英文翻译
我们今年这个双年展，
Our biennale this year
其实在形式上，在整个感觉上
is very close to standard international biennale
已经接近了标准的国际双年展。
in both form and overall quality.
为什么我们要在尺度那么巨大的广场上
The reason we put so much interesting projects
搞这么多有趣的作品
on this large square
去吸引老百姓来到广场，
is to mobilize people
动员他们来参与这个双年展，
to come to the square
其实我们的目标是针对普罗大众，动员他们来到广场之后and participate in the biennale
接触到我们在出版物里面的一些思想，
so that they are exposed to the ideas
或者说每个作品背后的思想，
in our publications and these projects.
这些思想跟我们所说的
These ideas are related to the new model of civil politics
新的公民政治的模型是有关系的。
that we mentioned before.
(展场设计梁井宇)
(Liang Jingyu
Exhibition Designer)
然后人看着…这样
Then people go through the projects like this.
对对对
Right.
(分策展人之一姚嘉善)
(Pauline J. Y ao
Curator)
这个展场其实并不是一个真的展场，
Actually this place is not a formal exhibition hall.
它这个地方你就可以看到这个轴线
This is an underground traffic corridor,
实际上是一个从市民中心到水晶岛的
and at the same time the axis,
一个地下交通走廊，
that connects the Civic Centre and Crystal Island.
上面正好是市民广场。
The Civic Square is right above this hall.
所以第一个我们面临的挑战
Our first challenge
是怎么把一个这样的
is to change this place,
不太适合做展场
which is not designed for exhibition itself
但是空间又比较适合做展场的空间
though its space is suitable for exhibition,
改造成一个临时的双年展的展场，
to a temporary exhibition hall for the biennale.
其中一个是做的光线的调整，
One of the changes is adjusting the light.
第一个是把色温重新调整过来，
First of all is adjusting the color temperature.
那么当然也有的他有些作品
Some of the artists are inspired by the space
在看到这个场地以后他有自己的想法，
and then come up with their projects.
你比如说像这个T恤衫，像这个水面，
These T-shirts and this water are examples.
其实呢，
Actually,
水面他不知道上面会有T恤衫，
the water does not know there will be T-shirts above.
T恤衫也不知道下面会有水面，
Neither do the T-shirts know there will be water below. 那么我们实际上呢就在考虑
By doing things like putting these two projects together, 作品和作品之间怎么能
we are trying to make all the projects in this space
在这个空间里面互动。
interact with each other.
这个展厅和第一个展厅不太一样，
Now this hall is a little different from the first one.
第一个展厅比较亮，
The first hall is brighter.
你可以看到中间天光
Y ou may see that we do not block all the daylight
我们并没有完全挡住，
that coming through the glass ceiling.
这个展厅就是
However, the light of this hall
忽明忽暗的，
is bright in a part and dark in another part.
因为有些作品需要暗环境。
That’s because some of the projects need a dark environment.
然后第三个刚才孔雁讲的
The third thing is what Anna said
这个与参展作品相关的一些情况
a little time before about the projects.
硬件方面呢吴昕你要负责
V eronica will be in charge of the hardware part.
明天要去益田开会
Both of you should go
你们俩可能都需要去
to attend the meeting in Y itian.
（志愿者米兰）
(Mi Lan
V olunteer)
然后跟我们区域城管办联系，
We contacted with the Urban Management Bureau of our district about this issue. 他说这个要市城管局批，
They told us that they need the permission of the city bureau.
所以这个我就想，
Now that the officer of the city bureau
因为今天市城管局也有领导来，
is here today,
能不能通融一下，
I’m wondering if you can make a convenience for us.
那个横幅双年展也专门设计的
The banner has been designed specially for the biennale.
其实也不难看也挺好看的，
It’s good-looking. It wo n’t be bad for the appearance of the city.
就在天桥上在双年展的展览期间
Can we hang it on the overpass
我们悬挂一下，可不可以。
during the exhibition?
城管的领导怎么样？
Officer of the Urban Management Bureau?
哪个位置啊？
What’s the exact location?
就是后海大道跨海德二道天桥。
It’s the overpass of the Houhai Rd. crossing the Haide 2nd St.
是要几个地方？
How many places do you need?
就一个地方，两面。
Only one overpass. Two sides of it.
这个地方到时候我们知会一下区域城管
Okay. We will tell the district bureau about it.
哎对对对，太好了谢谢。
Thank you so much.
这个也不要报批了，
And do not submit written materials to apply for using the overpass. 啊不报了啊，那最好了。
Y es. That would be great.
因为已经发了通告了我们也不好批，
Technically, it cannot be permitted.
但是呢监管的时候
But we will tell
南山区城管局监管，
the Urban Management Bureau of Nanshan district
我们通知他们……
to make an exception for you.
人手问题，就是希望你们团队和办公室
The curator team and the committee office
尽快商量一个人手需求的
should come up with a detailed scheme
详细方案，详细的要求。
about the manpower needs as soon as possible.
人手问题呢我想是可以
We have several resources
分几个层面去解决的，
for the manpower.
一个是通过我们内部的，
One of the resources is the government agency,
现在我们机关包括直属单位内部，
including the units directly under the agency.
这是可以去挖掘的，
They are under our charge.
甚至包括一些临时抽调也是可能的。
We may temporarily transfer some people from there.
另外一个就是通过我们还有协会，
Another resource is the NGOs
像类似筑博这样的机构，
like Zhubo.
就是说不是我们直管
They have enthusiasm and
但是他们也热心这个事，
people of ability for the biennale.
也有人才，
Although they are not under our charge,
那么也可以给予支持。
they will support us.
所以这几个事的话还是
About this issue,
你们团队跟办公室
the team and the office,
拿出个具体的东西出来，
you need to give me a detailed scheme.
要什么东西，怎么解决。
What you need and how to meet the demand. 你们差的那个，
Mr. Sun has solved
孙院长订了就订下来，
the problem you had before.
包括刚才讲的
The work and life necessities
他们团队工作和生活的一些必需的东西，
for our people
你们也要拿出一个方案来。
should also have detailed scheme.
反正总的原则我就要求
All in all, my ultimate require is
要很好的解决他们的
to make our people feel comfortable here
工作和生活的问题，
both at work and in life.
不要让他们觉得呆在这里难受，
Their problems of work and life
那就不行了。
should be well settled.
