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重点名校2018高考英语短文改错讲解与选练题(共12页含答案)

2018高考英语短文改错讲解与选练题（共12页含答案）

1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有：

①一般现在时与一般过去时错用；

②and前后动词时态不一致；

③主谓不一致；

④缺少动词，特别是be动词；

⑤第三人称单数形式错用；

⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。

2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。

3. 冠词错误：误用a和an（根据单词的第一个音素来判定）；误用a/an和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠词或少冠词）

4. 形容词和副词错误：系动词（am/is/are/was/were/become/go）和感官性动词（smell/feel）后用形容词；词性的误用（形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词和形容词）。

5. 代词错误：代词的主格和宾格（I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us; they/them）错误；反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）使用错误；代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。

6. 非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。

7. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。

实战选练题

（2017高考选练）短文改错。(选自2017·日照检测)

Dear Tom，

I'm glad to hear that you are very interesting in Guoxue. Let me to give you a simple introduction to it.

Generally speaking, Guoxue refers to the excellent traditional Chinese culture, that includes philosophy, literature, history, music, painting and so on. Guoxue has been playing an increasing important part in China, especially for them students. Not only did it tell us how to study, but it also teaches us how to live. More and more Guoxue courses is given in schools of different levels all over China.

If you want to get better understanding of Guoxue, you are welcome to China to learn it, feel it and enjoy it. I'm sure you'll benefit from living in two different culture. I'm looking forward to see you soon in China.

Yours，

Wang Kai

参考答案：

Dear Tom，

I'm glad to hear that you are very interesting

interested

in Guoxue. Let me to give you a simple introduction to it.

Generally speaking, Guoxue refers to the excellent traditional Chinese culture, that

which

includes

philosophy, literature, history, music, painting and so on. Guoxue has been playing an increasing

increasingly

important part in China, especially for them

us students. Not only did

does

it tell us how to study, but it

also teaches us how to live. More and more Guoxue courses is

are

given in schools of different levels

all over China.

If you want to get∧

better understanding of Guoxue, you are welcome to China to learn it, feel

it and enjoy it. I'm sure you'll benefit from living in two different culture

cultures

. I'm looking forward to

see

seeing

you soon in China.

Yours，

Wang Kai

[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]—记叙文

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.

[答案]

In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still

eighteenth

remember how hard ∧first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the

the/my

instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me

but/yet went

altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！”“Turning

words Turn

left！” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the

later sudden

middle on the road.

3. so改为but或yet考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练说的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白。前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。

4. goes改为went考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。

5. word改为words考查名词复数。教练一直喊“加速”“减速”“左转”。word表示某人说的话时是可数名词，故将word改为words。

6. Turning改为Turn考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”“减速”“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up！” “Slow down！”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形开头，故将Turning改为Turn。

7. 去掉much考查固定句型。“我”如此紧张以至于无法分辨哪个方向是左。固定句型so…that…表示“如此……以至于……”，much为多余成分。故将much去掉。

8. late改为later考查副词。作形容词的时候，later是late的比较级，如：Their deadline is quite late. Ours is even later.(他们的截止日期很迟，我们的更迟。)作副词的时候，late意为“迟”；later 意为“稍后，随后”。句意：几分钟之后……。故将late改为later。

9. suddenly改为sudden考查形容词。“我”紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。sudden为形容词，表示“突然的，迅速的”，修饰名词stop。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。

10. on改为of考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”。on the road表示“在路上”，the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。

【名师点睛】

1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有①一般现在时与一般过去时错用；②and前后动词时态不一致；③主谓不一致；④缺少动词，特别是be动词；⑤第三人称单数形式错用；⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。

2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。

例如第75题将word改为words。word的意思主要是“单词,消息”，words 可以表示为word 的复数，也表示某人说的话。这里指教练说的那些话，故将word改为words。

3. 冠词错误：误用a和an（根据单词的第一个音素来判定）；误用a/an和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠词或少冠词）

例如第72题first前加the或my。句中特指开始学驾照的第一天，所以在first前加上the。也可以加上my，my first day表示“我（学驾照）的第一天”。故在first前加the或my。

例如第79题将suddenly改为sudden。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。sudden 为形容词，表示“突然的；迅速的”。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。

例如第76 题将Turning改为Turn。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”，“减速”，“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up!”“Slow down!”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形，故将Turning 改为Turn。

7. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。

例如第80题将on改为of。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”，on the road表示“在路上”，the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。

【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.

