高考英语综合复习专题四
高考英语综合复习专题四
名词性从句和定语从句
名词性从句
名词性从句的语法功能：在句中充当名词成分,也就是说做主语, 宾语,表语, 同位语.于是就形成了主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.
引导名词性从句的引导词可分为三类：
一.引导词本身无词义,在从句中无地位. 这类词只有一个,that
二.词本身有词义但在从句中无地位, 如 :whether , if 和 as if
三. 词本身有词义且在句中有地位. 如:who , whom , whose , what , which , when , where , why , how
例句如下:
1). That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
上星期他突然病倒使我们都感到吃惊. ( that 引导主语从句)
2). It doesn't matter so much whether you will come or not.
你是否来关系不太大. ( whether 引导主语从句 , it 作形式主语 )
3). Who will go is not important.
谁要来不重要. (who 引导主语从句 )
4). The question was who could go there.
问题是谁能去那儿. (who 引导表语从句 )
5). He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说课文非常重要,我们应当背诵下来. ( 两个that 引导的都是宾语从句)
6). The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
他什么也没说使大家感到吃惊. ( that 引导同位语从句)
运用名词性从句是应当注意的几个问题:
1. whether 与 if 引导名词性从句是略有区别, if 不能引导主语从句, 不能与 or not 连用,不与不定式连用.
2. 宾语从句应当注意时态的呼应, 主句为与动词时过去时,宾语从句也应当是过去时(过去完成时,过去进行时, 过去将来时)
3.宾语从句否定前移问题: 当主句中有: I think ( suppose , expect , believe , imagine , guess) 时.应当否定这些词,其实就是对后面从句的否定,应当注意的是主语必须是"I " , 其他主语同于一般动词的否定. 如: I don't think you are right. (我认为你不对.)
I don't believe they will win the game. (我相信他们不会赢得这场比赛.)
She supposed that we couldn't arrive so early. ( 他认为我们不会到到达如此早.)
4. 同位语从句一般用 that 引用,先行词一般为: news , fact , idea , suggestion , promise.当先行词为是可以用其他引导词. 如:
Everyone knows the fact the earth goes round the sun. ( 众所周知地球围绕太阳转.)
I have no idea when he will be back. (我不知道他什么时间回来.)
练习
I. 找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句
1. I don't if I can do it.
2. What he is doing seems very difficult.
3. The important thing is how we can improve our studies.
4. Mr Li always thinks of how he can do more for the people.
5. The news that she was pretending to be sick was whispered from one to another.
6. I was surprised at what he said.
7. That's what you are going to do first.
8. That'll be decided who is the monitor of our class at the class meeting.
9. When the sports meet is to be held is still under discussion.
10. Here comes the news that some foreigners from America will visit our school. 答案：
1.if I can do it 宾语从句
2 What he is doing 主语从句
3 how we can improve our studies 表语从句
4 how he can do more for the people 介词宾语从句
5 that she was pretending to be sick 同位语从句
6 what he said 介词宾语从句
7 what you are going to do first 表语从句
8 who is the monitor of our class at the class meeting宾语从句
9 When the sports meet is to be held 主语从句
10 that some foreigners from America will visit our school 同位语从句
II.把下列各句填入适当的引导词
1. ---Could you tell me _____ the man is?
--- He is my brother.
2. I didn't know _____ he was coming until yesterday.
3. ----It's still a question ____ we shall have our sports.
--- It's said we shall have it next week.
4. The news _____ he was chosen made us happy.
5. The doctor asked ____ medicine you have taken.
6. This is _____ they solved the problems in the city.
7._____ our football team will win is uncertain yet.
8. _____ frightened us most was _____ two lights appeared suddenly in the darkness.
9. My mother asked ____ was the matter with me.
10. The reason I didn't come to the meeting was ____ I got ill.
答案： 1. who 2. that 3.when 4.that 5.what 6.how 7.Whether 8.What 9. what 10 that
III.翻译下列各句
1..肯定他将来参加宴会。
2. 决定我们什么时候去北京了吗？
3. 他什么也没说使大家都很奇怪。
4. 无疑问史密斯先生很健康。
5. 很清楚你错了。
6. 这是我们所想要的东西。
7. 我想你对。
8. 我想知道他是否能帮助我。
9. 天气不是昨天那样了。
10. 问题是我们怎么能完成任务。
答案：
1. It is sure that he will come to the party.
2. Is it decided when we will go to Beijing?
3. The fact that he didn't say anything surprised everyone.
4. There is no doubt that Mr Smith is in good health.
5. It is clear that you are wrong.
6. This is what we want.
7. I think you are right.
8. I ' like to know whether you can help me or not.
9. The weather is not what it was yesterday.
10. The problem is how we can finish the task.
定语从句
定语从句在句中起形容词作用，所以，形容词从句又叫定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词,定语从句必须有引导词引导，先行词一定与引导词有关系，引导词应能代替先行词，在从句中做成分，因此,形容词从句又叫关系从句.