（双年展组委会秘书长许重光）
(Xu Chongguang
Secretary General of the Organizer Committee) 人在那个里面
People will be inside there.
交响乐团呢？
What about the symphony orchestra?
交响乐团就在屏幕的旁边
It’s right beside the screen.
我们今年展览的口号是
Our project tagline this year is
“城市动员”。
BYOB, bring your own biennale.
整个双年展是根据
The whole biennale is based on
一个完整的的教育过程来组建的，
a whole education process,
包括有很多实验性的项目，
taking a lot of experimental projects,
在建立香港和深圳的
and really trying to work very hard on building up
双城文化关系上
what Hong Kong and Shenzhen’s
下了很多功夫，
bi-city cultural relationship can be,
同时也在香港
and at the same time
为群众与很多有创意的项目
creating a wider audience of creative projects in Hong Kong 创造了更宽广的接触面。
for people to participate in.
教育应该为文化生产的发展和深化
How do we consider education to contribute
作出怎样的贡献，
to the development and deepening of cultural production
你认为应该以什么样的形式
and in that sense what form do you think it should take
作出贡献？
as well of education link to culture?
要鼓励学生自我质疑，
To encourage self-questioning,
自主思考，自主研究，
self-thinking, self-studying,
这样当学生出来社会时，
so it goes students when they come out
对文化的观点就不一定是老师的思想，
cannot necessarily produce my(teacher’s) version of culture 而可以产生自己的
but can ask their own question
关于文化是什么的思想。
about what should culture be.
要我说大部分香港市民
For Hong Kong I would say most of the citizens
并没有真正意识到
are not really aware of
深圳是一个正在崛起的实体，
this Shenzhen as a rising entity,
并且很可能是比他们大的实体。
and probably bigger than they are.
深圳仍然是
Shenzhen is still the place
他们去买廉价产品的地方。
that they go buy cheap products.
公共空间在香港
Public space is a huge issue
已经成为了一个严重的问题。
in Hong Kong right now.
艺术家缺少公共空间，
And among the artists,
公众也缺少公共空间，
in among the people,
除了那些可以控制城市空间的人，
among everybody pretty much
几乎所有人都缺少公共空间。
but the people who control space.
而且我想人们已经开始感觉到
And I think that people have begun to feel
开发商的压榨。
the squeeze of developers.
也感觉到了城市管理中，
And that kind of em…
不能说是用尽邪恶的手段追求利益，
I wouldn’t say evil,
那样可能太过了，
that’s so much,
但确实是唯利是图。
but really heartless profit oriented government of the city.
深圳正深刻的感受到
Shenzhen has deep sense of crisis
她正在失去经济特区的身份。
that it is losing the status as a special economic zone.
所有曾经只属于经济特区的特殊政策。
All the special policies
现在都已经几乎普及了整个中国
have become common phenomena all over China.
97年的时候，
When in 97,
香港回归中国，
Hong Kong went back to China
但是比这更重要的似乎是
but it’s like to be what was more important is that
人们停止移居外地了。
people stop leaving Hong Kong.
97年以前，
Before 97,
香港是个卖出去的地方，
the place that sold by there
很多人都试图
everybody is trying to
离开香港到加拿大定居，
get their feet out to go and live in Canada
就像农村的人
because it’s much more easy or
想要搬到城里住一样。
it’s possible that get out of town.
结果回归以后停止了。
That stopped.
现在世界各地的华人都回到香港，
People are now going back from all over the world
香港变成了中国
to make Hong Kong
最适合居住的城市之一。
one of the best cities within China to live in.
这个让我想到了，
That reminds me of the people who
49年后跟蒋介石到台湾，
followed Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan in 1949.
有很多人就这样子过了50年。
They lived through these 50 years ordinarily.
那香港不一样，
But it’s different in Hong Kong.
当初一大堆上海人跑到香港去，
A lot of people in Shanghai went to Hong Kong at that time.
一个上海人最少是两种人，
Therefore, everyone has two identities.
他是广东人，他讲广东话，
One can be Shanghai people, and at the same time,
他也是上海人。
as he speaks Cantonese, he can also be Cantonese.
所以我觉得就刚才朱涛讲的
Therefore, based on what Zhu Tao said about
这个全球化地域化的问题，
the globalization and localization problem,
我郑重的敦促各位——
I sincerely urge everybody -
深圳我不晓得人口比例是多少啦，
Although I have no idea what the population of Shenzhen is, 我相信也相当多
it can’t be small.
——对于当初的新安县，
- No matter how much of
我们也应该对这里面的文化，
the material and immaterial
不管是实质的，就是physical，
legacy is left,
能够留下多少痕迹，
we should show more respect
或者是在生活文化上面，
in regards to the culture of
放更多的尊重，我觉得是很必要的。
the former Xin’an County.
我们现在示范一下一个动作，
We are now going to show you a posture.
这样你要找一个人，
Y ou need one more people.
不然永丰上来好啦，
Then Y ong-feng should come.
四个人就可以了。
Four will be enough.
在那个DA，或什么重要的会议，结束的时候，
At the end of the important meeting,
所有的领导人，
the leaders of different countries
欧巴马或者才切尔夫人或什么，
such as Mr. Obama and Lady Thatcher
都要拍一幅很奇怪的照片，
will always take a strange photograph together.
那个动作就是说
The hand in hand posture they make is meant to show
大家同心协力，手牵手，
that everyone unite in a concerted effort.
但是这个手牵手的动作很奇怪，
But this posture is funny.
他们都是看到原住民这样围圈圈跳舞，
They think this hand in hand posture
手拉手这个动作非常好，
which the natives make in their circle dance is very good.
但是我们就来看一下这个所谓的，
Now, let me show you
文化的差异多大。
how deep the gap is between different cultures.
那我做一个动作，
This posture we are making now
错误的示范，
is a wrong example.
这是我们看到的照片都是这个样子对不对，
It’s what we see in the photograph.
我们现在示范一下正确的动作。
Now let’s do the right one.
不是，你错了。
Y ou’re wrong.
这是正确的动作，这样才能跳舞啊，对不对。
This is the right posture, a dancing posture.
这样跳什么舞。
How can one dance like this?
然后，efmensure这个词呢基本上是从希腊语里出来的，This word comes from Greek.
他的意思就是说
The meaning is
在一个很短暂的时间内我怎么样子存留，
how I preserve in a very short period of time.
