专升本英语语法资料
专升本英语动词语法复习资料
要把握英语语法，要把握英语句子中“动词”的特点。英语句子最简单的结构就是“主谓结构”（当然，有时候省略主语，如祈使句）。而其中的谓语就是动词了（当然，包括系动词，如Be动词）。因此，动词是每个句子中都应该存在的成分。以下则即简述动词的一些特点。
第一、英语的动词具有数的变化。
动词的这一特点就是我们经常所说的“第三人称动词单数形式”。考察的是句子的主语数的问题。与之相对应的语法点是“名词数的形式”（可数名词和不可数名词；单数名词和复数名词）、“主谓一致”、“人称代词的用法”（人称代词和物主代词；名词性的物主代词和形容词性的物主代词）等等。
例如：He always reads books before sleeping.He，第三人称单数代词，因此，动词用了reads这个加“s”的第三人称动词单数形式。
第二、英语的动词具有时态的变化。
首先，动词具有形态上的变化：是经常发生的，还是已经发生的，还是正在发生的。我们称为“一般式”、“完成式”和“进行式”（相延伸的，则产生了“延续动词”和“静态动词”的区别。）。其次，动词具有时间上的变化，即：“过去”、“现在”、“将来”。这样交叉之后即产生了不同的时态变化（应该是9种，但是一般常用的是8种，除去了一种将来完成式）。因此，我们要正确的使用动词的不同时态，关键是把握上述两点。
例如：Now，John is playing basketball.在这个句子中，从Now这个词语中，我们可以知道动词play发生的时间是现在，此外，这个动作正在发生，因此，我们要用“现在进行时”。
第三、英语的动词具有语态的变化。
这里考察的是动词动作的对象是句子的主语还是句子的宾语。如果是主语，则是“被动语态”，如果是宾语，则是“主动语态”。而大量英语的句子是以物作为主语的，因此，英语句子中被动语态特别多。
例如：They sent Lucas to prison for five years.（主动语态）
Lucas was sent to prison for five years.（被动语态）
第四、英语的动词具有语气的变化。
相应的知识点有：情态动词的用法和虚拟语气。这也是英语句子动词用法中最复杂的一个知识点了。相应的内容不展开论述了，有兴趣的朋友可以参看一下的一个附件中的内容。
非常详细的虚拟语气讲解（见论坛里的其它两个帖子）
第五、在一个英语句子中，仅存在一个主句动词。
可能很多人会不同意这一点，但是只要我们稍微分析一下，我们会发现这是非常重要的一个特点。相延伸的知识点是“从句”、“非谓语动词”、“介宾结构的短语”等等。我们
所看到的在一个句子主句中存在两个动词的唯一的一种情况是：用并列连词连接的两个动词（在并列句中，其实是两个主句）。
“从句”：在整个句子中处于从属地位，充当句子的某一个成分。我们可以根据从句在句子中充当的成分对从句进行分类。如：主语从句，充当主语；宾语从句，充当宾语；状语从句，充当状语等等。
“非谓语动词”：具有动词的性质，但不是句子主句的所表达的动作概念，在句子中也是处于从属地位。有三类非谓语动词：动名词、分词和不定式。其区别在于三者时间概念上的区别：动名词表示动作正在进行，且具有名词的性质；分词表示动作已经完成，过去分词表被动涵义，现在分词表主动涵义；不定式表示动作即将发生。
“介宾结构的短语”：以介宾形式在句子中处于从属地位，充当句子的非主要成分。在一定条件下，三者之间可以进行转化。
例如：Running into the room，she started to cry.动名词。
After she ran into the room，she started to cry.时间状语从句。
句子中的主语是she，主句的动词是start.而to cry 是不定式结构。表明哭是在开始之后发生的动作，表将来概念。
第六、其它的一些语法点。
剩余的一些语法点是比较零碎的，相对重要的有：“形容词和副词的比较级”、“句式”（包括基本句式，如肯定句、疑问句：一般疑问句；特殊疑问句；反意疑问句、否定句；特殊句式，如倒装句、强调句）、“冠词的用法”、“数词的用法”、“名词的所有格”等等。
2010年成人高考英语备考指导
一、~ the + ~ est +名词+(that)+主词+ have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read，etc)
~ the most +形容词+名词+(that)+主词+ have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read，etc)
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to + V 例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。)
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V……(不可否认的……)
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that +句子~~(全世界都知道……)
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that +句子~~(毫无疑问的……)
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that +句子(……的优点是……)
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create(produce)any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why +句子~~~ is that +句子(……的原因是……)
例句： The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So +形容词+ be +主词+ that +句子(如此……以致于……)
例句：So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be，S + V~~~(虽然……)
例句：Rich as our country is， the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V，~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~ The + more + Adj + S + V，~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈……愈……)
例句：The harder you work，the more progress you make.
