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从历年英语六级真题中总结重点词汇

Ⅰ. From self-service checkout lines at the supermarket to industrial robots armed with saws and taught to carve up animal bodies in slaughter-houses, these ever-more-intelligent machines are now not just assisting workers but actually kicking them out of their jobs.(2012. 12 阅读Text2) 【翻译】从超市里自助服务的结账台到配备锯子的工业机器人在屠宰室里被教会切分动物肉块，这些越来越智能的机器人现在不是在协助工人，而是在抢他们的饭碗。

【词汇】1. arm v. 配备，装备

例：The soldiers are armed with the most advanced weapons.

战士们都配备了最先进的武器。

2. carve v. 切，切碎

例：He carved several pieces of chicken for me.

他帮我切了几块鸡肉。

3. slaughter n. 屠杀

例：the slaughter of innocent people 对无辜百姓的屠杀

Ⅱ. U.S. gross domestic product has climbed back to pre-recession levels, meaning we’re producing as much as before, only with 6% fewer workers.(2012. 12 阅读Text2) 【词汇】美国国内生产总值已经攀升到了萧条前的水平，这意味着我们现在凭借减少了6%的劳动力生产着同样多的东西。

【词汇】1. gross a.总的

例：The gross weight of this box of candy is 400 grams.

这盒糖的总重量为400克。

2. domestic a. 家庭的，国内的

例：Our products sell well in domestic market.

我们的产品在国内市场卖得很好。

此处的gross domestic product即我们日常所说的GDP，国内生产总值。

Ⅲ. To be sure, robotics is not the only job killers out there, with outsourcing stealing far more jobs than automation.(2012. 12 阅读Text2)

【翻译】肯定的是，机器人学不是在外的唯一的工作―杀手‖，外包窃取了比自动化更多的工作。

【词汇】1. robotics n. 机器人学，机器人技术

例：Robotics is the science of designing and building robots.

机器人学就是设计并制造机器人的学科。

2. outsourcing n. 外包，外部采办

例：Some companies are unhappy with outsourcing.

有些公司对外包不太满意。

3. automation n. 自动化(技术)

例：Automation means the loss of factory jobs.

自动化意味着很多工人要失业。

Ⅰ. A key process in interpersonal interaction is that of social comparison, in that we evaluate ourselves in terms of how we compare to others.(2012. 12 阅读Text1)

【翻译】人际互动的关键过程是社会对照的过程。因为我们会通过将自己比作他人的方式来评估我们自己。

【词汇】1. interpersonal a. 人际的，人与人之间的

例：Interpersonal skills are important in business.

人际交往技巧在商业中十分重要。

2. interaction n. 合作，相互影响，互动

例：The teachers and students need interaction from time to time.

师生之间需要不时的互动。

3. comparison n. 比较，相似

例：I don't want to make comparison.

我不想做比较。

4. evaluate v. 评估，评价

例：Your responsibility is to evaluate his work.

你的责任就是评估他的工作。

【语法】compare A with B 将A和B作比较;compare A to B 将A比作B

Ⅱ. First, we decide whether we are superior or inferior to others on certain dimensions, such as attractiveness, intelligence, popularity, etc.(2012. 12 阅读Text1)

【翻译】首先，我们会在某些范围内，比如吸引力、才智、受欢迎程度等等来比较决定我们是胜过别人，还是不如别人。

【词汇】1. superior a. 上等的，优秀的

例：He is superior to me in English.

他在英语方面胜过我。

2. inferior a. 次等的，下级的

例：I’m inferior to him in English.

我在英语方面不如他。

由此可见，上面两个单词是反义词，可以组合记忆。

3. dimension n.尺寸，规模，范围

例：They have bought a house of generous dimensions.

他们买了一间空间宽敞的房子。

4. intelligence n. 智力, 情报

例：She is absolutely a girl of high intelligence.