所以，所有的主题基本上就是
Therefore, the content is mainly about
介绍当代中国的
cities and social changes
城市状况和社会变动的状况。
in contemporary China.
因为我们中国从改革开放以来，
Since the policy of reform and open up,
基本上是在逐渐出现全球化的背景底下，
China has gradually joined into the globalization.
我们慢慢发现，
We have discovered,
这个里头有，
especially from the relativism point of view,
特别是从相对主义来说，
that there is something in the globalization
跟中国传统的公共生活空间产生的
which conflicts with the traditional Chinese idea of public space.
一个裂缝性的东西，
The conflict results in some other thing which is like a crack in the wall.我们记录的主题主要是社会的现实性，
The theme of our records is the reality of the society,
和我们作为一个中国人，
and as a Chinese,
对传统也好，对未来也好，
the collective imagination
现在基本上有的一个集体式的想象。
n of both the past and the future.
其实建筑，作为一种职业来说，
As a profession,
其实他有一点问题，
architecture itself has a little problem.
因为我们传统的建筑，
The traditional conception of the building
他永远是建，而很少有拆。
has always been building up instead of pulling down.
建是永远被认为是一种正当的行为，
Building up has always been a right deed,
可是拆永远会被批评或者是什么。
while pulling down been taken negatively.
可是作为建筑来说，
However,
就像一个人来说我们有出生必然有死亡，
just like the process of a human life
只有出生死亡这样一个过程
which can only be fulfilled by
才能完成他的生命的全过程，
having both birth and death,
那我们这里面应该有一块叫逆建筑，
there should be a branch in architecture called “unbuilding”,
不是反建筑，是逆建筑。
not “anti-building”, but “unbuilding”
（外语）
这是我们的口号：
This is our slogan:
为流动人民服务。
Serve the Mobile People.
我后面这个蛋是叫KTV 房子，
This egg behinds me is KTV House.
里面是可以唱KTV的，
Y ou may do karaoke inside.
外面是绿色的草，
The outer layer is made out of grass.
有很多隐喻，大家可以自己去理解。
There are a lot of metaphors for people to find out.
这个作品叫“不速之客”。
The work is called the Unasked Guest.
这是一个具有互动性的装置。
It’s an interactivity installation.
目的是为了激发
It means to trigger people to
人们与周围环境的互动，
get more into interaction with the surrounding.
也是为了测量某个地方
But it’s also kind of to measure
人们之间的互动性。
the interactivity of a place.
这个作品很成功。
So it succeeds.
就像你刚才看到的，
As you can see a little time before,
所有这些充气的体积表示
all of these volumes been inflated means
大家是非常，呃，喧嚣的，
people are really… they’re really kind of noisy and 他们想要也喜欢和环境互动。
they want to interact with the surrounding.
我们在这个地方做的作品
So what we've done in the corner of this site is
其实代表着一幅深圳的地图。
actually to represent the map of Shenzhen,
这是深圳的鸟瞰图。
the aerial view of Shenzhen.
它表示了这个地方
And it’s sort of relationship in size
和周围地区在面积上的关系。
to the rest of the plot in this area.
它主要是用来卖东西或者提供食物。
It was mainly used for selling products, or to offer food ect.
当我们为深圳这座
As we are amazed
高速城市感到惊奇的同时，
by this fast story city,
我们也问自己可不可以
we are asking ourselves
在公共空间中放置一种新功能的拖车。
if we could put kind of a machine for new functions in public space, 这些拖车能够很灵活的适应
which are very flexible, and good generate situations in urban contexts 城市在各种不同的时间和地点下
where there are all the factions of the em… not all the city
产生的复杂情境。
in specific partitions and time situations.
这些拖车的主要任务
So their main content
其实是鼓励人们
was really to
进行即兴的，非正式的活动
take the tolation of informal activities and tactics
并且由此产生一种新的集体娱乐氛围。
and to pull it in another direction.
后面这件作品她的名字叫“蹦乐”，
就“向上蹦”的“蹦”，
“音乐”的“乐”，“蹦乐”。
This work behinds me is called Danser la Musique.
这件作品是旅法中国艺术家
It is created by
陈箴先生创作的。
Chinese-French artist Chen Zhen.
在2000年，
The work won a prize in Rome
也是在他病危的时候，
in 2000,
这件作品在罗马得了奖。
at a time in which he was very ill and in danger.
不幸的是
Unfortunately,
陈箴先生在这个同时呢
Mr. Chen has gone
他就去世离开了我们。
by the time this work being displayed here.
这个作品里我们想用各种材料和产品
The project is about making the world,
搭建出我们生活的世界。
within which we live,
我们使用的材料和产品
out of materials and products
在结束了它们
which condemn develop a life
作为世界的一部分的使用寿命之后，
after the usefulness is over
又会开始一个新的使用寿命。
as the built world.
这个作品是我们和
In this particular project we collaborated with
美国洛杉矶Apparel公司合作的，
the company in America called American Apparel, 这是一间服装公司。
which makes garments in Los Angeles.
我们把所有的材料从洛杉矶船运过来。
We shipped all the materials here from Los Angeles. 这个作品几乎全部是由
This project is comprised almost entirely of
T恤、背心和其他服装商品构成的。
T-shirts, tank tops, and other articles of clothing.
等展出结束的时候，
After the project is finished,
所有的衣服都将已经作为礼物
all of the clothing will be given away
送给深圳和香港的人们。
as a gift to people in Shenzhen and Hong Kong.
这件作品是一个装置。
It’s a project of installation.
我们想象出一个原始的建筑，
We imagine a primitive architecture,
一个有机的建筑，
an organic architecture
她看起来就像是来造访
which looks like
我们的充满人工智能的世界。
visiting our artificial world.
她看起来就像外星生物，
She looks like an alien,
像一个地球的观察者。
an observer in our world.
可以在中国展示这个装置
We are very proud
我们感到很骄傲。
to do it here in china.
这个作品最初是在巴西设计的。
This project that we first design in Brazil and now we are here in China. 首先，她是有感情的。
First of all it’s emotion.
我们并不是盲目地追求原始，
We are not only looking for something adivashly,
我们追求的是一种情感，
we are looking for something emotion,
原始的情感。
primitive emotion.
