高级英语第2册期末复习资料

Lesson Four Inaugural Address

1. John F. Kennedy: (1917-1963) 35th president of the United States.

*Inauguration: January 20th of every Four years after the Presidential election 2. We observe today not a victory of … as well as change: It is not simply a victory of the Democratic Party over the Republican Party. It celebrates the freedom of people to elect freely their own head of the states. It symbolizes the end of one presidential term and the beginning of a new term.

(The opening sentence is a well-thought-out balanced sentence. Pay attention to the repetition of the phrase “as well as”.)

[antithesis] end -- the end of Eisenhower's presidential term; beginning -- the beginning of Kennedy’s presidential term; renewal ---- the continuation of presidency and office of president; change -- the change from Eisenhower to Kennedy

3. For I have sworn…and three quarters ago:For I have just sworn to become the new president

*solemn oath: the presidential oath, is prescribed in article II, section I of the Constitution of the United States. ( I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will do the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.)Para1: (opening paragraph) importance / significance of his election as president of the US

4. For man holds in his...human life: Man has made great progress in science and technology so he has the power to abolish poverty, but he also has the power to destroy human life.

5. And yet the same revolutionary…hand of God: Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable ([?n'eili?n?b?l] 不可剥夺的) rights which no state or ruler could take away from then. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.

6. We dare not forget… first revolution: We dare not forget that we are the descendents of those who fought the first revolutionary war--- the War of Independence. (Hence we must always bear in mind the beliefs our ancestor fought and died for.)

7. Let the word go forth… and foe alike: Here and now, I would like to tell my friends and my enemies….

8. torch: a figurative use, meaning inspirations and ideals

9. tempered by war: The Americans of the 20th fought two world wars, so they are well tempered.

10. hard and bitter peace: peace but cold war, hence “hard and bitter”

11. to witness or permit the slow undoing:to see or allow the gradual abolishing of

12. This much we pledge---- and more: We promise to do this much and we promise to do more. ( a one sentence paragraph that functions as a transition from the general to the specific. In the following paras he will be addressing different specific groups of nations)

13. United, there is little…co-operative ventures:If we are united and

working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number o joint undertaking.

14.powerful challenge: perhaps Kennedy here is referring to what he thinks to be a strong threat posed by the socialist camp.

15. at odds and split asunder: if we are in disagreement and disunited * split asunder: disunited, split apart

16. To those new states … iron tyranny: Kennedy promise to help the newly independent countries so that they can remain free and independent.

* ranks (队列) of the free: the community of free and independent nations *

a far more iron tyranny: a Communist dictatorship (专政)

17. those who foolishly … ended up inside: Those countries which foolishly seek the help of socialist countries will end up by losing their independence as many other countries did in the past. [metaphor] comparing “seeking the aid of socialist countries” to “riding the back of a tiger”

18. those peoples in… mass misery: referring to the poor and backward people in Africa and Asia struggling to free themselves from poverty and suffering

*half the globe: referring to the continents of Africa and Asia because they constitute almost one half of the land surface of the earth

19. help them help themselves: help them only if they also do their bit (In other words they must cooperate with us, do what we ask them to do.)

20. If a free society … who are rich: If the poor are continuously exploited and oppressed, they will rise up some day and overthrow the ruler. (In a sense Kennedy is right.)

21. in a new alliance for progress: to work together once again as allies ([?'lai] （二战时的）同盟国) to promote progress

22. But this peaceful …of hostile powers:We will not allow any enemy country to subvert (颠覆) this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.

23. And let every … its own house: And let every country know the nations of this hemisphere will not tolerate any interference in their affairs by countries outside this hemisphere. [metaphor] comparing the Americans to a house 24. to prevent it from …for invective: to prevent the United Nations form becoming an assembly where people just criticize and abuse each other

25. the new and the weak: the newly independent and the weak nations

26. We dare not tempt them with weakness: We dare not be weak because it might tempt the enemy to take rash actions. So we must arm ourselves.