她绝对是一个非常聪明的人。

Ⅲ. At certain stages of life, especially adolescence, the pressure to be seen as similar to peers is immense.(2012. 12 阅读Text1)

【翻译】在生命的某些时期，特别是青春期的时候，要看起来和同龄人相似的压力是很大。

【词汇】1. adolescence n. 青春期

例：They are still in their adolescence. 他

们还在青春期。

2. immense a. 巨大的

例：His devotion to his country has been immense.

他对他的祖国做出了巨大的贡献。

Ⅰ. Now the question must be reversed. What can the West’s overly indebted and sluggish nations learn from a flourishing Asia? (2012. 06 阅读Text3)

【翻译】现在问题反过来了。巨额负债的、经济发展缓慢的西方国家能从繁荣的亚洲学到点什么?

【词汇】1. reverse v. 反转，颠倒，掉换

例：The government must take action to reverse the economic decline.

政府必须采取行动扭转经济颓势。

2. indebted a. 负债的，受惠的

例：The company is heavily indebted to the bank.

这家公司欠了银行很多债。

3. sluggish a. 经济发展缓慢的，迟钝的

例：The recovery of economy remains sluggish.

经济恢复很迟缓。

4. flourishing a. 繁荣的

例：Our village quickly became a flourishing town.

我们的村庄很快就变成了一个繁荣的小镇。

Ⅱ. In the same way, a significant reduction of wasteful agricultural subsidies could also lower the deficit.(2012. 06 阅读Text3)

【翻译】同样地，大幅减少浪费的农业补贴也可以减少亏空。

【词汇】1. wasteful a.浪费的，奢侈的

例：You should get rid of your wasteful habits.

你要改掉你浪费的坏习惯。

2. agricultural a. 农业的

例：agricultural commodities 农产品

3. subsidy n.补贴，津贴

例：the unemployment subsidy 失业补贴

4. deficit n.赤字，亏空，逆差

例：trade deficit 贸易赤字

Ⅲ. Meanwhile, Europe has fallen prey to a different ideological trap: the belief that European governments would always have infinite resources and could continue borrowing as if there were no tomorrow.(2012. 06 阅读Text3)

【翻译】同时，欧洲也成为了另一个思想陷阱的受害者，那个陷阱就是认为欧洲政府将一直拥有无限的资源，可以像没有明天那样继续无节制地借用。

【词汇】1. meanwhile adv. 同时

例：I was watching a film, and meanwhile Jenny was writing an E-mail.

我在看电影，与此同时Jenny在写电子邮件。

2. prey n. 被捕食的动物，受害者

例：fall prey to 成为……的牺牲品，受……之害

3. ideological a. 思想上的，意识形态的

例：the ideological and political education 思想政治教育

4. infinite a.无穷的，极大的

例：Teaching kids requires infinite patience.

教小孩子需要极大的耐心。

Ⅰ. That's partially because it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and exert more effort, to achieve those goals.(2012. 06 阅读Text2) 【翻译】这一部分是因为设定实际一点的目标的人为了达到那些目标，实际上行事更有效率，付出的努力更多。

【词汇】1. partially adv. 部分地

例：The driver was partially to blame for the accident.

那个司机只对这场事故负部分责任。

2. efficiently adv. 高效地

例：It’s hard to work efficiently in such terrible environment.

在这么差的环境里无法高效地工作。

3. exert v.运用，发挥，努力，尽力

例：Don’t exert yourself unnecessarily.

不要做无谓的努力。

Ⅱ. And yet, the same motivation that can push people to exert more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to engage in unethical behaviors. (2012. 06 阅读Text2)

【翻译】然而，能积极地推动人们更加努力的动机同样也更有可能会促使人们做出一些不道德的行为。

【词汇】1. motivation n. 动机，刺激，推动力

例：Money is their chief motivation.

金钱是他们的主要推动力。

2. motivate v. 刺激，激发(兴趣或欲望)，推动

例：What motivated you to do such a thing?

是什么激发你做了这件事?

3. constructive a. 建设性的，积极的

例：We welcome constructive suggestions.

我们欢迎有建设性的建议。

4. unethical a. 不道德的

例：Some people believe it is unethical to test a drug on animals.

