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高考训练4

The word “plastic” comes from the Greek word “Platicos” and is used to describe_1_which can be easily shaped.

The history of plastics is longer than you might_2_.In fact _3_ manmade plastics ever to appear on the market was made over a hundred years ago. It was called “celluloid(赛璐璐)”.It was discovered by both an Englishman and an American in the same year._4_it was the Americans who first produced it on a large scale during the year 1860.Everybody was _5_by this new material which could be moulded (用模

子做) into shapes and _6_so cheap to buy.

Poor young men _7_in cities with lots of smoke and dirt were_8_ to buy white celluloid collars(领子).The collars were hard and uncomfortable. But they did not have to be sent to wash. The poor young men _9_ rub them clean every evening with soap and water! Poor mothers,

_10_ had not been able to afford playthings _11_their children, were now able to buy them playthings _12_ of celluloid. But celluloid had one very serious fault. It caught fire very easily. In fact it burned even more quickly than wood or cloth. There were many terrible accidents, particularly _13_ children. For years scientists worked hard to find a better plastic material than celluloid. They had _14_ success. Then in 1932 an American scientist called Baekeland produced a hard plastic material which did not burn. _15_ became known _16_ bakelite(酚醛塑料).Other plastic materials like bakelite were _17_ produced. They _18_ to make electrical fittings and plates and cups. Poor people liked them because they were both cheap and safe, but rich people _19_ them because they were cheap, and because they could only be made

_20_dark colours.

1. A. something B. everything C. thing D. anything

2. A. wish B. think C. want D. hope

3. A. first B. at first C. for the first D. the first

4. A. So B. But C. And D. As

5. A. surprised B. excited C. told D. frightened

6. A. be B. were C. was D. is

7. A. waiting B. running C. walking D. working

8. A. going B. sure C. about D. able

9. A. could B. ought to C. must D. should

10. A. which B. who C. whom D. that

11. A. for B. like C. in D. of

12. A. done B. produced C. worked D. made

13. A. between B. on C. among D. about

14. A. much B. great. C. never D. little

15. A. The man B. He C. It D. The scientist

16. A. as B. with C. by D. to

17. A. already B. still C. also D. yet

18. A. used B. hoped C. were used D. had

19. A. took B. loved C. enjoyed D. disliked

20. A. in B. by C. from D. Of

James Cook, at the age of forty, was sent by England to explore(探索)the Pacific Ocean. On his third voyage, as captain in charge of two ships, the Discovery and the Revolution, he came upon a group of unknown islands which he named the Sandwich Islands after his friend, the Earl(伯爵)of Sandwich. Today the islands are known at the Hawaiian Islands.

When Cook sailed into a protected bay(海湾)of one of the larger islands. The native greeted him with curiosity(好奇)and respect. Some historians said that the islanders, welcomed him, believing he was the god, protector of peace and agriculture.

The islanders were short, strong people with a very well-organized social system. The men fished and raised crops. The women prepared for the children and made clothing for the men and short skirts for the women.

1. The islands were named _______.

A. the Hawaiian Islands by James Cook

B. the Earl of Sandwich by James Cook

C. Discovery by James Cook

D. the sandwich Islands by James Cook

2. When he landed there James Cook found the islanders were _______.

A. cold

B. friendly

C. angry

D. satisfied

3. Which of the following is true?

A. The natives were tall and healthy.

B. The men mainly worked outside.

C. The women did nothing but look after children.

D. The natives were very curious about everything.

(6)

When the famous dancer Fred Astaire was interviewed for a job by a Hollywood producer, the movie “expert” turned him down, saying, “Can’t sing. Can’t act. Dances a little.” Here’s another stupid mistake. When the great scientist Albert Einstein was at school, his teachers considered him rather dull. And a final story, the famous Polish pianist Paderewski was told by a teacher that he’d never be a success as a performer because the middle finger on each hand was too short.

What lessons can be drawn from these three experiences? First, true genius(天才) cannot be suppressed(压抑). For some reason or other it works its way out. Second, early judgments of a person’s abilities may be unfair or just wrong. Third,

when there is a real determination to succeed, obstacles fall by the wayside.

The famous motto “ad astra per aspera” can be translated as “To the stars through hardships”. Astaire, Einstein and Paderewski proved their critics wrong.

1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?

A. Fred Astaire was a famous dancer.

B. True ability will always make itself known.

C. Some people never get discouraged.

D. Albert Einstein proved his teachers wrong.

2. When Paderewski’s teachers told him he’d never be a success, they were _______.

A. being humorous

B. cheerful, though concerned

C. somewhat hesitant

D. seriously mistaken

3. “Ad astra per aspera” is used in the passage _______.

A. as a motto for t he three men’s lives

B. to show the value of Latin

C. to send the reader to the dictionary

D. to point out that genius is always recognized early

4. The writer of the passage thinks that the reader _______.

A. knows that the three men were successful men

B. someday dreams to become like one of the men

C. sympathizes with(同情) the poor teachers of the three men

D. knows that Fred Astaire was an actor famous for performing Shakespeare’s plays

改错

Long long ago，people had gather leaves and 56．＿＿＿＿＿

fruit of plants to eat with．They didn’t know how 57．＿＿＿＿＿

to plant crops or how to keep animals for their 58．＿＿＿＿＿

food．We call them Stone Age people．Thing for 59．＿＿＿＿＿

them were terrible and hard．Now there have still 60．＿＿＿＿＿

some people living liked those Stone Age people．61．＿＿＿＿＿

They live in places that are hard reach．They do 62．＿＿＿＿＿

not know of our invention，for they keep themselves 63．＿＿＿＿＿

away our civilized world．For many years 64．＿＿＿＿＿

a group of people call Aruntas have lived alone 65．＿＿＿＿＿

in the center of Australia．

第二节：语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）

In my free time, I really like surfing the Internet. When I get home from work, I turn on my computer, wait __31____it boots up completely, and then I go online. I usually check my email first and then write a few messages __32____ family and friends. I sometimes scan the local news headlines at