制作这个生物的目的是
What I think is the goal of this creature is
在一个非常现代化，
to build a primitive architecture
充满光鲜的镜面和钢铁制品的城市中
in a city very modern,
建造一个原始的建筑物。
a city of glasses, of steel.
我们把这个
We have this
用简单的材料人工制作的东西
man-made thing with simple things
放在众多镜面的摩天大楼之中，
in front of all the things, towers, glass.
这也是生物，这也是生物，
This is creature and this is creature.
两种截然不同的生物
We have those two kinds of creatures
在同一个地方相遇，
in the same place.
我们追求的就是这种冲突，
We are looking for this meeting
并且借由这种碰撞产生更多的反思。
and the thinking we are going to make on that.
如此高密度的城市中心里面，
In an urban center with such a high population density,
人口如此的密集
although there are so many people,
但实际上人跟人之间几乎没有交流。
there is hardly any communication between each other.
我们想的就是
What we would like to do is
在这样一个城市沙漠的背景下
to build a place for people to communicate
做一片人交流的地方。
in such an urban desert.
我们称之为沙漠绿洲，
We call it Urban Oasis
中文的名字叫作“沙笼”。
The Chinese name is Shalong, which means sands and cage. 实际上“沙龙”的意思就是
“Shalong” is also the Chinese translation of “salon”
咱们大家交流，
which means let’s communicate.
当然也扣我们这个主题，
It literally describes our work:
就是一个笼子在沙滩上。
A cage on the beach.
做这件事的角度又非常中国，
It’s a Chinese style work
而且传统的中国思维方式，
created by traditional Chinese mindset.
但是形成的却不再是一个传统的木屋啊，
However, the result is no longer tradition.
比如一个很具象的，
It’s abstract
这里面很抽象，
rather than figural.
所以它就像DNA一样的，
That’s why it looks like DNA.
实际上表达的是
It conveys the meaning of
文化的连续性，
evolution of the culture
文化的演变。
and also the continuity of the culture.
我觉得这是我们的一个思考。
That’s what we have been thinking about.
这是献给劳动人民，
It’s a tribute to the working force or working people,
也是给劳动的动物们的作品。
in this case also working animals
他们让一切变得可能，
that help make everything possible,
像是桌上的食物，
like food on the table,
摩天大楼，都有他们的功劳。
skyscrapers.
它的名字叫“雪牛站”
And it’s called snow buffalo
而不是“水牛站”
rather than water buffalo
是因为这是一件关于记忆的作品，
because it’s a work that deals a lot with memory.
“雪牛”是一个
It’s a bit of fairy tale
关于造访城市的童话故事里的。
about visit to a city.
在美国有一个很有名的公牛，
In the United States, there’s a very famous bull
那是股票交易市场的公牛。
which is the stock exchange bull.
而且据我所知
And as I understand
在深圳公牛也代表牛市，
in Shenzhen the bull also meant to represent a bull market, or a finance, sort of power, you know. 我这个牛跟那些是不一样的，
This bull is not about that.
这个牛是一头在稻田里耕作的牛。
This bull is a bull that works on the field like on the rice field.
而且这头牛是包含着很多记忆，
nd it’s a bull that inside is full of memory,
很多热切的期望的，
Afull of aspirations, you know,
比如人们在工作着，
things that people do,
期待着更加美好的未来生活。
hoping to make their lives better.
这头牛更多的是关于自行车，
This bull is more about bicycles
而不是法拉利或者梅赛德斯。
than it is about Ferraris or Mercedes.
它比之于股市的公牛，
This bull is -
虽然只是自行车，
to the stock exchange bull
但也像法拉利一样，
- like a tricycle,
是一部时尚而昂贵的靓车。
is too an expensive fashion car.
这就是我对于我的作品的感想。
That’s how I feel it.
有趣的点就是
The interesting thing is
每一个团体会有完全不同的反应，
that there will be totally different responses in different groups.
就是说同样的一条带子
The same tape,
在不同的团体产生出来的声音
when used in different groups,
跟他们面对的状况
or in the same group with different social contexts
跟他们团员之间互动的状况
or with different level of interaction among the member of the group, 会导致出声音完全不同的结果。
will result totally differently.
所以我叫他叫作“声音的社会测量”。
That’s why I call it Social Measurement through Sound.
双年展的部分
During the biennale,
我们会做成一个圆形的投影仪幕，
we will use six projection screens to form a circle.
然后把深圳的六个表演团体
Each video of the six performing groups in Shenzhen,
包括深圳乐曲社，
including Shenzhen Music Group,
然后客家山歌社，
Hakka Folk Song Group,
然后深圳基督堂，
Shenzhen Christ Church,
然后深圳中学管弦乐团，
Shenzhen Middle School Orchestra
还有另外两个团体目前还没有定。
and the other two groups which we have not decided yet,
然后这六个团体的录影
will be project on
会投影在一个圆形的萤幕上，
one of the six screens.
观众进入之后就有六个团体的
The audience will see six visions
六个影像然后六个声音，
and hear six sounds of the six groups.
你如果站在这个圆形的中间的话
If one stands in the middle of the circle,
你会听到六个声音混音在一起，
he will hear a sound mixes by six.
如果你靠近那个影像的话
If one move towards one of the videos
你就会比较听到个别的声音。
he will hear a separate sound.
我叫刘国沧，
My name is Liu Kuo-Chang.
我来自于台湾台南。
I come from Tainan, Taiwan.
这个作品叫作深圳市民广场蓝图，
The work is called Shenzhen Civic Square Blueprint.
这个其实是我们一系列蓝图的
It is part of a series of work
城市空间的创作。
which is making blueprint for different urban space.
这次的深圳市民广场蓝图我们其实是希望在现在新的建设，Through the new design of the square,
抬高的这个地面，
for example the raised floor,
可以让大家去增加更多的想象，
we are trying to enrich people’s imagination about this place.
包含从作品可以看到，
In the blueprint you may see
下方是有树，从底下长上来，
there are trees growing from beneath.
然后从上头也可以看得到
Y ou may also see
下面的人现在的书城空间，
the book mall,
可是现在书城空间里头我们画出来的
though what we have drawn in it is
其实是市民的生活空间，
the public space where the citizens live.
看得到很多摊贩啊，
It shows the contexts of the vendors selling different things,
大家可以在树下乘凉聊天的情景。
and people enjoying the cool under the trees, chatting with each other.