有些人认为在动物身上测试药物是不道德的。

Ⅲ. A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers used financial incentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. (2012. 06 阅读Text2)

【翻译】施韦泽和他的同事引用的一个重要例子，那就是2004年能源巨头安然公司的垮台。他们的经理曾经用财务奖励来刺激销售员来达到具体的收益目标。

1. colleague n. 同事;同僚

例：He is a colleague of mine.

他是我的一个同事。

2. collapse n. 崩溃，瓦解，垮台

例：The floods caused the collapse of the bridge.

洪水造成了大桥的垮塌。

3. incentive n. 刺激，鼓励

例：Poverty is an incentive for him to work hard.

贫穷是刺激他努力工作的因素。

4. revenue n. 收益，税收，收入

例：Rent is a kind of revenue.

房租是一种收入。

Ⅰ. That's partially because it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and exert more effort, to achieve those goals.(2012. 06 阅读Text2)

【翻译】这一部分是因为设定实际一点的目标的人为了达到那些目标，实际上行事更有效率，付出的努力更多。

【词汇】1. partially adv. 部分地

例：The driver was partially to blame for the accident.

那个司机只对这场事故负部分责任。

2. efficiently adv. 高效地

例：It’s hard to work efficiently in such terrible environment.

在这么差的环境里无法高效地工作。

3. exert v.运用，发挥，努力，尽力

例：Don’t exert yourself unnecessarily.

不要做无谓的努力。

Ⅱ. And yet, the same motivation that can push people to exert more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to engage in unethical behaviors. (2012. 06 阅读Text2)

【翻译】然而，能积极地推动人们更加努力的动机同样也更有可能会促使人们做出一些不道德的行为。

【词汇】1. motivation n. 动机，刺激，推动力

例：Money is their chief motivation.

金钱是他们的主要推动力。

2. motivate v. 刺激，激发(兴趣或欲望)，推动

例：What motivated you to do such a thing?

是什么激发你做了这件事?

3. constructive a. 建设性的，积极的

例：We welcome constructive suggestions.

我们欢迎有建设性的建议。

4. unethical a. 不道德的

例：Some people believe it is unethical to test a drug on animals.

有些人认为在动物身上测试药物是不道德的。

1. colleague n. 同事;同僚

例：He is a colleague of mine.

他是我的一个同事。

2. collapse n. 崩溃，瓦解，垮台

例：The floods caused the collapse of the bridge.

洪水造成了大桥的垮塌。

3. incentive n. 刺激，鼓励

例：Poverty is an incentive for him to work hard.

贫穷是刺激他努力工作的因素。

4. revenue n. 收益，税收，收入

例：Rent is a kind of revenue.

房租是一种收入。

Ⅰ. But while much of the research and innovation has concentrated on finding less-polluting energy alternatives, it may be decades before clean technologies like wind and solar meet a significant portion of our energy needs.(2012. 06 阅读Text1)

【翻译】虽然现在调查和创新主要集中在寻找污染少的其他能源上，但是等到像风能、太阳能这样的清洁能源能满足我们大部分的能源需求可能仍需数十年。

【词汇】1. innovation n. 创新

例：Innovation is vital in modern society.

创新在现代社会十分重要。

2. alternative n. 二者择一，供替代的选择

例：I had no alternative but to leave this country.

我除了离开这个国家之外，别无选择。

3. solar a. 太阳的，太阳能的

例：solar cell 太阳能电池

4. portion n.(总体的)部分

例：A large portion of the building was destroyed in the fire.

房屋的大部分在火灾中被烧毁。

Ⅱ. Some propose storing the CO2 in coal mines or liquid storage in the ocean, Shell favors storing CO2 in deep geological structures such as saline formations and exhausted oil and gas fields that exist throughout the world. (2012. 06 阅读Text1)

【翻译】有些建议将二氧化碳储存在煤矿里，或者以液态形式储存在海里，壳牌倾向于将二氧化碳储存在地质结构的深处，比如在世界各地存在的含盐结构或者已经被耗尽石油或者天然气的油田，气田。

【词汇】1. storage n. 保管;贮藏

例：Caves were used for storage.