你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read，the more learned we become.
我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving，~~ can ~~(借着……，……能够……
例句：By taking exercise，we can always stay healthy.
借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V(……使……能够……)
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~(我们绝对不能……)
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S +过去式(该是……的时候了)
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
九、So +形容词+ be +主词+ that +句子(如此……以致于……)
例句：So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be，S + V~~~(虽然……)
例句：Rich as our country is， the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V，~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~ The + more + Adj + S + V，~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈……愈……)
例句：The harder you work，the more progress you make.
你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read，the more learned we become.
我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving，~~ can ~~(借着……，……能够……
例句：By taking exercise，we can always stay healthy.
借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V(……使……能够……)
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~(我们绝对不能……)
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S +过去式(该是……的时候了)
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~(……是值得的。)
例句：It pays to help others.
帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on(以……为基础)
例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V(不遗余力的)
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bring home to +人+事(让……明白……事)
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~(与……息息相关)
例句：Taking exercise is closely related t o health.
做运动与健康息息相关。
2010年成人高考专升本英语备考辅导
动词主要时态
一般现在时
1、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often , always, usually ,sometimes,everyday 等时间状语连用;
2、表示主语的特征、性格、能力等;
3、表示客观事实或普遍真理;
4、表示安排或计划好的将来要发生的动作;The plane takes off at 10 am 。
5、在时间或条件状语中，表示将来的动作;When you see her just tell her that I am all right .
6、在某些文学作品的情节描写中，代替过去时，表示或用于引述书刊材料;The author says that the soldiers fight for freedom not for money。
一般过去时
用于表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last week,three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in July 。
一般将来时
主要用于表示将来发生的动作或情况
在时间或条件状语中，一般不用将来时，而是用现在时代替将来时。I’ll let you know the result when I finish everything。
1、shall, will + 动词原型构成一般将来时;
2、am (is , are) going to + 动词原型，表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情;
3、am (is , are) about to + 动词原型，表示即将发生的动作;
4、am (is , an) to + 动词原型，表示必须或计划要进行的动作You are to be here by 4 pm for collecting the shipment you ordered 。
过去将来时
用于表示过去某一时间内，将要发生的动作或存在的状态
was (were) going to +动词原型
was (were) about to +动词原型
was (were) to + 动词原型表示过去某时间内计划、打算或一定要进行的动作
现在进行时
go, come , stay , leave, start 的现在进行时形式可以表示将来即将发生的动作
He is coming to see you tomorrow 。
hate, like, love, believe, think, look, mind, have, seem, sound, smell, taste 通常不使用进行时态过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作He was making a long distance phone call to his friend in Australia from 10 to 11 last night 。
go, come , stay , leave, start 的过去进行时形式可以表示过去将要发生的动作
将来进行时
将来进行时用于在将来的某一段时间正在发生的动作，或按计划在未来将要进行的动作
This time next week she will be working in the company .