（2009年12月4日，香港展场开幕。）
(December 4th, 2009
Hong Kong biennale begins)
（西九龙海滨长廊）
(West Kowloon Waterfront Promenade)
（2009年12月6日17时南山分展场开幕）
(December 17th, 2009
Nanshan A venue biennale begins)
Good evening ladies and gentlemen.
Thank you for attending tonight’s opening ceremony of the
2009 Shenzhen&Hong Kong Bi-city Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture. （分策展人侯唯唯）
(Curator Wei Wei Shannon)
（双年展组委会执行主任唐杰）
(Tang Jie
Executive Dirctor of the Organizer Committee)
我谨代表深圳市政府
On behalf of the Shenzhen Municipal Government
和双年展组委会
and biennale organizer committee,
向前来参加本次双年展开幕式的
I wish to extend a warm welcome
各位领导嘉宾专业人士媒体及有关机构的代表
and express our heartfelt thanks
表示热烈的欢迎和衷心的感谢
to all of you.
It’s really a great honor for Hong Kong
非常荣幸能够代表香港
化学专业英语(修订版)翻译
01 THE ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 01 元素和元素周期表 The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z. 质子的数量在一个原子的核被称为原子序数,或质子数、周淑金、电子的数量在一个电中性原子也等于原子序数松山机场的总质量的原子做出很近的总数的质子和中子在它的核心。这个总数被称为大量胡逸舟、中子的数量在一个原子,中子数,给出了a - z的数量。 The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. T o the chemist the "kind" of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of the English name consisting of one or two letters, for example: 这个术语是指元素,一个纯物质与原子组成一个单一的善良。在药房“客气”原子的原子数来确定它,因为它的性质是决定其化学行为。目前所有原子和Z = 1 a到Z = 107是知道的;有107种化学元素。每一种化学元素起了一个名字和独特的象征。对于大多数元素都仅仅是一个象征的英文名称缩写形式,一个或两个字母组成,例如: oxygen==O nitrogen == N neon==Ne magnesium == Mg
美国大学校名英文缩写
美国大学校名英文缩写 英文缩写英文全称中文全称 AAMU Alabama A&M 阿拉巴马农业机械大学ADELPHI Adelphi University 艾德菲大学AMERICAN American University 美国大学 ANDREWS Andrews University 安德鲁大学 ASU Arizona State University 亚利桑那州立大学AUBURN Auburn University 奥本大学 -B- BAYLOR Baylor University 贝勒大学 BC Boston College 波士顿学院 BGSU Bowling Green State University 博林格林州立大学BIOLA Biola University 拜欧拉大学BRANDEIS Brandeis University 布兰迪斯大学BROWN Brown University 布朗大学 BSU Ball State University 波尔州立大学 BU* Boston University 波士顿大学 BU SUNY Binghamton 纽约州立大学宾厄姆顿分校BYU Brigham Young Univ. Provo 百翰大学 *BU通常意义上指Boston University -C- CALTECH California Institute of Technology 加州理工大学 CAU Clark Atlanta University 克拉克亚特兰大大学 CLARKSON Clarkson University 克拉逊大学CLARKU Clark University 克拉克大学CLEMSON Clemson University 克莱姆森大学 CMU* Carnegie Mellon University 卡耐基梅隆大学CMU Central Michigan University 中央密歇根大学COLUMBIA Columbia University 哥伦比亚大学CORNELL Cornell University 康奈尔大学CSU* Colorado State 科罗拉多州立大学 CSU Cleveland State University 克里夫立大学CU* University of Colorado Boulder 科罗拉多大学波德分校 CU University of Colorado Denver 科罗拉多大学丹佛分校 CUA Catholic University of America 美国天主教大学 CWRU Case Western Reserve Univ. 凯斯西储大学*CMU 通常意义上指 Carnegie Mellon University *CSU 通用 *CU 通用
应用化学专业英语翻译完整篇
1 Unit5元素周期表 As our picture of the atom becomes more detailed 随着我们对原子的描述越来越详尽，我们发现我们陷入了进退两难之境。有超过100多中元素要处理，我们怎么能记的住所有的信息？有一种方法就是使用元素周期表。这个周期表包含元素的所有信息。它记录了元素中所含的质子数和电子数，它能让我们算出大多数元素的同位素的中子数。它甚至有各个元素原子的电子怎么排列。最神奇的是，周期表是在人们不知道原子中存在质子、中子和电子的情况下发明的。Not long after Dalton presented his model for atom( )在道尔顿提出他的原子模型（原子是是一个不可分割的粒子，其质量决定了它的身份）不久，化学家门开始根据原子的质量将原子列表。在制定像这些元素表时候，他们观察到在元素中的格局分布。例如，人们可以清楚的看到在具体间隔的元素有着相似的性质。在当时知道的大约60种元素中，第二个和第九个表现出相似的性质，第三个和第十个，第四个和第十一个等都具有相似的性质。 In 1869,Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev,a Russian chemist, 在1869年，Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev ,一个俄罗斯的化学家，发表了他的元素周期表。Mendeleev通过考虑原子重量和元素的某些特性的周期性准备了他的周期表。这些元素的排列顺序先是按原子质量的增加,,一些情况中, Mendeleev把稍微重写的元素放在轻的那个前面.他这样做只是为了同一列中的元素能具有相似的性质.例如,他把碲(原子质量为128)防在碘(原子质量为127)前面因为碲性质上和硫磺和硒相似, 而碘和氯和溴相似. Mendeleev left a number of gaps in his table.Instead of Mendeleev在他的周期表中留下了一些空白。他非但没有将那些空白看成是缺憾，反而大胆的预测还存在着仍未被发现的元素。更进一步，他甚至预测出那些一些缺失元素的性质出来。在接下来的几年里，随着新元素的发现，里面的许多空格都被填满。这些性质也和Mendeleev所预测的极为接近。这巨大创新的预计值导致了Mendeleev的周期表为人们所接受。 It is known that properties of an element depend mainly on the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of the atoms of the element. 我们现在所知道的元素的性质主要取决于元素原子最外层能量能级的电子数。钠原子最外层能量能级（第三层）有一个电子，锂原子最外层能量能级（第二层）有一个电子。钠和锂的化学性质相似。氦原子和氖原子外层能级上是满的，这两种都是惰性气体，也就是他们不容易进行化学反应。很明显，有着相同电子结构（电子分布）的元素的不仅有着相似的化学性质，而且某些结构也表现比其他元素稳定（不那么活泼） In Mendeleev’s table,the elements were arranged by atomic weights for 在Mendeleev的表中，元素大部分是按照原子数来排列的，这个排列揭示了化学性质的周期性。因为电子数决定元素的化学性质，电子数也应该（现在也确实）决定周期表的顺序。在现代的周期表中，元素是根据原子质量来排列的。记住，这个数字表示了在元素的中性原子中的质子数和电子数。现在的周期表是按照原子数的递增排列，Mendeleev的周期表是按照原子质量的递增排列，彼此平行是由于原子量的增加。只有在一些情况下（Mendeleev注释的那样）重量和顺序不符合。因为原子质量是质子和中子质量的加和，故原子量并不完全随原子序数的增加而增加。原子序数低的原子的中子数有可能比原子序数高的原
