语法2代词介词

代词(pronoun) pron

I. 代词可以分为以下七大类:

1 人称代词主格

数单数复数

格主格宾格主格宾格

第一人称I me we us

第二人称you you you you

第三人称he him they them

she her they them

it it they them

宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：

John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。

John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.

约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。

说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.

我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her做主语补语）a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶？b. -- Me.--我。（me做主语补语= It's me.）说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。

人称代词之主、宾格的替换

1) 宾格代替主格

a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。

---- I like English.--我喜欢英语。---- Me too.--我也喜欢。

---- Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗? ---- Not me.--我可不要了。

b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am.

2) 主格代替宾格

a. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。

b. 在电话用语中常用主格。

---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。

---- This is she.--我就是玛丽。

注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。

I thought it was she.我以为是她。(主格----主格)

I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格)

I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格)

They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格----宾格)

人称代词的顺序

1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：

第二人称－> 第三人称－> 第一人称

you －> he/she;it -> I

You, he and I should return on time.

2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：

第一人称－> 第二人称－> 第三人称

we－>you－>They

注意：在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。

a. 在承认错误，承担责任时，

It was I and John that made her angry.

是我和约翰惹她生气了。

b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称，如：I and you try to finish it.

c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时，

2 物主代词形容词性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their

表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。

数单数复数

人称第一第二第三第一第二第三

人称人称人称人称人称人称

形容词性my your his/her our your its/their

物主代词

名词性mine yours his/hers ours yours its/theirs

物主代词

如：I like his car. Our school is here，and theirs is there.

我喜欢他的小汽车。我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。

名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs

1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：

John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.

约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。

物主代词有形容词性（my, your等）和名词性（mine, yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s属格结构，例如：

介词加关系代词引导的定语从句.

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(完整版)介词+关系代词练习

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2020年中考英语总复习基础语法专题二代词试题

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介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

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(新课标)2020届高考英语一轮复习专题一语法基础考点二代词和介词(含解析)

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(完整)高考英语复习讲解——介词及介词短语

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定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法

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介词+关系代词讲解加练习

介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句 一．关系代词直接跟在介词后时，指人只可用whom，指物只能用which, 不可用who, that 例如：The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. 变成：The man to whom you spoke was scientist. 【练习1】把下面的句子改写成介词加关系代词引导的定语从句 1.This is the school that I studied in for three years. ____________________________________________________ 2.She is the very singer who they were talking about at that time. _____________________________________________________________ 3.She still remembers the factory that her mother worked in five years ago. _____________________________________________________________ 4.Daniel is the person (who/whom/that) I want to make friends with. __________________________________________________________________ 5 . The Maths teacher is the person (who/whom/that) I got an A plus from. ___________________________________________________________【练习2】判断下面的句子是否正确，如果有错，请修改 1. This boy to who I give a photo is his brother. 2. This is the girl for her my mother bought a nice gift. 3. The old man lives in that house, the windows of that were broken last night. 4. My people left the city in that they had lived for many years. 5. I still remember the morning in which he first come to school. 【练习3】用适当介词+关系代词填空 1. Do you like the book __________ she spent $10 2. Do you like the book _______________she paid $10 3. Do you like the book ___________she learned a lot 4. Do you like the book __________she often talks 5. He built a telescope ______________he could study the skies. 6. There is a tall tree outside,_______________ stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _________is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _______ people can have a good view is on the hill.

代词和介词

2012考前冲刺英语Ⅱ专题13 代词和介词 1．(2011年高考大纲全国卷)I got this bicycle for ________：My friend gave it tome when she bought a new one. A．everything B．somethi ng C．anything D．nothing 解析：句意：我这辆自行车一分钱也没花：我的朋友买了一辆新的，就把她这辆给了我。for nothing不花钱，免费。 答案：D 2．(2011年高考山东卷)The two girls are so alike that strangers find________difficult to tell one from the other. A．it B．them C．her D．that 答案：A 4．(2011年高考湖北卷)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside________younger men. A．in terms of B．in need of C．in favor of D．in praise of 知此处用介词from。 答案：D 高考解密 [代词]

代词种类很多，功能不同。区分各种代词的不同功能是考生掌握的难点。高考题对代词的考查重点是不定代词some，any；none，no one，nothing；another，other，the other；neither，either等的区别以及指示代词it，this，that，these，those等的不同替代作用。预计2012年的高考对代词的考查会以不定代词、指示代词等内容为主。 一、不定代词 不定代词是代词的核心内容，也是极不容易掌握的语法知识，其中有些不定代词极易混淆。高考主要考查不定代词的辨析，着重考查以下内容： 1．some，any的区别 4．another，other的区别 another泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。other表示“其他的，另外的”，泛指其余的人或物，通常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。5．each，every，either，neither的区别 each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的“每一个”，侧重个体，后面可接of短语；either指两个人或事物中的任意一个，表选择；neither用于两者之间的否定，表示“两者都不”；every侧重三个或三个以上中的“每一个”，强调“无一例外”的含义。 [典例1] (2011年高考四川卷)There is________in his words.We should have a try. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything [解析] 句意：他话里有话。我们应该试试。something“某物，某事”，符合句意。anything “任何(事物)”；nothing“没有任何(事物)”；everything“一切(事物)”，三者均不符合句意。 [答案] A 二、it的用法 英语中，运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看，其用法可分为以下几类：1．指代事物或前面提到过的事物。 2．用来代替指示代词this或that。 3．指不明确的人。 4．指时间、距离、天气、环境等。 5．指代整个句子的内容。 6．可指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿和孩子)。 7．作形式主语和形式宾语。

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