现在完成时
表示从过去，但持续到现在的动作，或表示过去发生的动作，但对现在仍留有某种后果和造成影响。He has paid his income tax。
过去完成时
用来表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作，或者表示过去某个时间开始一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作。
He said that the group had written him a letter and asked him to go there for an intervier 。
将来完成时
用来表示在将来某时间以前已经完成的动作
I am sure he will have left Tokyo by this time tomorrow 。
现在完成进行时
表示从过去某一个时间开始一直延续要现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，或者可能要继续进行下去。She has been working in Guangzhou since 1985 。
过去完成进行时
表示过去某个时间以前已经开始而又延续到过去这个时间的动作。可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续。He told me that he had been a teacher of physics for more than twenty years 。
在表示时间或条件关系的主从复合句中，遵照“主将从现”原则，主句用将来时态，从句用现在时态。
一般现在时
1、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often , always,
usually ,sometimes,everyday 等时间状语连用;
2、表示主语的特征、性格、能力等;
3、表示客观事实或普遍真理;
4、表示安排或计划好的将来要发生的动作;The plane takes off at 10 am 。
5、在时间或条件状语中，表示将来的动作;When you see her just tell her that I am all right .
6、在某些文学作品的情节描写中，代替过去时，表示或用于引述书刊材料;The author says that the soldiers fight for freedom not for money。
一般过去时
用于表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last week,three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in July 。
一般将来时
主要用于表示将来发生的动作或情况
在时间或条件状语中，一般不用将来时，而是用现在时代替将来时。I’ll let you know the result when I finish everything。
1、shall, will + 动词原型构成一般将来时;
2、am (is , are) going to + 动词原型，表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情;
3、am (is , are) about to + 动词原型，表示即将发生的动作;
4、am (is , an) to + 动词原型，表示必须或计划要进行的动作You are to be here by 4 pm for collecting the shipment you ordered 。
过去将来时
用于表示过去某一时间内，将要发生的动作或存在的状态
was (were) going to +动词原型
was (were) about to +动词原型
was (were) to + 动词原型表示过去某时间内计划、打算或一定要进行的动作
现在进行时
go, come , stay , leave, start 的现在进行时形式可以表示将来即将发生的动作
He is coming to see you tomorrow 。
hate, like, love, believe, think, look, mind, have, seem, sound, smell, taste 通常不使用进行时态过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作He was making a long distance phone call to his friend in Australia from 10 to 11 last night 。
go, come , stay , leave, start 的过去进行时形式可以表示过去将要发生的动作
将来进行时
将来进行时用于在将来的某一段时间正在发生的动作，或按计划在未来将要进行的动作This time next week she will be working in the company .
现在完成时
表示从过去，但持续到现在的动作，或表示过去发生的动作，但对现在仍留有某种后果和造成影响。He has paid his income tax。
过去完成时
用来表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作，或者表示过去某个时间开始一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作。
He said that the group had written him a letter and asked him to go there for an intervier 。
将来完成时
用来表示在将来某时间以前已经完成的动作
I am sure he will have left Tokyo by this time tomorrow 。
现在完成进行时
表示从过去某一个时间开始一直延续要现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，或者可能要继续进行下去。She has been working in Guangzhou since 1985 。
过去完成进行时
表示过去某个时间以前已经开始而又延续到过去这个时间的动作。可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续。He told me that he had been a teacher of physics for more than twenty years 。
在表示时间或条件关系的主从复合句中，遵照“主将从现”原则，主句用将来时态，从句用现在时态。
被动语态
助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词
含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分辞
短语动词：example takes good care >> taken good care
虚拟语气
用来表示非真实的假设，表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望
条件从句主句
违背现在事实过去式should / would / could / might + 动词原形
If the manager were here , he might make a decision immediately
违背过去事实had + 过去分词should / would / could / might + have + 过去分词
I could have done it better if I had been more careful
违背将来事实should + 动词原形should / would / could / might + 动词原形
were + 动词不定式( were to + 动词原形)
If it should rain tomorrow , what could we do ?