英文简历中的获奖荣誉
一、国家及校级奖项、称号 国家奖学金National Scholarship 国家励志奖学金National Encouragement scholarship 三好学生标兵Pacemaker to Merit Student 三好学生Merit Student 学习优秀生Model Student of Academic Records 突出才能奖Model Student of Outstanding Capacity 先进个人Advanced Individual/Outstanding Student 优秀工作者Excellent staff 优秀学生干部Excellent Student Cadre 优秀共青团员Excellent League Member 优秀毕业生Outstanding Graduates 优秀志愿者Outstanding Volunteer 先进班集体Advanced Class 优秀团干Outstanding League Cadres 学生协会优秀干部Outstanding leaders of Student Association 学生协会工作优秀个人Outstanding Individual of Student Association 精神文明先进个人Spiritual Advanced Individual 社会工作先进个人Advanced Individual of Social Work 文体活动先进个人Advanced Individual of Cultural and sports activities 道德风尚奖Ethic Award 精神文明奖High Morality Prize 最佳组织奖Prize for The Best Organization 突出贡献奖Prize for The Outstanding Contribution 工作创新奖Prize for The Creative Working 团队建设奖Prize for The Team Contribution 大学英语四级CET4 (College English Test Band 4 Certificate) 大学英语六级CET6 (College English Test Band 6 Certificate) 全国计算机一级证书First-level Certificate for National Computer 全国计算机二级证书Second-level Certificate for National Computer 全国计算机三级证书Third-level Certificate for National Computer 全国计算机四级证书Fourth-level Certificate for National Computer 学生会Student Union 团委会Youth League Committee 学生社团Students’ Association 体育部Sports Department 文艺部Arts Department 学习部Learning Department
化学专业英语翻译1
01.THE ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 01元素和元素周期 表。 The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z. 原子核中的质子数的原子称为原子序数，或质子数，卓电子数的电中性的原子也等于原子序数Z，总质量的原子是非常接近的总数量的质子和中子在原子核。这被称为质量数，这个数的原子中的中子，中子数，给出了所有的数量 The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. To the chemist the "kind" of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of
应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版课后答案和课文翻译
Uｎit 1 The RｏotｓoｆCｈemisｔry Ｉ．Ｃoｍpreｈensioｎ. 1。Ｃ 2. Ｂ3．D 4. C 5. B ＩI。Ｍａｋe ａsenｔeｎｃe ｏut of ｅach ｉｔem ｂy reaｒranging ｔhe wordｓin ｂracｋets. 1.Tｈｅｐuｒiｆｉcation of aｎorganｉc compounｄis usually a matter of consｉｄerａｂlｅdｉfｆicｕｌtｙ, and iｔis nｅcｅｓsaｒy to eｍploy vａrious methoｄs fｏr thｉｓpurpｏse。 2.Science is an ｅｖeｒ－iｎcｒｅasing boｄy ofａccｕｍｕlａｔed anｄ ｓｙsｔｅmatiｚed knowledｇe ａnd iｓalsｏan activｉty bｙwｈic ｈｋnowledge iｓｇenerated。 3.Lifｅ，aftｅr all, is onｌy cｈeｍistry,in faｃｔ, a sｍall example of ｃ hｅｍistry ｏbsｅｒved oｎａsｉngle munｄane pｌａnet。 4.Peoplｅaｒe made of molｅculｅｓ; sｏmｅｏf ｔhｅmｏleculｅs in p ｅople aｒe rａｔher ｓimple whｅreas otｈerｓａｒｅhｉghly compｌex。 5.Chｅｍistry ｉｓever preseｎｔin ｏｕｒｌｉves frｏm ｂｉｒtｈ tｏｄeａthｂeｃａｕse withoｕt chｅmｉｓtrｙｔhere iｓneither life nor deａth. 6.Maｔhｅｍaｔics apｐeａｒs ｔo be almost as humaｎkiｎｄand ａｌ ｓo ｐermeaｔeｓall aspeｃts of ｈuman life, aｌthough ｍａｎｙof us are ｎｏｔfuｌly ａwａrｅoｆtｈis. III。Tｒanｓlatioｎ. 1.（a)chｅmicaｌprｏcess (b) natuｒal scienｃe（c）the teｃhｎｉ ｑｕe of distｉllaｔioｎ 2.Iｔｉs theａtｏｍs that ｍａkｅuｐｉron, waｔeｒ，oｘygen and the lｉke/anｄso on／aｎｄsｏfortｈ/aｎd otherｗiｓe. 3.Cheｍisｔｒy haｓa very long hｉｓtorｙ, ｉnｆaｃｔ，human a ｃtivity in chｅｍｉstrｙgｏes bａｃk ｔo ｐreｒecｏrｄed tｉmｅｓ/pｒedatiｎg reｃｏrded times． 4.Aｃcoｒdｉng to/Froｍthe eｖapoｒaｔion oｆwaｔeｒ，pｅople know ／reaｌized ｔｈat ｌiquidｓcａn ｔurn/bｅ/changeｉｎto gases ｕndeｒcertain conditions/circｕmsｔance／enｖironment。 5.Yoｕｍusｔknow ｔhe propｅｒtieｓｏfｔｈe materiaｌbeｆore y ｏu use it. IＶ．Ｔrａnslation 化学是三种基础自然科学之一,另外两种是物理和生物.自从宇宙大爆炸以来，化学过程持续进行,甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快，其余两步相当慢.这三步
各类荣誉英文翻译