形容词从句中的引导词尤为重要。一是引导从句，作为从句的重要标志；二是代替先行词;三是在从句中充当成分。
由在从句中的地位划分,引导词可分为三类:
一. 主语,宾语引导词. 如: who , whom , what , that , which , as
二.状语引导词. 如: where , when , why
三.定语引导词. 如: whose
例如: 1). She is the girl who sings best of all. 她是所有人唱歌最好的那个小女孩。
引导词who 代替先行词 the girl , 在定语从句中作主语.
2). Please pass me the notebook whose cover is red. 给我书皮是红色的那本书.
引导词 whose 代替先行词 the notebook , 在从句中作定语。
3). A steel plant is a place where steel is made. 钢厂是生产钢的地方。
引导词where 与先行词the place 有关系,相当于in the place, 在句中作状语，可以理解
为: steel is made in the place.
4). As everyone knows, he is honest. 众所周知,她很诚实。
引导词 as 代替先行词 he is honest (先行词为一句话), 在定语从句中作know的宾语。
需要注意的几个问题:
1. 先行词为"人"时,引导词用who ,whom ; whose 即可代替"人"又可代替"物", that 即可指"人"又可指"物"; which 指"物"或"整句"; as 前面常有such 或the same.
例如: 1). I won't tell them the news, which will make them sad. 我不愿意告诉他们那个消息,会使他们悲伤的。 ( which 指物 )
2). Bamboo is hollow, which makes them very light. 竹子是空的,这会使他们轻。 ( which代替整句话: bamboo is hollow )
3). He must be from Africa, as can he seen from skin. 从皮肤上看,他一定来自于非洲。( as 指全句: he must be from Africa )
4). Li Hua was one of the girls who have the chances.李华是那些有机会的小女孩之一。( who 指人 )
5). That is the boy whose father died three years ago. 那就是三年前他爸爸死的那个小男孩。(whose 指人,相当于: the boy's )
6). Do you have a bottle whose lid is red? 你有瓶盖是红色的瓶子吗? (whose指物)
2. that和which 都能指物, 指物是可以互换, that 也能指人。但下列情况必须用that。
1)先行词为all , anything , everything , nothing , something 等不定代词。
2)先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰。
3)先行词被the only, the very , the same , the last 等词修饰。
4) 先行词既有人也有物。
5) 以who 开头的疑问句
例如:
I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor.
我看到了所有桌子上的杯子掉到了地板上。
The parks are the clearest parks that you can imagine.
这些公园是你能想象的最干净的公园。
Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe.
玉米并不是被传往欧洲的唯一食物。
They talked about things and persons that they remembered.
他们谈起所记起的人和事。
以下情况时能用which
1) 前面紧接介词时。
2) 引导非限定从句时
例如:
This is the book about which we are talking now.
这是我们正谈的那本书。
Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, which his parents expect.
汤姆努力学习并乐于助人,这正是他父母所盼望的。
练习题
I.填入适当的引导词
1. Please pass me the notebook ____ cover is yellow.
2. Li Hua was one of the girls ____ have the chance to go abroad.
3. He must be form Africa, ____ can be seen from his skin.
4. Air, ___ we breathe every day, is around us all the time.
5. 1949 was the year ____ the New China was born.
6. I don't know the reason ____ she looks unhappy today.
7. This is the village _____ my father worked three years ago.
8. I still remember the day ____ the old scientist took us to the lab for the first time.
9. The letter ______ I received yesterday is from my sister.
10. The woman _____ you saw in the park is our geography teacher.
答案： 1. whose 2.who 3.as 4.which 5.when 6.why 7.where 8.when 9.that 10. whom
II.合并各组句子
1. The factory is a small one.
The factory stands near the river.
2. Have you answered the letter?
You got that letter two weeks ago.
3. I'll never forget the day.
On that day I joined the League.
4. We are not allowed to do so.
Tell me the reason.
5. The boy student is very young.
He won the game.
6. The town has become a famous city.
He grew up in the town.
7. I spend my childhood in Suzhou.
I have never been there again since I left.
8. He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter.
He has not seen the girl for years.
9. Do you know the man?
His son is a famous scientist.
10. My uncle bought the bicycle last week.
The bicycle has been stolen.