在下列结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气
It is necessary / imperative / important / essential / advisable that
It is proposed / desired / requested / suggested / recommended / demanded / decided / arranged that
混合虚拟句条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，在时间上不一致，动词形式需要调整If you had taken the medicine yesterday , you would be well now。
Suggest , order , ask , demand , command , request , require etc.这些动词的宾语从句用虚拟句，在这些动词后面的宾语从句中，助动词一律是should 。
It is ( It was ) important ，其后的主语从句用虚拟语气，助动词用should 。
It is important that we ( should ) learn computer .
Wish + ( that ) 从句，通常表示不可能实现的愿望。表示现在的动作或状态是，从句中的动词用过去时;表示过去的动作或状态时，从句中的动词用had + 过去分词。
但是，从句中动词用would (might ) + 动词原形时，表示现在或将来有可能实现的愿望
I wish I knew a little contract law . 但愿我知道一点合同法(我不知道)
I wish you would come tomorrow . 我希望你明天能来(有可能来)
As if / as thought 引导的状语从句(或表语从句)中，常用虚拟语气。
如果从句表示的意思与现在事实相反，谓语动词则应使用过去式;
如果从句表示的意思与过去事实相反，谓语动词则使用had + 过去分词的形式。
基本句型
主语+ 谓语动词The two-man spaceship took off this morning 。
主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语The drilling machine is making a hole 。
主语+ 连系动词+ 表语The answer is off the point 。
主语+ 谓语动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语
The new approach has saved us a great deal of time
主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语We like our guests to feel at home 。
常用连词
等立连词：and , so , not only ~ but also , neither ~ now , or , otherwise , either ~ or , but , yet , still , however , while ,whereas, for
常用关联词
主从连词that , whether , if
连接代词who , whom , whose , what , where , which
连接副词when , where , why , how
倒装句
Never , Scarcely , hardly , rarely , little , nowhere , no sooner ~ than , not only , in no case , in no way , on no accoune , at no time , under no circumstances (这些词或词组放在句首作壮语时) There be 句型和大多数的疑问句都是倒装句
Here , there , then , thus 等副词放在句首时，谓语动词为come , be , exist , follow 等不及物动词时，句子一般都为全部倒装Here is a book for you . Here comes the bus .
句首为so , nor , neither 等副词时、表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时，句子为倒装Richard can speak Japanese . So can his sister
在虚拟语气中，非真实条件从句中的连词省略时，句子为倒装。这时，倒装到主语前的助动次had ,should 和动词were 。Had I left a little earlier , I would have missed the train so / nor / neither + 系动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+ 主语
表示前句中谓语所说明的情况也同样适用于后句中的主语，用到装。
He doesn’t like music . Nor / Neither do I .
在Hardly ~~ when 和No sooner ~~ than 以及Not until 的句型中，由于否定词或否定词组放在句首，主句部分中的主、谓要到装———助动词+ 主语+ 动词原形
No sooner had he got well than he left the hospital .
直接引语和间接引语
John said , “I ‘m going to London with my father .”
John said that he was going to London with his father .
一般疑问句变成以if (whether ) 引导的宾语从句
He said , “Have you all understood this passage ?”
He asked the class if they had all understood that passage 。
祈使句变为动词不定式，作ask , tell 等动词的宾语补足语。表示命令时常用tell , order 等;表示请求时常用ask , beg 等动词，原句中的don’t 应变为not 。
The manager said to the clerk , “Be polite to all the clients .”
The manager told the clerk to be polite to all the clients .
如主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原来时态He says , “I am very busy reading the book .”
He says that he is very busy reading the book .