第一名The First Prize 第二名The Second Prize 第三名The Third Prize 三好学生标兵Pacemaker to Merit Student 三好学生Merit Student 学习优秀生Model Student of Academic Records 突出才能奖Model Student of Outstanding Capacity 先进个人Advanced Individual/Outstanding Student 优秀工作者Excellent staff 优秀学生干部Excellent Student Cadre 优秀共青团员Excellent League Member 优秀毕业生Outstanding Graduates 优秀志愿者Outstanding Volunteer 先进班集体Advanced Class 优秀团干Outstanding League Cadres 学生协会优秀干部Outstanding cadres of Student Association 学生协会工作优秀个人Outstanding Individual of Student Association 精神文明先进个人Spiritual Advanced Individual 社会工作先进个人Advanced Individual of Social Work 文体活动先进个人Advanced Individual of Cultural and sports activities 道德风尚奖Ethic Award 精神文明奖 最佳组织奖 突出贡献奖 工作创新奖High Morality Prize Prize for The Best Organization Prize for The Outstanding Contribution Prize for The Creative Working 团队建设奖Prize for The Team Contribution 体育道德风尚奖PE Morality Award 优秀指导教师奖Excellent Guide Teacher Award 突出贡献奖Outstanding Contribution Award 工作创新奖Innovation Award 团队建设奖Teamwork Award 最佳台风奖Best Stage Style Award 最佳人气奖Best Popularity Award 优秀组织奖Outstanding Organization Award 最佳创意奖Best Creativity Award 优秀团体奖Excellent Group Award 优秀节目奖Best Program Award 十佳新秀奖Top Ten Outstanding Rising Stars Award 最具潜质奖Most Potentiality Award 最佳才艺奖Outstanding Talent Award 最佳气质奖Outstanding Quality Award 最佳口才奖Best Eloquence Award 最佳演员奖Best Actor Award
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Unit 1 Chemical Industry 化学工业 1.Origins of the Chemical Industry Although the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin‘s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939). 1．化学工业的起源 尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。可以认为它起源于工业革命其间，大约在1800年，并发展成为为其它工业部门提供化学原料的产业。比如制肥皂所用的碱，棉布生产所用的漂白粉，玻璃制造业所用的硅及Na2CO3. 我们会注意到所有这些都是无机物。有机化学工业的开始是在十九世纪六十年代以William Henry Perkin 发现第一种合成染料—苯胺紫并加以开发利用为标志的。20世纪初，德国花费大量资金用于实用化学方面的重点研究，到1914年，德国的化学工业在世界化学产品市场上占有75%的份额。这要归因于新染料的发现以及硫酸的接触法生产和氨的哈伯生产工艺的发展。而后者需要较大的技术突破使得化学反应第一次可以在非常高的压力条件下进行。这方面所取得的成绩对德国很有帮助。特别是由于1914年第一次世界大仗的爆发，对以氮为基础的化合物的需求飞速增长。这种深刻的改变一直持续到战后（1918-1939）。 date bake to/from: 回溯到 dated: 过时的，陈旧的 stand sb. in good stead: 对。。。很有帮助
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中文全称英文缩写 浙江大学ZHEJIANG UNIV 中国科学院CHINESE ACAD SCI 清华大学TSINGHUA UNIV 东南大学SOUTHEAST UNIV 大连理工大学DALIAN UNIV TECHNOL 南京大学NANJING UNIV 四川大学SICHUAN UNIV 上海交通大学SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV 中山大学SUN YAT SEN UNIV 华中科技大学HUAZHONG UNIV SCI TECHNOL 北京大学PEKING UNIV 山东大学SHANDONG UNIV 复旦大学FUDAN UNIV 南开大学NANKAI UNIV 北京邮电大学BEIJING UNIV POSTS TELECOMMUN 中国科学技术大学UNIV SCI TECHNOL CHINA 吉林大学JILIN UNIV 西安交通大学XI AN JIAO TONG UNIV 哈尔滨工业大学HARBIN INST TECHNOL 天津大学TIANJIN UNIV 兰州大学LANZHOU UNIV 华南理工大学S CHINA UNIV TECHNOL 武汉大学WUHAN UNIV 湖南大学HUNAN UNIV 华南师范大学S CHINA NORMAL UNIV 北京航天航空大学BEIJING UNIV AERONAUT ASTRONAUT 东北大学NORTHEASTERN UNIV 电子科技大学UNIV ELECT SCI TECHNOL CHINA 华东科技大学 E CHINA UNIV SCI TECHNOL 中南大学CENT S UNIV 西安电子科技大学XIDIAN UNIV 同济大学TONGJI UNIV 厦门大学XIAMEN UNIV 北京交通大学BEIJING JIAOTONG UNIV 东吴大学SOOCHOW UNIV 安徽大学ANHUI UNIV 北京理工大学BEIJING INST TECHNOL 香港城市大学CITY UNIV HONG KONG 湘潭大学XIANGTAN UNIV 北京师范大学BEIJING NORMAL UNIV
应用化学专业英语及答案
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化工专业英语lesson4翻译汇编
仅供参考 Introduction to Organic Chemistry 1. Sources of Organic Compounds The major sources of organic chemicals are coal, petroleum, and agricultural products. Both coal and petroleum were formed through the geologic processes of changing animal and plant remains into carbon-containing residues. About one-third of all organic chemicals are derived from coal and about one-half from the petroleum industry 有机化合物的来源 有机化学药品的主要来源是煤、石油和农产品。动植物的遗体通过地质作用变成含碳残基然后形成煤和石油。三分之一的所有有机化合物品是从煤中得到的，一般来自于石油工业。 2. The Methods and Objectives of Organic Chemistry Because of the tremendous number of organic compounds known, and of the many more being synthesized daily, the study of organic chemistry is not the study of individual compounds, it is the study of groups or families of compounds all closely related to each other. Obviously, the former approach would be prohibitive[prE5hibitiv]. Once the structural relationships of certain typical members of a particular group or family of compounds are understood, these structural features are understood for any one of the many members of the family, even though some may not be known compounds. 因为已知的有机化合物的数目庞大，而且还在逐日合成更多的品种，所以有机化学不是研究单个的化合物，而是把彼此密切相关的化合物按类或族来研究。显然，以前的方法是不可取的，一旦典型的一类特殊化合物被认识，这些结构特征将适用于这类化合物，甚至是一些未知的化合物， For each group or family of compounds often called homologous series of compounds, structural features are important. In studying organic chemistry, it is not enough to know the identities of the elements and how many atoms of each element are present in a given molecule. More importantly, the order in which these atoms are linked together to form
