初中英语定语从句解题技巧及经典题型及练习题(含答案)含解析

初中英语定语从句解题技巧及经典题型及练习题(含答案)含解析

一、定语从句

1．—Have you ever heard of Langlang?

—Sure. He is one of ______ pianists ______ I have even seen.

A．good; that B．much better; who

C．the best; which D．the best; that

【答案】D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意：——你有没有听说朗朗？——当然听说了。他是我见过的最好的钢琴家之一。Good 好的，better更好的；best最好的。形容词的比较级前可用much修饰，表示程度；形容词的最高级前通常要加定冠词。one of……之一，其后面的中心名词用复数形式，该名词前的形容词用最高级形式。先行词pianists在宾语从句中作宾语，他的前面有最高级修饰，该用关系代词that代替。所以选D。

2．—Who was the student ____ was absent yesterday?

—Mary was.

A．that B．who C．whom D．which

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意：——昨天旷课的那名学生是谁？——是玛丽。that引导此处定语从句，修饰人或事物；who引导定语从句，修饰人，作主语，表语或宾语；whom引导定语从句，修饰人，作宾语或表语；which引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语，宾语或表语。修饰先行词the student，表示人，故排除D项。作定语从句的主语，因为主句是who引导的特殊疑问句，因此句中的定语从句用that引导，故选A。

3．The last place _______ we visited was Chaoshan Custom Museum.

A．where B．that C．when D．why

【答案】B

【解析】

句意：我们参观的最后一个地方是潮汕风俗博物馆。根据句子结构可知，这里考查的是定语从句，where关系副词，指地点；that关系代词，先行词为物；when关系副词，指时间；why关系副词，指原因。定语从句中visited后缺少宾语，故应填关系代词，选B。

4．Do you have books about famous scientists ________ are suitable for children to read? A．what B．which C．who D．whom

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意“你有关于科学家方面的适合小孩子读的书吗？”。本题考查定语从句。A.定语从句中没有what；B.which指物，在从句中作主语和宾语；C.who指人，在从句中作主语和宾语；

D.whom指人，在从句中作宾语。根据句意可知，先行词为books指物，在从句中作主语，故选B。

5．The boys ____________ from America like China

A．who is B．are C．which is D．who are

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

句意：这些来自美国的男孩喜欢中国。考查定语从句。本句是主谓宾结构，可排除B项。空白处做主语the boys的后置定语，先行词the boys是人，不可用which（用于先行词是物时），需用who引导；the boys是复数人称，系词需用are；根据句意结构，可知选D。

6．Linda will never forget the words her father told her.

A．that B．who C．where D．what

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意：Linda将永远不会忘记她父亲告诉她的这些话。that关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词可以为人或物；who关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为人；where是关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语；what什么，常引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句。根据句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，修饰空前的the words，指物，且在从句中作宾语，故应选A。

7．This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.

A．which B．what C．whose D．whom

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意：这是那本母亲给我作为生日礼物的字典。这里是定语从句，先行词是为物时用which；what不能引导定语从句；先行词指人时用who；当先行词为物主代词时用whose。本题先行词为dictionary，字典是物，所以用关系词which。故选A。

8．—Which song do you like better, Maria?

—I prefer the song Manual of Youth ________ is sung by TFBOYS.

A．which B．who C．whom D．where

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：句意：﹣﹣Maria，你比较喜欢哪首歌？﹣﹣我比较喜欢由 TFBOYS演唱的《青春修炼手册》．

首先分析句子结构，本句中的is sung by TFBOYS在复合句中作定语从句，其中先行词the song Manual of Youth指物，且在定语从句中做逻辑主语，所以关系代词用that/which，故选A。

考点：考查定语从句的用法。

9．—What kind of movies do you like?

—I prefer movies _____give me something to think about.

A．which B．who C．what D．when

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意：——你喜欢什么种类的电影？——我更喜欢给我一些思考的东西的电影。

A. which关系词，先行词是物；

B. who关系词，先行词指人；

C. what不能引导定语从句；

D. when关系副词，在定语从句中做状语。先行词是movies指物，关系词用which。根据题意，故选A。

10．—Do you know the boy over there?

—The one is holding a ball? Oh, that’s my neighbor Phil.

A．what B．which C．who D．不填

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：——你认识那边那个男孩吗？——那个拿着球的人？哦，他是我的邻居菲尔。本题考查定语从句。A. what什么；B. which哪一个；C. who谁。what引导的是主语，表语和宾语从句。what不能引导定语从句。因为定语从句是形容词性质的。而what所引导的是名词性从句。两者结构不同。所以排除A；分析句子The one is holding a ball? 的结构可知，本题缺少的是主语，且关系词在定语从句中做主语，不能省略。故选项D不对；我们知道：who 的先行词是人，which的先行词是物。本题的The one是指上文的the boy over there，指人的先行词，因此应该用who来引导。故选C。

11．-Have you got ready for the soccer game？

-Yes，I've done everything ___________ I can to win the game.