如主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词应发生如下变化：
一般现在时———一般过去时
现在进行时———过去进行时
一般将来时———过去将来时
现在完成时———过去完成时
一般过去时———过去完成时过去完成时不变
直接引语转换成间接引语时，代词一般相应变化如下：
this -- that last week –the week before
therse –those three days ago –three days before
now –then tomorrow –the next day
today –that day next week –the (next ) following week
this week –that week here -- there
yesterday –the day before come –go
介词
at 表示确切的时间点或较短暂的一段时间at two o’clock
in 表示一天中的各部分时间或较长的时间in the morning , in spring , in 1967
on表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午或下午on Sunday , on Monday afternoon
durning 表示一段时间，强调时间的延续durning the Summer vacation
at one time 过去有段时间、从前
at the same time 同时
on time 按时
below 表示低于，温度低于多少度
above 表示高于，温度高于多少度
几个形容词修饰一个名词的时候，排列顺序如下：
好坏、美丑等+ 大小、新旧、颜色+ 质地、属性+ 名词
和前缀a- 组成的形容词只能做表语而不能做定语，afraid , alive , alike ,alone , ashamed , asleep , awake etc.
非谓语动词
forget to do something 忘了而没有做某事
forget doing something 忘了已做过某事
remember to do something 记住了要去做某事
remember doing something 记得已经做过的事情
stop to do something 停下正做的事情去做别的事情
stop doing something 停下手中正在做的事
go on to do something 接下来做另一件事情
go on doing something 继续做一直在做的事情
动词need , want , require 和形容词worth 后，可接动名词的主动形式来表示被动的意义现在分词的被动式与及物动词的过去分词都表示被动：
前者表示被修饰的名词正在承受的行为The problem being discussed is important
后者表示承受过了的行为The problem discussed yesterday was important .
情态动词
must + have + 过去分词，表示对过去的某事做出肯定性的判断;
must + 动词原形，表示对现在的某事作出肯定性的判断。
Need not + have +过去分词表示过去做了本没有必要做的事情
主谓一致(语法一致、意义一致、就近)
谓语动词用单数：
不定式、动名词或名词性结构从句作主语时;
事件、国名、机构名称、作品名称作主语时;
one , every , everyone , everybody , each , one of , many a , either , neither , no one , nobody , anybody ,some body 做主语或修饰主语时;
表示时间、距离、金钱、体积、数字等词语作主语表示总量时;
a person of , a series of , a kind of 等表示一个、一种、一系列等词组用来修饰主语时;
集体名次作主语表示一个整体概念时。
谓语动词用复数
both , few , many , several 等词语作主语或修饰主语时;(some 不一定)
形容词前加定冠词用于泛指一类时;
cattle , people , police , clothes 等名词作主语时;
由and 连接两个主语时;
a number of 修饰主语时。
定语从句
I. 定义：定语是修饰名词或代词的成分,定语可由单词、短语来充当。当用一个句子来充当名词或代词的修饰语时，这种起定语作用的句子就被称为定语从句。
They have a clever son.
Do you know the man over there?
I know the man who wrote the book.
II. 要点：
1. 定语从句的前面都有先行词(被修饰语)
This is the boy whom we are looking for
2. 定语从句应紧跟在先行词之后
3. 先行词与定语从句之间要有关系词(有时可省略)
4. 关系词在定语从句中充当某一成分
The girl who is standing under the tree is my sister.
The man whom you want to see has come.
III. 关系词基本用法
主格宾格所有格
人who whom whose
物which which of which
但that 一般可用来代替who, whom, which,作宾格时可省略
Do you remember the teacher that/who taught us English?
A bookstore is a store that/which sells books.
The man (that/whom/who) you know is a famous professor.
A) that 不能用来替代who, whom, which的两种情况
1)“介词+whom/which”的结构中，不能用that
She is a good student from whom we should learn.
2) 在非限制性定语从句中，逗号后面不能用that
She sang a new song, which we like very much.