答案：
1. The factory which is a small one stands near the river.
2. Have you answered the letter that you received two weeks ago?
3. I'll never forget the day when I joined the League.
4. Tell me the reason why we are not allowed to do so.
5. The boy who won the game is very young.
6. The town in which he grew up has become a famous city.
7. I have never been in Suzhou again since I left, where I spent my childhood.
8. He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter whom he has not seen for years.
9. Do you know the man whose son is a famous scientist?
10. The bicycle which my uncle bought last week has been stolen.
III.改错
1. The story happened in November on which the weather was very cold.
2. Stella is one of the engineers who is fit for the task.
3. Even at that moment he didn't come to our help, who made us disappointed.
4. Mr Williams has two sons, both of whom looks like him.
5. When we passed the place which the dead boy laid, each of us saluted.
答案： 1.on改为 in 2. is 改为are 3.who改为 which 4.looks改为 look
5.which改为 where
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山东省2013年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破六 动词的时态和语态
2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版 六、动词的时态和语态 真题试做 1．(2012山东高考，28)After Jack had sent some emails, he ______ working on his project. A．had started B．has started C．started D．starts 2．(2011山东高考，31)When I got on the bus，I ______ I had left my wallet at home. A．was realizing B．realized C．have realized D．would realize 3．(2011山东高考，35)She was surprised to find the fridge empty；the children ______ everything! A．had been eating B．had eaten C．have eaten D．have been eating 4．(2010山东高考，30)Up to now，the program ______ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A．would save B．saves C．had saved D．has saved 考向分析 从历年高考试题看，涉及时态和语态的题目最多，且每年题目数量相对稳定。测试重点主要是以下几个方面： 1．注重在语境中考查常见时态的区别，如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时的区别等。要求准确判断动作和时间的关系，正确理解时间概念，如是现在、过去还是将来，是时间段、时间点还是时间瞬间。 2．遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，考查在状语从句等特定语言环境中时态的代替。要求吃透语境，摸清命题人的意图，善于捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，克服汉语式的惯性思维。 3．把语态与时态结合在一起，进行综合考查。各种常用时态的被动语态的构成，仍是高考命题的热点之一，而且题干中有效信息越来越隐蔽，试题难度呈现加大的趋势。要求明确谓语动词与主语的关系，分清是主动还是被动。 4．考查主动形式表示被动意义。对语境理解能力的要求逐步提高，且要重视有特殊用法的动词的运用。 热点例析 考点一：现在进行时和过去进行时的用法 1．现在进行时表示现在正在发生的动作，也可表示长期或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行；过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作或状态，也可表示一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。如： We are waiting for you. When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining. 2．进行时常与always/constantly/continually，frequently等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有主观色彩。如： You are always changing your mind. 3．下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。 (1)表示心理状态、情感的动词：know，realize，think，see，believe，trust，suppose，imagine，guess，agree，recognize，remember，want，need，forget，prefer，mean，understand，like，love，hate，care，mind，wish等。
2008山东高考英语真题及答案
试题一： 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 例：Mr. Smith owns _______ collection of corns than anyone else I have even met. A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large 答案是B。 21. Students should be encouraged to use ______ Internet as ______ resource. A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. the; a 22. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _______ his eyesight was beginning to fail A. though B. for C. but D. so 23. ______was most important to her. she told me, was her family. A. It B. This C. What D. As 24. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I do n’t think we _______ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 25. By the time he realizes he ________ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked 26. Occasions are quite rare ________ I have the tune to spend a day with any kids. A. who B. which C. why D. when 27. Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and ________ before you leave.
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2011年高考英语阅读七选五专项训练（10题）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 专项练习一 For over one hundred and fifty years, Americans of all social classes have worn blue jeans．1 Whether they are worn for work or for fashion today．Strauss' invention continues to be popular not only among Americans but also among people around the world．Levi Strauss was born in Germany in 1829． 2 He grew up in Kentucky before moving to New York in 1847．Before becoming an American citizen and moving to the West in 1853, Strauss worked in his brother's dry goods business．This gave him a chance to produce his famous invention．After the gold rush of 1849, Strauss decided to move to the West to seek his fortunes．Strauss did not want to be a person who searched an area for minerals．Instead, he knew he could make a good living by selling supplies to the miners．At first, he planned to sell sewing supplies and cloth． 3 When he heard miners complaining that their clothes were easily broken or they usually tore their pockets during mining, he decided to use a special fabric to make pants for the miners．These pants proved so popular that he quickly ran out of materials to make more． In 1873, Strauss received a letter from a Jewish tailor named Jacob Davis who had invented a process of connecting pockets with copper rivets（铆钉）．This made the pants last a long time．Because Davis did not have the money to patent his idea, he offered to share it with Strauss if Strauss would agree to pay for the patent． 4 ． By the time Strauss died in 1902, he had made a great contribution to American fashion． 5 The business has been growing ever since and Levi Strauss' company is now one of the largest clothing companies in the world． A．As a young boy, he moved with his family to the United States． ！ B．Nobody knew what kind of material was suitable． C．He did and Levi jeans have been made with metal rivets ever since． D．However, he did not get much business for those products． E．He also made a great contribution to America's clothing industry． F．Since they were invented by Levi Strauss, they have become a symbol of American consumer culture． G．As the business grew, Strauss got much money from it．
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