27. two great and powerful groups of nations: One group headed by Soviet Union and the other group headed by the U.S.

28. both sides overburdened … the deadly atom: Both sides are feeling the great financial burden of the arms race and both sides are alarmed by the growing of atomic weapons.

*deadly atom: the terrible atomic weapons or bombs

29. yet both racing to alter…mankind’s final war: yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind’s final war.

*balance of terror: a balance of military power---the power to destroy each other and mankind

*stays the hand: [synecdoche提喻/metonymy] (a part for the whole) restrains people or nations

*mankind’s final war:A third world war would be mankind’s last war because it will destroy mankind.

30. sincerity is always subject to proof:one’s sincerity must be proved by facts.*be subject to: 常遭受…；从属于be subjected to:受到…；经受…31. Let both sides explore … divide us: Let us try to find out where we agree and where we can cooperate instead of wasting our time quarreling over things we disagree on.

32. Let both sides seek to invoke … its terrors: Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do. / Let both sides try to use science to produce good and beneficial things for man instead of employing it to bring frightful destruction.

33. tap the ocean depths: to make use of the wealth that lies deep in the oceans

34. if a beachhead of… the jungle of suspicion: if a little bit of cooperation can lessen the deep suspicion that exists on both sides

[metaphor] a small beginning of cooperation compared to a beachhead and deep suspicion to a jungle.

35. a new endeavor: a new earnest effort

36. the strong are just: the strong nations do not bully the weak.

37. each generation of Americans…national loyalty:Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country.

38. the graves of young Americans…the globe: There are graves of young Americans on all parts of the world. They fought and died for country when they were called upon to do so.

39. Now the trumpet summons us again: Now our country is calling on us once more (to fight and die for it).

40. twilight struggle: an unclear struggle but which might become dangerous with the passage of time 艰苦的斗争

* twilight: faint half-light before sunrise or after sunset (日出前或日落后的) 微明，薄暮；(adj) 昏暗的，微明的；暮年的

41. rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation:to be happy when things look bright and hopeful, to be patient in distress (This phrase is quoted from the Bible. That’s why they are in quotation marks.)

42. Can we forge … East and West: Can we (together with the nations of the world) form an alliance in every part of the world to fight against tyranny, poverty, disease and war?

43. a more fruitful life: a more productive and prosperous life

44. The energy, the faith…who serve it:The energy, the faith and the devotion that the Americans bring to this task will inspire not only the United States and her people but also the whole world. (我们从事这一事业的那种精力、信念和献身精神将照耀我们的国际和一切为此出力的人们。)

*us: the President of the United States and the members of his cabinet

*you: people of America and the world

45. ask of us here the same… ask of you: Demand us the same high standards of strength and sacrifice that we demand of you here. （请以我们在此要求你们的那种力量和牺牲的高标准反过来要求我们。）

46. With a good conscience…be our own: [Biblical style] With God’s blessing and help, let us start leading the country we love, knowing that on earth we must do what God wants us to do. Let history finally judge whether we have done our task well or not, but our sure reward will be a good conscience for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.

Main idea of each paragraph

Para1:(opening paragraph) importance / significance of his election as president of the US

Para.2: the general situation of this world (topic sentence---The world is very different)

Para.3:general policy of the US (People in the US must keep and defend human rights not only in the US but also in the world as well.)

Para.4:strong determination (Kennedy forcefully declares his determination. He puts the US to the leader, so he says in order to keep human rights, we shall....)

Para 5. Transition (A one sentence paragraph that functions as a transition from the general to the specific. In the following paragraphs he will be addressing different specific groups of nations.)

Para. 6:the specific policy toward his friends and would-be friends. He promises to give them Faithful friendship.

Para.7: He is addressing some newly independent countries. He promises to give them economic aid but warns them not to go over to the Communists. Para.8: He is addressing the third world developing countries. He also promises to give them aid.