注意：非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能省略
B) 用that不用which的一些特殊情况
1) 先行词为all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing等
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
2) 先行词前有形容词最高级修饰
This is the most exciting report that I have ever read.
3) 先行词前有first, last, next, only, very, all, any等词修饰
The first step (that) we are to take is very difficult.
4) 先行词同时含有“人”和“非人”时，用that 不用which，也不用who/whom
He talked about the people and the books that interested him.
C) 关系副词when, where, why
用关系副词when时，它的先行词是表示时间的名词，用where时先行词是表示地点的名词，而用why时它的先行词只可能是reason，使用时应注意以下几点：
1) 关系代词的选择主要是看先行词在从句中所作的成分
This is the city where I was born.
This is the city (which/that) he has visited
I don’t know the reason why she is late.
That is the reason (which/that) everybody knows
Do you still remember the day when he arrived?
Do you still remember the day (that/which) we spent together?
2) 关系副词when,where, why可由“介词+which”的结构来替代
Is this the reason for which they came?
He left the day on which I came.
注意：how 不能用来引导定语从句
This is the way how he did it.
D) As 作关系代词的用法
与the same, such连用
This is the same book as I read last week.
Such books as I have read are classical works.
定语从句练习：
1. The book ______ is yellow was given to me by Mr. Li.
A) it’s cover C) whose cover
B) its cover D) the cover of that
2. Who was the grey-haired old woman ______ at yesterday’s meeting?
A) we saw her C) we saw
B) we saw whom D) she was seen
3. He makes good use of the time ______ he can spare.
A) when C) that
B) in that D) in which
4. I don’t know the room ______
A) where our headmaster lives in
B) our headmaster lives in
C) in that our headmaster lives
D) in which does our headmaster live
5. This is the least interesting book ______
A) which I have ever read C) what I have ever read
B) I have ever read D) which I have ever read
6. You must do everything _____ I have told you to.
A) which B) that C) when D) how
7. Has all _____ can be done _____?
A) what/done C) that/been done
B) that/be done D) what/ already done
8. Oct. 1, 1949 is the day _____ even a small child can well remember.
A) when B) that C) what D) why
9. That was the room ______ they pretended to be working hard.
A) which B) in that C) in which D) that
10. This is the reason ______ I love to read the story.
A) Why B) because C) when D) since
11. She had three sons, all ______ became doctors.
A) of which B) which C) of whom D) who
12. Have you bought the same dictionary ______ I referred to yesterday?
A) that B) which C) what D) as
13. The doctor ______ stepped in.
A) Della was waiting for him
B) whom Della was waiting
C) Della was waiting for
D) who Della was waiting
14. I want to buy such a dictionary _____ you bought last week.
A) that B) what C) like D) as
15. This is the TV station ______ we visited last year.
A) Where B) that C) to which D) in which
16. Do you still remember the days ______ we spent together in Australia?
A) when B) during which C) which D) on which
17. Have you ever asked him the reason _____ may explain his absence?
A) why B) when C) that D) what
18. Mary is good at English and mathematics, ______ we all know very well in our school.
A) that B) what C) / D) as
19. Let’s go and visit Mr. Brown, ______ you know visited us last year.
A) that B) who C) whom D) whose
20. She is pleased with ______ you have given her and ______ you have told her.
A) that/that B) what/that C) what/all what D) all/what
21. I, who ____ your friend, will try my best to help you.
A) be B) am C) are D) is
22. I’ll remember the days and nights ______ we were together in Australia.
A) when B) that C) at which D) at when
23. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A) in that we live C) on which we live