A．who B．that C．which

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意：——你准备好参加足球比赛了吗？——是的，我已经尽我所能来赢得比赛。本题考查定语从句的连接词，who的先行词是人，that的先行词是人或物，which的先行词是物。当先行词是不定代词时，只能用that，不能用which，故答案为B。

【点睛】

引导定语从句的关系代词有：that（指人或物），which（指物），who（指人）。指人时可用that或who，指物时可用that或which，但有时只能用that不能用which。常见的情况有下列五种：

当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。例如：

Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么可以为你做的吗?

All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做。

当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：

That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。

The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。

当先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。例如：

My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。

当王句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that，不用which或who。以避免重复。例如：

Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat？正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？

）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that不用which。例如：

The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。

12．Wang Yangming is a great educationalist developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen. A．which B．what C．who

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：王阳明是教育界的一位伟大的教育家，他的大部分思想都是在修文中发展起来的。

A. which关系词，引导定语从句，先行词是物；

B. what不能引导定语从句；

C. who关系词，引导定语从句，先行词是人，根据 educationalis指人，所以用who，故选C。

13．“What are you doing?” “We are talking about the books and writers ___ we like.”

A．that B．which C．who D．whom

【答案】A

【详解】

句意：“你们在做什么？我们在谈论我们喜欢的书籍和作家。”。考查定语从句的引导词用法。本句的定语从句的先行词是book书和writer人，所以关系代词用that，故选A。

【点睛】

定语从句中用that不用which的情况有：1）当先行词是all, everything, something, nothing, anything等不定代词时；2）当先行词前面有序数词或者形容词最高级作定语修饰时；3）先行词既有人也有物时；4）当先行词前面有the very，the only修饰时。

14．Have you found the information about famous scientists you can use for the

report?

A．where B．which C．what D．who

【答案】B

【解析】

句意：你找到了你在报告中可以使用的关于那些著名科学家的信息了吗？where在哪里，表示地点；which引导定语从句，先行词应该是物；what什么，不能引导定语从句；who 引导定语从句，先行词是人。这里考查的是定语从句，先行词并不是空前的famous scientists，而是the information，指代的是物，故应选B。

15．We will never forget the firemen_______lost their lives in the forest fire in April 2019 in Liangshan, Sichuan.

A．that B．which C．where D．when

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意：我们将永远不会忘记那些在2019年4月四川凉山森林大火中丧生的消防员们。

根据句子结构可知，该空所填的连词引导的是定语从句，修饰空前的名词the firemen。分析定语从句的结构可知，从句中缺少主语，应填关系代词，先排除C和D两个关系副词。which应用于先行词是物的时候，此处是人，故排除B。that引导定语从句时，先行词可以为人，也可以为物。故选A。

16．The photos successfully show the rich culture ______makes Shiyan so famous.

A．what B．which C．who D．why

【答案】B

【解析】

句意：这些照片成功地展示了使十堰非常出名的丰富文化氛围。A. what不能作为定语从句的连接词；B. which先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；C. who先行词是人，在定语从句中作主语；D. why引导定语从句时，在句中作原因状语。本句先行词是culture，指物，引导定语从句的关联词只能用which，故答案为B。

【点睛】

在定语从句中，关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1） who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

3） which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：

Beijing is the place where （in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

17． I still remember the college and the teachers ________ I visited in London years ago. A．what B．who C．that D．which

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：句意：我仍旧记得几年前去伦敦访问的大学和老师们。what一般不用于定语从句；who在定语从句中指人； that既可指人，也可指物；which指物。结合语境可知本句中先行词the college and the teachers中既有人，又有物，故只能用关系代词that，所以选C。

考点：考查关系代词。

18．I really like the family photo ________ we took on my grandpa’s 80th birthday.

A．who B．that C．what D．whose

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意：我真的很喜欢爷爷80岁生日时拍的全家福。本题考查定语从句。A. who指代人；B.

that既可以指人又可以指物；C. what不能引导定语从句；D. whose指代某人/物的。根据题干可知本句中的先行词是photo，指物，所以B选项that符合题意，故答案选B。

19．The green tea _____ grows in South China is quite popular in China.