Para.9: He is speaking to Latin American countries---all the countries lying to the south of the U.S. (Usually the US regards the Latin American countries as the backyard of the US, for it has special interest in these countries.)

Para.10: He is addressing the United Nations. Kennedy pledges his support to the United Nations.

Para.11: He is speaking to the enemies, especially the Soviet Union. He request/appeal that both sides begin the search for peace again.

Para.12: He points out position of strength (We must be very strong. If we are weak, they would attract us. We dare not be weak because it might tempt the enemy to take rash actions.)

Para.13: He point out present world situation---cold war. (Both sides are feeling the great financial burden of the arms race. Both are made conscious of the gradual spread of the terrible atom bombs.

Para.14-20: He puts forward co-operation proposals---control arms, use /develop science for peace purpose instead of the war purpose, enjoy human rights, work together to make a new world order (strong are just, weak secure).

Para.21-26:He appeals to his fellow Americans to support him and to do everything they can, even to sacrifice their lives for their country. (Para.24 He deliberately exaggerates the sense of urgency and he wants to make people feel that they are sacrificing for an important and glorious cause.)

para 27: conclusion. He calls on the people of the whole world to unit and work for the freedom of men.

Organizational Pattern / Structure

Part I(1-5): Introduction ---the general statement of the basic policy of the US Part II (6-10): He addresses different groups of allied nations and would-be allied nations; friends and would-be friends. His specific policy towards them Part III (11-20): His specific policy toward the enemy. Kennedy points out the destructive power of a war and puts forward proposals for arms control negotiation, cooperation in fields of science and space exploration.

Part IV (21-27): conclusion---He calls on his fellow Americans to support him and to be ready to do everything they can, even to sacrifice their lives for their country. He calls on the people of the whole world to unit and work for the freedom of men.

《大学英语1》期末考试综合复习资料

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后方法时代高级英语课程教学

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第一关：Name________ These are my fish. They are small.这些是我的鱼，它们是小的。 Look! That is her fish. Her fish is big!看，那是她的鱼，她的鱼是大的。 This is my fish. My fish is big.这是我的鱼，我的鱼是大的。 This is our fish. Our fish is big.这是我们的鱼，我们的鱼是大的。 Is that their fish? Wow! Their fish is big. 那是他们的鱼吗？哇，他们的鱼是大的。 第二关： When is Christmas? ---It is in winter. 圣诞节是什么时候？是在冬天。 What do you get at Christmas? ---We get presents. 你圣诞节能得到什么？我们能拿到礼物。 How many presents do you get? ---- I get some. 你得到多少礼物？我得到一些。 Whose present is this? ---- It is Bob's. 这是谁的礼物？它是Bob的。 Where can we buy flowers? ----In a flower shop. 我们在哪里能买到花？在花店里面。 第三关： Peter is going to be home at 8:00.He is going to go to the park at 9:00. He will come back to the library at 10:00. He is going to go to the supermarket at 11:30. He is going to see Tony at 1:15. He is going to have his lunch in a fast food shop at 3:00 in the afternoon. 第四关： Chinese New Year is coming. I’m very excited. I’m going to clean the house before Chinese New Year Day. On Chinese New Year Day I’m going to put on my new clothes and visit family and friends. I’m going to say “Happy New Year” to them and get some lucky money from them. We are going to eat a big dinner together. It’s going to be lots of fun. 第五关： Mother: Koko, do you like sandwiches? Koko: Yes, I do. And I like hamburgers and fries, too. Mother: What do you like to drink? Koko: I like orange juice. What about you, Mark? Mark: Oh! I like cake and fries. I like drinking juice, too. Koko: Do you like fries and juice, too, Pat? Pat: I like juice but I don’t like fries. My favourite food is hamburgers and sandwiches. Koko, Pat, Mark: What about you, Mum? Mother: I like Chinese food. I’d like a bowl of noodles and a cup of tea. Koko：Oh! I see.