___33___ favorite news Website and read up on the latest local and international news. This Website often provides video news clips____34___ you can view online. I sometimes order products or service online to save money and time instead of going to a store and__35____(buy) what I'm looking for. For example, I ___36____ (order)a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. Whatever I do, I realize that there are problems__37_____ using the Internet including scams, identify theft, and viruses, so I'm very careful not to give out my ____38_____ (person) information. Furthermore, I don't download or open files I don't recognize. Using the Internet can be fun and__39____ convenient way of shopping and finding out new information, _____40___ you just need to be careful

The world is an interesting place. Different people like different things. Some people like loud music. Other people don't. 1. _________

Many people like sports, but they do not all like the same sports. In some countries, cricket(板球运动) is a very popular sport, In others it is not popular at all. No one plays it or watches it on TV. However, most people like soccer. The World Cup is very popular. 2. _________

Different people like different foods. Some people do not like meat. 3. _________ Some people do not like potatoes or bread. They prefer rice.

4. _________ Most people have their favorite colors. Some people like bright colors. Others prefer pale colors.

Many people like traveling. Different people like different places. Some people like to go to the country. They like the fresh air. Some people like to go to the cities. Because they like shopping. 5._________

What do you like? Have you got an idea?

A. They like soft music.

B. Not everyone likes the same color.

C. Millions of people watch the games on TV.

D. Different people like different kinds of pets.

E. They eat fruit and vegetables most of the time.

F. So they don’t raise pigs in their countries

G. Some other people enjoy beautiful places like the mountains or beaches.

1.这句话表示“plastic”这个单词最早来源于希腊语“platicos”而且被用来描述那些容易成形的东西。答案为A。

2.塑料的历史要比你所想到的历史长。答案为B。

3.这里表示最早的、最先的。答案为D。

4.这里表示虽然英美两国同年发现，但是美国人率先生产。答案为B。

5. be excited by“因为……而激动”。答案为B。

6.它的主语是“which”，而“which”指的是this new material，所以用单数。答案为C。

7. working in cities是现在分词短语做后置定语。这里

指的是在城市里工作的贫穷的年轻人。答案为D。

8. be able to表示“能够”。答案为D。

9.could表示“能够”。答案为A。

10.这是一个非限定性定语从句，who指的是前边提到的poor mothers,在非限定性定语从句中作主语。答案为who。答案为B。

11. A表示“为”，在这里指的是那些贫穷的母亲不能给孩子们买起玩具。答案为A。

12. “made of”表示“由……制成”。答案为D。

13.“among children”表示“在孩子们当中”。答案为C。

14.“little success”表示“没有成功”。答案为D。

15. It指的是前面所提到“a hard plastic material”。答案为C。

16. “be known as”作为……而著名。答案为A。

17. also表示“也”，这里表示其它的塑料材料也被制造了出来。答案为C。

18. “were used”表示“被用来……”。答案为C。

19. “dislike”表示“不喜欢”，这里表示富人们不喜欢塑

料制品。答案为D。

20. in dark colours这里表示“深色，黑色”。答案为A

【答案与解析】本文讲述了著名探险家库克发现the Sandwich Islands的过程。

1. D。细节题。根据…which he named the Sandwich Islands after his friend, the Earl(伯爵)of Sandwich. 可推知此题答案为D。

2. B。推断题。根据The native greeted him with curiosity and respect 可知岛民对库克还是比较友好的。

3. B。推断题。根据The men fished and raised crops 可以知道，男子在外面干活。

【答案解析】本文以爱因斯坦等三位名人为例阐述了过早给人定论是错误的。

1. B。主旨题。根据第2 段…true genius cannot be suppressed. For some reason or other it works its way out 可知答案为B。

2. D。细节题。根据最后一句…Astaire, Einstein and Paderewski proved their critics wrong.可知答案为D。

3. A。推断题。根据最后一段可推知答案为A。

4. A。推断题。根据全文可知答案为A。

短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Keys:56．had→had to57．去掉with 58．√59．Thing→Things

60．have→are61．liked→like62．reac h→to reach

63．invention→inventions64．away后加from 65．call→called

语法填空： 31 until / till 32. to 33. my 34 that / which 35. Buying

4 ACEBG

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． CD．4．如图所示，小球用细绳系住，绳的另一端固定于O点．现用水平力F缓慢推动斜面体，小球在斜面上无摩擦地滑动，细绳始终处于直线状态，当小球升到接近斜面顶端时细绳接近水平，此过程中斜面对小球的支持力F以及绳对小球N）的拉力F的变化情况是（T 不断增大保持不变，FA．F NT不断减小不断增大，FB．F NT C．F保持不变，F先增大后减小TN先减小后增大FD．F不断增大，NT5．如图所示，一夹子夹住木块，在力F作用下向上提升．夹子和木块的质量分别为m、M，夹子与木块两侧间的最大静摩擦力均为f．若木块不滑动，力F的）最大值是（．．CD．A ．B6．如图，一小球放置在木板与竖直墙面之间．设墙面对球的压力大小为N，球1对木板的压力大小为N．以木板与墙连接点所形成的水平直线为轴，将木板从2）图示位置开始缓慢地转到水平位置．不计摩擦，在此过程中（

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