【答案】

1. that →where

2. but去掉

3. had →have

4. honest→ honesty

5. or→ and

6. using →used

7. becoming前加of

8. the →a

9. our→ his 10. stead→steadily

【解析】

试题分析：

1. that →where 考查宾语从句的引导词。介词后面的宾语从句缺少状语，根据句意判断此处表示地点。故把that改为where。

2. 去掉but 考查连词。Though不和but连用，故去掉but。

【归纳总结】在英语中though、although、while或者as等引导的让步状语从句不和but连用；连词because不和so连用；此外，return不和back连用。

3. had →have 考查动词时态。文章是介绍现在的情况，应该用一般现在时。

4. honest→ honesty 考查名词。此处是指诚实是他成功的秘诀，用名词形式。而形容词honest 意思是“诚实的”，是指人的性格特点。

考点：考查短文改错

（2017高考选练）短文改错。(选自2017·福建厦门质量检查)

One day, some children were playing hide－and－seek while they heard a boy names Tate shouting. “Help! The golden lion is coming after me！\” They go running to help Tate, only find him

laughing on the ground. One child s aid, “You shouldn't do that. If you are real in trouble, nobody will come to help you.\”

In a rainy day, Tate shouted again, “The river is flooding and I can't swim. Help！\” The children didn't believe her this time. But a girl saw everything and called the others to save him. Tate was not sorry for playing tricks on his friend. So from that day on, Tate never did that again.

参考答案：

One day, some children were playing hide－and－seek while

named Tate

when they heard a boy names

【2015·陕西】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌系的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线（），并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My soccer coach retired in last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help. Mum taught me some basic step of baking. I insisted on doing most of the baking myself. I thought the biscuits were really well. My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.

At a party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked, “I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”

My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter! 【答案】

1.去掉in

2.anything 改为something

3.better改成best

4.decide改成decided

5.step 改为steps

6.well改成good

7.after改成when/while

8.a改为the

9.just后加to

10.enjoy改为enjoying

【解析】

80.句意：妈妈教我一些基本的烘焙的步骤。step 是可数名词，用复数steps。

81.句意：我认为这些饼干很好。做表语用形容词，well改成good。

82.句意：我唯一的错误是在我将它们打包的时候将它们掉在地上。after改成when/while

83.这里是特指第一段提到的退休聚会。a改为the。

84.句意：我可能明年要再退休一次，只是想得到更多这样的饼干。用不定式做目的状语。just 后加to。

85.句意：我最喜欢的照片是我和我的教练在聚会上开心地享受饼干。of后面接动名词，my coach and me是逻辑主语，enjoy改为enjoying。

【考点定位】考查短文改错

【名师点睛】这篇短文改错是记叙文，短文的内容和学生的日常生活有关。错误之处的设置都是平常学生容易错的地方。考查点比较全面，各种词性都考查到了，也涉及到一些语法知识的考查，如：非谓语动词，时态等。

【2014·四川卷】短文改错(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)

下面短文中共有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

注意：

1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Don't panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.

