrium considerations lead to the realization that import-substituting policies have an effect of (a) Discouraging exports. (b) Encouraging exports. (c) Encouraging an efficient use of a country’s resources. (d) Generating large tariff revenues for the government (e) None of the above. Answer: A

Motivation Letter范文

Motivation Letter Dear Professor: I’m a postgraduate student from Peking University in China and I’m now a freshman. My English name is Lily, I choose this name because I want my personality as pure and peaceful as lily. During my undergraduate education, I mainly studied Tourism Management in Sun Yat-sen University, and took Business Communication as my minor. I have published a paper named "A Comparative Study on Two Models of Tourism Area Life Cycle" on Tourism Science as a second writer. When graduating, my dissertation had been honored as “outstanding”, and I was the Excellent Graduate Student of grade 06 in 2010. Now I’m studying Environmental Planning and Management in the School of Environment and Energy in Peking University, my main interests concentrate on the environmental law and policy. In my opinion, the technological methods are only one aspect to solve the environmental issues, while, sometimes the social science perspective, like law, policy, risk regulation and etc., is the effective way, maybe the only way, to achieve that goal. So if I’m lucky enough to be admitted by University of Kent, I want to learn Environmental Social Science, and I would like to follow the courses like Social science perspectives on environmental issues, Environmental Law and Policy, International Environmental Law, Environmental anthropology, Environmental Politics, Techniques of Data Analysis and so forth. Although I have limited knowledge about environmental law and policy, I have learnt some basic knowledge about data analysis and anthropology, so I feel confident in myself to learn this subject well. There are two reasons why I want to study abroad: For one reason, In Peking University, my tutor is engaged in the research of environmental law and risk regulation, since I don’t have the background of law and policy, It’s proper for me to take this chance to study environmental social science systematically and to accumulate some research experience, which will makes me competent to do better research in this field in my home university. For another reason, Studying abroad has been a dream since my junior high school, I keenly want to experience foreign education and foreign culture. Imagination and creativity can be stimulated through cross-cultural communication, and my mind will be widened by different training mode s, I think there’s also a responsibility for me to introduce my homeland, China, to the foreign friends, which will results to more understanding for Chinese culture and more exchange of ideas. University of Kent is my first choice of the host university. Firstly, it has wonderful study program that is perfectly fit for me; Secondly, Canterbury was rated as the safest University city in England in the 2009 Complete University Guide, safety is always important for travel in my parents and my mind; Thirdly, I already have learnt some basic knowledge about English history and culture through studying the course “Intercultural Communication”, I tend to go to the place which I’m familiar with, thus I can quickly adapt to the life in the UK In the future, I prefer to take a job in environmental protection department in m y homeland, so I need to learn related knowledge both at home and abroad to grasp different but advanced methods, notions, and the ways of thinking. Being an exchange student is an ideal way to help me realizing this dream faster. Yours sincerely Lily