洞穴过去被用来储存东西。

2. geological a. 地质学的

例：She is interested in geological study.

她对地质研究很感兴趣。

3. saline a. 盐的，咸的

例：There is a saline lake behind this mountain.

这座山的后面有一个盐湖。

4. formation n. 队形，构造

例：Family life has an important impact on the formation of children’s characters.

家庭生活对孩子性格的形成具有重要影响。

5. exhausted a. 耗尽的，精疲力竭的

例：My patience is exhausted.

我的耐心已经用尽。

【词汇】1. innovation n. 创新

例：Innovation is vital in modern society.

创新在现代社会十分重要。

2. alternative n. 二者择一，供替代的选择

例：I had no alternative but to leave this country.

我除了离开这个国家之外，别无选择。

3. solar a. 太阳的，太阳能的

例：solar cell 太阳能电池

4. portion n.(总体的)部分

例：A large portion of the building was destroyed in the fire.

房屋的大部分在火灾中被烧毁。

【词汇】1. storage n. 保管;贮藏

例：Caves were used for storage.

洞穴过去被用来储存东西。

2. geological a. 地质学的

例：She is interested in geological study.

她对地质研究很感兴趣。

3. saline a. 盐的，咸的

例：There is a saline lake behind this mountain.

这座山的后面有一个盐湖。

4. formation n. 队形，构造

例：Family li fe has an important impact on the formation of children’s characters.

家庭生活对孩子性格的形成具有重要影响。

5. exhausted a. 耗尽的，精疲力竭的

例：My patience is exhausted.

我的耐心已经用尽。

Ⅰ. When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities.(2011. 12 阅读Text3)

【翻译】从国家的角度来看，过去十年的政策干预的确帮助转变了英国大学的表现。

【词汇】1. intervention n. 介入，干预

例：His intervention annoyed his partner.

他的介入惹恼了他的搭档。

2. decade n. 十年

例：Several decades has passed since I graduated from university.

我大学毕业已经数十年了。

3. transform v. 转变，转换

例：He successfully transformed his plan into reality.

他成功地将他的计划转变成了现实。

Ⅱ. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. (2011. 12 阅读Text3) 【翻译】这些学校也是培养出最多博士毕业生、写出最多科学引文，创造最丰厚专利许可证收入的机构。

【词汇】1. citation n. 引文，表扬

例：Some dictionary writers use citation to explain the meaning of the word.

有些词典编撰者用引文来解释词义。

2. patent n. 专利(权)，特许

例：He has got a patent for his invention.

他的发明获得了专利权。

3. license n. 执照，许可证

例：His license was suspended for six months.

他的驾照被吊销半年。

Ⅲ. If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle. (2011.12 阅读Text3) 【翻译】如果地区内的技术转移部能更好地协作配合，同时扩大研究生院的规模，增加其功能，那么大学就可以、也应该在英国下一轮发展周期的定位中扮演主要角色。

【词汇】1. coordination n. 协作，配合

例：We have improved the coordination of the two departments.

我们已经加强了这两个部门间的协作关系。

2. transfer v. 转移，迁移

例：Our company will transfer from Shanghai to Beijing.

我们的公司将从上海迁往北京。

3. simultaneous a. 同时的，同时发生的

例：There were several simultaneous celebrations in this area.

本区有几个庆祝活动同时举行。

4. scale n. 规模，刻度，等级

例：The electronic industry is developing on a large scale.

电子行业正在大规模发展。

5. function n. 功能

例：What’s the function of this committee?

这个委员会的功能是什么?

6. cycle n. 周期，循环

例：the life cycle of the plant 植物的生命周期

Ⅰ. It might be tempting, therefore, to think that the old barriers have been broken down and equal opportunity achieved.(2011. 06 阅读Text3)

【翻译】所以―旧的障碍已经消除了，能做到机会均等了‖这样的想法似乎很吸引人。

【词汇】1. tempting a. 诱人的，吸引人的

例：I turned down their tempting offer.