B) where we live in D) we live in
24. This is the most difficult book ______.
A) what I have ever read C) which I have ever read
B) I have ever read it D) that I have ever read
25. There comes a time in every man’s life ______.
A) then he has to think C) when he has to think
B) therefore he has to think D) about which he has to think
26. He spoke confidently, _____ impressed me most.
A) so that B) that C) it D) which
27. He took down a square green bottle, _____ he poured into a dish.
A) its content B) which content C) the content of which D) the content of that
28. It wasn’t such a good dinner _____ she had promised us.
A) that B) which C) as
D) what
29. All _____ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A) what is needed B) for our needs C) the thing needed D) that is needed
30. The goals _____ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A) after which B) for which C) with which D) at which
31. The time is not far away _____ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
A) when B) as C) until D) before
32. The residents, _____ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A) all whose homes B) all their homes
C) all of whose homes D) all of their homes
33. Language is a city, to the building of _____ every human being brought a stone.
A) which B) that C) it D) this
34. You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _____ to suspend your tent.
A) there B) them C) where D) which
35. The mere fact _____ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.
A) what B) which C) that D) why
36. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, _____ up to half will be from overseas.
A) of whom B) for whom C) with which D) in which
37. I’ve never been to Beijing, but it’s the place _____.
A) where I’d like to visit B) I most want to visit
C) in which I’d like to visit D) that I want to visit it most
专升本英语语法重点汇总
专升本英语语法重点汇总 一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等） 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记） 1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别） 2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very important. 4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。） 1、It is difficult to study English wel l. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who） 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important. 3、When was it that he bought a new car 五、倒装句型
河南专升本考试英语语法系列复习专题——动词时态被动语态
一、一般现在时 1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。 2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如： I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there. 3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。 二、现在进行时 1.表示正在进行的动作。 2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。 He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。 3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。 4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget, believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。 三、现在完成时 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room. 2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college. 3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s…这样的一般现在时。) 2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday. 4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如： ——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room. ——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there. 5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work. 四、现在完成进行时 1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：
河南专升本英语语法复习
河南专升本网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/805872349.html, 真诚·用心服务考生 专升本英语语法复习 （雨姐破译） 时态一．一般现在时 一般 + s; 在以 ch, sh, s, x 或 o 结尾的词后 + es (teaches, goes, washes, fixes, guesses); 在以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的词后，变 y 为 i 后再加-es (studies, tries) 1. 表示现在反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 every day, once a week, often, always, usually, sometimes, seldom 等时间状语连用： -We go there twice a month. -Industrial buyers are responsible for supplying the goods and services that an organization required for its operations. (d. required - requires) 2. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等： -He has great concern for others. -Matter exists in three states. 3. 表示客观事物或普遍真理： -Light travels faster than sound. -Japan lies to the east of China. 4. 表示安排或计划好的将来的动作： -The plane takes off at five. 5. 在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作（when, after, before, as soon as, until; if, unless): -If it is fine tomorrow, we will have a football match. -A desert area that has been without water for six years will still bloom when rain will come. (will come - comes) 二．现在进行时 study-studying; come-coming; sit-sitting (forget-forgetting); die-dying 通常不能用于现在进行时的常见动词如下： see, hear, smell, taste, know, find, forget, notice, suggest, be, love, like, want, hope, wish, prefer, hate, understand, remember, believe, have, consist, seem. 1. 表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作： -The students are running to the sports-field. 2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻不一定在进行： -He is writing a novel this year. 3. 可表示将来发生的动作，这一用法常用于 go, come, leave, start 等动词，后面也常用表示较近的将来时间状语，如 tomorrow, tonight, this coming Friday 等，表示安排或计划好的事情： -Those visitors are leaving for Wuhan tomorrow. 4. 用来给习惯性动作加上赞赏或讨厌等感情色彩： -The boy who is sitting beside me is always asking me a lot of whys and hows. -He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window