【答案】

with ---about。

go---goes。

wait 后加for。

classmate ---classmates 。

trying ---try 。

calmly---calm。

a –the 。

us---you。

去掉when。

and—or。

(完整word)高考英语短文改错的解题技巧与方法

高考英语短文改错的解题技巧与方法摘要：短文改错是近年高考英语测试题中的一个必考题。其目的是考查学生综合运用英语的准确性,测试考生发现、判断纠正文章错误的能力。关键词：短文改错准确性上下文正确理解行文逻辑短文改错题是目前高考英语的必考项目，也是平时期中、期末考试的必考题型，短文改错是融语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性英语试题，旨在考查学生对语言的发现，判断，纠正文章中错误的能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。短文改错其实并非难题，但得分率不高。究其原因，主要与学生对短文改错的特点和做题方法有很大的关系。一．短文改错设置的错误的主要类型短文改错设置的错误的主要类型有：⑴名词的单复数；⑵动词的词态和语态；⑶非谓语动词；⑷介词的搭配；⑸主谓一致性；⑹不定冠词与定冠词；⑺固定词组的搭配；⑻行文逻辑一致性；⑼词性的混淆；⑽同义词辨异；⑾连词的误用；⑿代词的格与数；⒀句子成份残缺等。归纳为语法错误、词汇错误和上下文关系错误。这些错误大致涉及以下几个方面：（一）一致性问题所涉及的一致性问题主要包括主谓一致、时态、语态一致、代词指代一致、名词的数与格的一致、句式结构与语意一致、行文关系的一致。例如：主谓不一致 eg: There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening. 讲解：原句中a football game决定了谓语动词必须用单数，所以应该把were改为was。（二）词性问题词性问题不单单是识别的问题，能够说出所给单词的词性，并不说明能够在句中找出用错词性的地方。其主要目的是检测考生是否真正了解主要词类的语法作用及其在句中的经常性位置，如名词在句中一般作主语、宾语、表语，动词作谓语，形容词充当表语、定语和宾补，而副词则充当状语，修饰形容词、动词乃至句子。名词主要考察能力：单复数混用和出题形式：单复数混用 eg: Helen is seve nteen year old. She is very busy. 讲解：“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式，应此应该把year改为years。注意：代词单复数混用类似。 eg: As for a friendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people ar ound us. 讲解：显然因该把them改为it，指代前面提及的friendship。此句话意思是“就友谊来说，我们可以很容易地从我们的同学和周围的人中找到。” 形容词/副词主要考察能力：两者之间是否混用。出题形式：形容词与副词混用。即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词，该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。 ①副词代替正确形容词出现在文章当中 eg: During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually. 讲解：很明显“与平时相比较更忙”，因此需要把usually改为usual。 ②形容词代替正确副词出现在文章当中 eg: As the time clock showed one minute an d forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited,“Come on-get going!”

高考英语专题短文改错二十篇1-20

1. Three friends and I was driving on a highway. While we were going at least 50 miles per hour, we passed over a car. It had broken down, stopped on the side of the road. My friend slows down, and pulled behind the other car. He got out of the car immediate and before I knew it he was helping the other person push the car down the road to a spot where wasn’t so close to the passing cars. From the way they were pushing the car, it looked as if my friend was pushing them all by himself. I thought my friend help a complete stranger like this was a great thing, but I won’t forget his good nature or character. 2. Dear Brad, I’m very glad to hear from you. In your last letter you ask about the post-80s in China. Actually I am the boy who belongs to this group. Comparing with our parents, life for us is getting much hard. The job market is tough and the house is expensively to afford. Now many girls prefer to marry with a man who owns a house an d a car. Therefore, I don’t think love built on house and cars is true love, and I doubt how long it will last. As a matter of fact, though situations are tough today, a lot of we post-80s are making great efforts live a good life. I believe we will have a nice future. Li Hua 3. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, Some of us are having problems about our parents, as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries. I fully understand why we are comfortable about it, but it is no need to feel too sadly. Our parents are checking in our bags or diaries to make sure we’re not getting into troubles. They have probably heard of some horrible stories about other kids and thinking we might do the same. Or perhaps they just want to connect with us and are doing it all wrong. My suggestion is: Tell them we want them to trust us as many as we’d like to trust them. If you don’t think you can talk to them, write them a letter and leave it lie around --- they are bound to read it. Thank you! 4. We spend two weeks in London last year. We went there in the autumn .We think it is the best season to visit England. The weather is usually good but there aren’t too many tourists in October. We stayed in a small h otel in the West End .It was convenient as we did most of our traveling by foot. We went to look at the places where all tourists see. We saw Buckingham Palace and the National Gallery. We went to shopping in Oxford Street and spent too many money .What we liked most, though, was going to theatre. We don’t have the chance to see so wonderful plays at home .A lot of people say English food is very badly. We didn’t think so. It’s true that most of the restaurants are French or Italian or Chinese, but we had some very good meal.

高考英语各地短文改错汇编试题与解析

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