我拒绝了他们诱人的邀约。

2. barrier n. 栅栏，障碍物

例：The barriers kept them from moving on.

障碍物使得他们无法继续前进。

3. opportunity n. 机会，时机

例：He grasped this rare opportunity.

他抓住了这次良机。

Ⅱ. At the moment candidates are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria such as prior academic and career performance, and analytical and problem solving abilities. (2011.06 阅读Text3)

【翻译】现在，候选人是根据一套相当有局限性的准则来选出的，比如先前的学习成绩和职业表现，分析能力和解决问题的能力等。

【词汇】1. candidate n. 候选人

例：She was nominated as candidate for the Best Actress.

她被提名为最佳女演员的候选人。

2. criteria n. 标准，准则;criterion的复数形式;

例：The new criteria should be made known to all staff.

新标准应该让所有职员都清楚知道。

3. prior a. 在……之前的，优先的

例：She claimed that she had no prior knowledge of the strike.

她声称她事前对于罢工并不知情。

4. analytical a. 分析的

例：He lacks analytical ability.

他缺乏分析能力。

Ⅲ. But schools rarely dig down to find out what really makes an applicant succeed, to create a class which also contains diversity of attitude and approach – arguably the only diversity that, in a business context, really matters. (2011.06 阅读Text3)

【翻译】但是学校很少深挖下去找出到底是什么真正使得一个申请人成功。创建一门也涵盖态度和方法差异的课程才是真正重要的。而这一差异可以说是商务中唯一的差异。

【词汇】1. applicant n. 申请人

apply (v.申请，应用)——application(n.)——applicant(n.)——applicable(a.可用的)

2. diversity n. 多样性，差异

例：the cultural diversity of American society 美国社会的文化多样性

3. approach n. 途径，方法

例：I think it is the best approach to solve this problem.

我认为这是解决这个问题的最佳方法。

4. arguably adv. 雄辩地，可论证地

例：He is arguably the best actor of this century.

他可以称得上是本世纪最棒的演员。

Ⅰ. At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? (2011. 06 阅读Text2)

【翻译】非法移民问题的争论核心是一个重要的问题：移民是否对经济有利?

【词汇】1. debate n. 辩论，争论，讨论

例：After a long debate, they reached an agreement.

经过长时间的讨论，他们达成了一致。

2. immigration n. 移居，移民

例：Immigration to America has slowed.

移民美国的速度有所减缓。

3. immigrant n. 移民，侨民

例：There are many Chinese immigrants in America.

美国有许多中国移民。

【语法】此处出现了全部倒装，具体可点击超链接了解。

Ⅱ. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality? (2011.06 阅读Text2)

【翻译】那么为什么关于移民对经济的影响的看法与现实有那么多的差异?

【词汇】1. discrepancy n. 差异，分歧，不一致

例：There is a discrepancy in the two reports.

这两个报告里有一个不一致的地方。

2. perception n. 感知，认识，看法，洞察力

例：He is interested in my perception of this matter.

他对我对此事的看法很感兴趣。

3. impact n. 影响力，冲击力

例：The earthquake had a disastrous impact on the people in that area.

地震对该地区的人民造成了灾难性的影响。

Ⅲ. Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal burden of immigration. (2011.06 阅读Text2) 【翻译】然而，在那些移民数量大，社会福利制度好的国家，有高技能、接受过更好教育的雇员中反对声最高。换句话说，他们最担心的是移民带来的财政负担。

【词汇】1. opposition n. 反对，敌对

例：Opposition to immigration is growing.

对移民的反对日渐增长。

2. generous a. 慷慨的，丰厚的

例：She is always generous to other people.

她对他人总是很慷慨。

3. relatively a. 相对地，相较而言

例：The machine is relatively new.

这个机器相对较新。

4. fiscal a. 财政的，国库的

例：The government is going to carry out a new fiscal policy this year.