英语专升本考试重点复习内部资料 (专升本英语语法,词汇,阅读理解、翻译)
语法七大语法考试重点 一独立主格 （一）：独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词)+副词； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 （二）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 二过去完成时 1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。 2）用法 a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t. 3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
专升本英语考点汇总
专升本英语考试题型 试卷题型及分值分布表
语法考点复习 时态与语态 一般现在时: 考点一:表示永恒得真理,即使出现在过去得语境中,仍用一般现在时,如: I learned that the earth goes around the
sun when I was in primary school、 考点二:在时间与条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时代替代替一般将来时;常用得引导词有: until/when/before/as soon as /the moment/if/unless I will not attend the conference if it rains tomorrow、 He won’t know the truth unless you tell him、 现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或者影响仍然存在。有标志性得时间状语; He has open ed the door、 I have bought a puter、
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普通专升本考试英语复习语法练习修订稿
普通专升本考试英语复 习语法练习 Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】
普通专升本考试英语复习资料——语法练习 语法测试 1. When autumn comes， the ______ of trees begin to fall。 A. leafs B. leafes C. leaves D. leaf leaf 的复数形式 leaves 答案 C 2. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man。 A. has B. have C. will D. would never before开头，句子倒装。
主语so many people为复数。 engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。 答案 B 3. Mr. Brown， and not I ， ________ chosen to be the representative of the class。 A. is B. am C. are D. have been 主语 答案 A 4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train。 A. was B. were C. would be D. have been
neither……nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。 答案 A 5. The room is eight _______ long。 A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets foot 英尺，复数形式 feet 答案 C 6. Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesnt need any more。 A. is B. has been C. was D. had been ten days 作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。(注意时态) 答案 A
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专升本英语语法知识归纳(完整版)
一时态和语态：16种表现形式 一、一般现在时（do/does;am/is/are) 考点如下： 1.时间状语： 2.表示客观事实，永恒真理和规律。 必考点1：3.（主将从现）在时间和条件状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时。 考法：If you pass the spoken English test,you will get a chance to go abroad. 解析：考试一般都会给出时间/条件连词，且从句中的时态，让考生们选择主句中的时态。 注意1：如果从句中的时态是do/does,那么主句中是will do/shall do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为am/is/are;这里will do出现的考点频率最高）注意2：如果从句中的时态是did,那么主句中是would do/shouldl do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为was/were;这里would/should do出现的考点频率最高） 2.He_______as soon as he finishes his homework. A.goes to bed B.will goes to bed C.went to bed D.will go to bed 主将从现例题：用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.If he_______(study)harder,he will catch up with us soon. 2.Frank_______(see)a film if he’s free next Saturday. 3.We won’t go to the park if it________(rain)tomorrow. 注意3：主句中暗含一般将来时，从句中仍然用一般现在时（do/does)： 1.the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______ a.will arrive b.arrives c.is arriving d.is going to arrive
成人高考专升本英语语法练习题
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目录 一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态） ? 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 宾语补足语 object complement 表语 predictive 定语 attributive 状语 adverbial WARM-UP：1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there. 以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。 英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语（核心：主动词）
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专升本考试英语语法总结
目录 一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态）......................... 二、不定式................................................ 三、动词的时态和语态...................................... 一般现在时的特例............................................ 一般过去时的注意点.......................................... 一般将来时的注意点.......................................... 四、非谓语动词............................................ 五、复合式谓语............................................ 六、动词的虚拟语气........................................ 七、状语从句 (50) 1、时间状语从句............................................. 2.地点状语从句.............................................. 3、原因状语从句............................................. 4．条件状语从句............................................. 5．让步状语从句............................................. 6．目的状语从句............................................. 7．结果状语从句............................................. 8．方式状语从句............................................. 一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态） ? 主语 subject 谓语 predicate
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普通专升本考试英语复习资料语法练习 Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】
普通专升本考试英语复习资料——语法练习 语法测试 1. When autumn comes， the ______ of trees begin to fall。 A. leafs B. leafes C. leaves D. leaf leaf 的复数形式 leaves 答案 C 2. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man。 A. has B. have C. will D. would never before开头，句子倒装。 主语so many people为复数。 engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。 答案 B 3. Mr. Brown， and not I ， ________ chosen to be the representative of the class。
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