A．which B．when C．where

【答案】A

【解析】试题分析：句意：在中国南部生长的绿茶在中国非常受欢迎。which 引导定语从句的关系代词，先行词是物，which在定语从句中做主语或宾语；when关系副词，指时间；where 关系副词，指地点。根据句意可知，这里定语从句的先行词是The green tea，并且定语从句中缺少主语，故应选A。

考点：考查定语从句的关系代词。

20．—Why don't you like fishing?

—Fishing is a hobby____needs much patience,but I'm not patient at all.

A．that B．who C．whom D．Where

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：句意:——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼？——钓鱼是一项需要许多耐心的爱好，但是我一点耐心都没有。本题考查定语从句。先行词 hobby （爱好）指事物，关系代词应用that 或which.故选A项。

考点：考查定语从句的用法

21．The Palace Museum is the best place I’ve ever visited.

A．who B．that C．where D．what

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析：句意：故宫博物院是我曾经参观过最好的地方。which， that引导的从句，它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时，用that而不用which。本句中先行词是the best place，此先行词为下文定语从句的逻辑宾语，指物，先行词前有最高级修饰，故用that引导此句的定语从句。选B。

考点：考查定语从句。

22．The young lady _________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.

A．what B．whose C．who D．which

【答案】C

【解析】

句意：昨天我们见到的那位年轻的女士是我们的新数学老师。这里是定语从句，先行词是The young lady，这里关系词用who，在定语从句中做宾语，根据题意，故选C。

23．Do you know the man_______ gave out food a few days ago?

A．who B．which C．whose D．whether

【答案】A

【解析】

句意：你认识那个几天前分发食物的男士吗？这里是定语从句。A. who引导定语从句，先行词是指人的；在定语从句中做宾语或主语； B. which 引导定语从句，先行词是指物的；在定语从句中做宾语或主语； C. whose引导定语从句，先行词是指人或指物的；在定语从句中做定语； D. whether是否。不能引导定语从句。The man先行词，是指人的，故选A。

24．I still remember the mountain schools and teachers ________ we visited last year. A．where B．who

C．that D．which

【答案】C

【解析】

句意：我仍然记得我们去年参观过的山区学校和老师们。根据句意可知，这里是一个定语从句。where引导定语从句时，先行词是地点，where在从句中作地点状语；who 引导定语从句时，先行词是人；which引导定语从句时，先行词是物。从句先行词是the mountain and the teachers，既有人，也有物，这时定语从句的关联词应该使用that，在从句中作visited的宾语，故答案选C。

点睛：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。关系代词在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语；关系副词在定语从句中做状语。

25．A graduation ceremony is a custom takes place students graduate from a school. A．which; when B．that; who C．which; whose D．that; which

【答案】A

【解析】

句意：毕业仪式就是当学生们从学校毕业时，举行的一个习惯仪式。结合语境可知前文先行词custom为下文定语从句的逻辑主语，指物，故引导词用that或者which。下文从句内容为前文动作发生的逻辑时间状语，故引导词用when，当……时候，选A。

考点：英语从句

26．–Why are you still here? It’s time to start.

–I’m busy searching the Internet for the photos of some famous singers ____ I can use in my speech.

A．what B．which C．who D．whom

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意：－你为什么还在这儿？时间到了。－我在忙着在网上搜索一些著名歌手的照版，我可以在演讲中使用。空后是一个定语从句，先行词是the photos，指事物，用that、which 引出定语从句。故选B。

27．Most students enjoy having lessons ____ are interesting and lively.

A．that B．what C．who D．whose

【答案】A

【解析】

句意：大多数学生喜欢有趣的充满活力的课堂。此句考查定语从句的关联词，what不能引导定语从句，先行词lessons指物，要由that/which来引导，作定语从句的主语，故答案为A。

28．Is this factory _______ you visited the other day?

A．in which B．which C．where D．the one

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析：句意：这个工厂是你前几天参观的那个工厂吗？我们可以先把这个句子变成陈述句：This

Factory is _______ you visited the other day.很显然这是考查定语从句，题干中缺少先行词the factory我

们可用the one代替。故选D。

考点：考查定语从句。

29．Confucius was a great thinker had many wise ideas about human nature.

A．who B．which C．/

【答案】A

【解析】

句意：孔子是一位伟大的思想家，他对人性有很多明智的想法。考查定语从句。who用于先行词是人时，which用于先行词是物时。先行词thinker（思想家）是人，需用who引导，引导词做从句的主语，不可省略；根据句意语境，可知选A。

30．Most students like the teachers understand them well.

A．which B．who C．where D．when

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析：句意：绝大多数的学生都喜欢能够很好理解他们的老师。分析：考查定语从句的用法，先行词是the teacher,先行词在从句中作主语，因此引导词用who.故选 B

考点：考查定语从句的用法。

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