政府今年将要实行一项新的财政政策。

Ⅰ. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. (2010. 12 阅读Text2) 【翻译】两次世界大战和一次大萧条动摇了很多人对于单凭科学知识就可以创造一个繁荣、有序的世界的自信心。

【词汇】1. depression n. 衰弱，减缓，沮丧

例：Many people became unemployed during the depression.

经济萧条时期，很多人都失业了。

2. expertise n. 专门的知识或技能

例：She has the expertise in the Management Science.

她有管理学的专业知识。

3. prosperous a. 繁荣的

例：The district is becoming more and more prosperous.

这地区越来越繁荣了。

Ⅱ. After World War Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. (2010.

12 阅读Text2)

【翻译】第二次世界大战之后，学术界热情地转向人文主义研究，这对很多学者而言是来确保民主继续存在的最好的方法。

【词汇】1. enthusiasm n. 热情，热忱

例：I admire her enthusiasm.

我很欣赏她的热情。

2. humanistic a. 人文主义的，人道主义的

例：Humanistic education is important to children.

人文主义教育对孩子来说非常重要。

3. scholar n. 学者

例：I will visit the famous scholar tomorrow.

明天我会去拜访那位著名学者。

4. democracy n. 民主主义，民主国家

例：the principles of democracy 民主原则

Ⅲ. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. (2010.12 阅读Text2)

【翻译】人文学科严重资金不足，不仅缺少来自政府和基金会的资金支持，而且学术组织自身内部也资金不足。

【词汇】1. humanistic disciplines 人文学科

2. underfunded a. 资金不足的

3. foundation n. 基金会，基础

例：the National Foundation for Educational Research 全国教育研究基金会

4. institution n. 机构，制度，建立

例：It is a charitable institution for the education of orphaned children.

这是一个致力于孤儿慈善教育的机构。

Ⅰ. Thus, they learn early to hide vulnerable emotions such as love, joy, and sadness because they believe that such feelings are feminine and imply weakness. (2010.12 阅读Text1) 【翻译】因此，男孩子们便早早地学会了隐藏诸如爱、喜悦、悲伤等的脆弱的情绪，因为他们认为这些情绪是女性化的，而且意味着软弱。

【词汇】1. vulnerable a. 脆弱的，易受伤的

例：Children are vulnerable members of our society.

孩子是社会的弱势群体。

2. feminine a. 有女性特质的，阴柔的

例：You look very feminine in this dress.

你穿这条裙子看上去非常有女人味。

3. imply a. 暗含，意味，说明

例：What did he imply in his words?

他的话意味着什么?

Ⅱ. It seems that men with traditional views of masculinity are more likely to suppress outward emotions and to fear emotions, supposedly because such feelings may lead to a loss of composure. (2010. 12 阅读Text1)

【翻译】对男子气概有传统观念的男人更可能压抑自己不将情绪外露且害怕情绪，这可能是因为这些情绪可能导致他们情感失控。

【词汇】1. masculinity n. 男子气概

例：People see sports as a way to show masculinity.

人们将体育运动视为展现男子气概的一种方法。

2. suppress v. 压抑，镇压

例：The young girl couldn’t suppress a smile.

年轻女孩忍不住笑了出来。

3. outward a. 向外的，表面的

例：In spite of his outward calm, he is very excited.

虽然他看上去很平静，但他其实非常激动。

4. composure n. 镇静，沉着

例：He retained composure in such a crisis.

他在这样的危机中始终保持沉着。

Ⅲ. For example, men who endorse traditional masculine norms report lower relationship satisfaction, as do their female partners.(2010.12 阅读Text1)

【翻译】举例来说，据报道，支持传统男性标准的男性的感情关系满意度较低而他们的另一半也是如此。

【词汇】1. endorse v.支持，赞成

例：I'm afraid I can't endorse your opinion.

恐怕我不能赞成你的观点。

2. masculine a. 男子气概的，男性化的

例：Her voice sounds quite masculine.

她的声音听上去相当男性化。

3. norm n. 标准，规范

例：These are the commonly accepted norms of behavior. 这些都是被普遍接受的行为准则。

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