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南京大学Nanjing University 东南大学Southeast University 南京航空航天大学Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 南京理工大学Nanjing university ofscience ＆technology 南京工业大学Nanjing tech university 南京邮电大学Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 南京林业大学Nanjing forestry university 南京信息工程大学Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology 南京农业大学Nanjing Agricultural University 南京医科大学Nanjing medical university 南京中医药大学Nanjing university of Chinese medicine 中国药科大学China Pharmaceutical University 南京师范大学Nanjing Normal University 南京财经大学Nanjing University Of Finance & Economics 江苏警官学院Jiangsu police institute 南京体育学院Nanjing Sport Institute 南京艺术学院Nanjing University of the Arts 三江学院Sanjiang university 南京工程学院Nanjing institute of technology 南京审计大学Nanjing audit university 南京晓庄学院Nanjing xiaozhuang university 南京特殊教育师范学院Nanjing Normal University Of Special Education 南京森林警察学院Nanjing forest police college 东南大学成贤学院southeast university chengxian college 金陵科技学院jinling institute of technology 南京大学金陵学院Nanjing university jinling college 南京理工大学紫金学院Nanjing University of Science and Technology ZiJin College 南京航空航天大学金城学院 nanhang Jincheng college 中国传媒大学南广学院Communication University of China, Nanguang College
应用化学专业英语翻译(第二版)
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应用化学专业英语翻译
１０级应用化学（2）班郑禄春 B2０1０06３224 Lessｅn ２4 ChemicａｌＲeaｃtionｓ Conseｒvation of mａｓs ａnd ｅｎergy(质量与能量守恒) Ｔwo ｃonseｒvaｔｉｏn laws（定律) apｐlｙｔo aｌｌｃhemical reaｃtionｓ: E ｎergy can neitheｒ be cｒｅated nｏr deｓtroｙed, anｄｍａｔteｒｃaｎneither ｂｅ created nor deｓtｒｏyed. Thus the ａtoms taking part in a chemical reactioｎ may be reａrrangｅd, bｕt all ｔhe atoms preseｎt ｉn the reacｔan ｔs must also be preｓent in ｔhe prodｕctｓ, and the tｏtaｌｍasｓ oｆ tｈe ｒeactants muｓt equaｌ thｅｔotaｌｍａss ｏｆthe prｏducts. 化学反应 质量守恒和能量守恒 两个守恒定律(定律)适用于所有的化学反应:能量既不能创造也不能消灭,物质也不能创造也不能消灭。因此原子参与化学反应可能重新安排，但所有的原子出现在反应物必须包含在产品,反应物的总质量必须等于生产物的总质量。 What is ａ chｅmicaｌ reaction? A chｅmicaｌreaｃtiｏn occｕｒs whｅn sｕbsｔａnｃes (tｈe ｒｅactantｓ) colｌide (碰撞）ｗiｔh ｅnouｇｈ energｙ tｏｒearｒａnge to form difｆerent c ｏｍpounds (ｔhe ｐrｏdｕcts）. The changｅ iｎ enerｇy that occurs wheｎ a reaction take pｌａｃe ｉs deｓcriｂed by therｍｏdｙｎaｍics（热力学）anｄt ｈe ｒａｔｅ oｒ speed at which a reacｔioｎocｃurｓis descｒibed by kiｎeticｓ (动力学) . Reacｔions in ｗhiｃh ｔｈe ｒeaｃtａnｔｓaｎd ｐrｏductｓcoｅxist arｅ coｎｓidｅｒed ｔo be in equilｉｂriuｍ(处于平衡）. A chｅｍiｃａl ｅｑuaｔion ｃonsｉｓts ｏf the ｃhemｉｃal fｏrmｕｌａ（化学式)of thｅ rea ｃｔants, and ｔhe cｈemical fｏｒmｕla of ｔhe ｐrodｕcts. The twｏａre separateｄ bｙａn → uｓually read aｓ“yｉelｄs”ａnｄeach ｃhemicａl forｍula is sｅpａｒatｅd frｏm otheｒs by ａ plus sｉgn (加号）． Sometime ｓ a trｉangｌe is dｒawｎ over ｔhe arrow symbol tｏｄenotｅ enerｇy ｍuｓt ｂe addeｄｔo ｔｈe subsｔances ｆor ｔhe ｒeａcｔiｏn to beｇｉn． Eａch ｃｈemiｃaｌ formula may be pｒｅｃeded by a sｃalaｒ（数量的) ｃoｅｆficienｔｉndicatｉng thｅ proｐorｔion (比例) ｏｆ that substaｎce nｅｃｅssary to ｐｒoｄｕce ｔhe rｅacｔion in forｍulａ. Foｒinstanｃe， thｅｆoｒmｕla ｆoｒ the buｒning of mｅthane(CH4 + 2O2 →ＣO2 + 2H2O） iｎdｉｃates that twｉce as much Ｏ2 aｓ CH４ iｓ nｅｅded, and wｈen tｈey reａct， twicｅas ｍuch H2O as ＣO2 wｉll be produceｄ. This is ｂecａuse durｉng tｈe reａctiｏｎ，each atom ｏｆ cａrbon needｓ eｘａctlｙ two atoms ｏf oxygen ｔo combｉnｅ with, to ｐroduｃe the CO2, and ｅvｅry twｏaｔｏms of ｈydrｏgen need an atｏm ｏf oxygen tｏcombine wiｔｈｔo proｄuce ｔhｅH２O． If thｅ pｒｏportiｏns ｏf thｅ reactaｎtｓarｅ nｏｔ reｓpecｔed, when ｔhey arｅ foｒｃｅd ｔｏreacｔ, eitheｒ not all oｆｔhe ｓuｂstance used wilｌparticipate in tｈe re ａｃｔion, or the reａctiｏｎ that wｉll take pｌace ｗilｌbｅ dｉｆfｅｒent ｆｒom tｈe ｏne noteｄin ｔhｅ equatｉon.. 什么是化学反应 一个化学反应发生在物质（反应物）碰撞有足够的能量去重新排列,形成不同的化合物(产品）。当反应发