Unit 7 There’s Only Luck
Unit 7 There’s Only Luck
I. 背景知识介绍(Background knowledge )
1. Street crime in the US
Street crime has been a constant threat to American society. No one dares to stay away from home at night; no one feels secure even in his or her own neighborhood. Since president Nixon, things have changed even for the worse. According to statistics compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the crime rate more than doubled in the US during the q970s. Violent crime skyrocketed: the number of muggings or robberies increased more than 250%, the number of murder more than 100%, and the number of assaults more than 150%.
2. Crime prevention
In the United States today, more attention is given to ways of prevention of crime. There are special police programs and training programs in self-defense are aimed at helping citizens guard themselves. Police departments have even offered to citizens “tips” on how to take precautions while walking at night. For example, people are told “not to walk near dark buildings or high shrubb ery or parked cars, ” and “never to take short cuts through alleys or parks at night.” They are advised “to look up to a light in the window as if someone nearby is making you feel
uncomfortable and pretend someone is waiting for you and is watching out fo r you.” In some neighborhoods large “eye” signs are posted very conspicuously to indicate that the place is closely watched by police.
But just as the author of this article says, no matter what precautions you take, an assault or mugging could happen to you anywhere, anytime. “Security is an illusion” and what you can do is to trust yourself only to “luck”.
3. One major reason for street crime in the US
The possession of guns by American individuals constitutes one of the major reasons for street crime in the United States. In some cities and states of the US, it is illegal to possess hand guns; in others one may possess them but they must be registered with the police; in other places there are no restrictions whatsoever on possession of hand guns. Because the laws vary so greatly from place to place, it is not difficult to buy a gun-if they are illegal where you live can always travel to where they are legally sold and buy one there.
The possession of guns by individuals is becoming a controversial issue. Some people think crime will be going up with more and more people having guns, while others just hold the opposite view. They are respectively known as anti-gun lobby and pro-gun lobby.
II. 知识教学点（Language knowledge）
1. Sentence patterns
1) My mind went dumb when I saw the gun pointing against the car window. (para 1)
2) I remember being vaguely annoyed when the gunman pulled me from the car by the hair. (para 2)
3) I was happy to see them go. (para 5)
4) They had been talking of stiffer sentences for criminals. (para 5)
5) What good would guns have been to Jeremy and me? (para 5)
6) There is no right or wrong in the situation. There is just luck. (para 8)
7) No matter how many hours of my life I may spend reliving it, I know there is no way to prepare for the next time. (para 9)
2. Grammar
1) 不带to 的不定式
e.g. see … do…
2) 系表结构:
e.g. go numb
go bad
go mad
go wrong
come true
fall ill
turn grey
etc. (refer to Ex 8)
3) remember doing … 和remember to do … 结构的用法。
cf: forget to do…
3. Words, phrases and expressions
1) annoy
vt. (1) make rather angry 使恼怒
e.g. Julie was annoyed with / at Joanna for applying for the same job.
Julie was annoyed to learn that Joanna had gotten that position.
(2) disturb; trouble 打扰，干扰
e.g. The flies keep annoying me.
We were constantly annoyed by the noise outside.
2) release
vt. (1) set free 释放，解放，排放
e.g. He was released from hospital after a week’s treatment.
It is hard for someone newly released from prison to find a decent job. cf. relieve … of …
(2) allow (news) to be known or published; allow (goods) to be put on
sale 发布，发行
e.g. President Nixon resigned after the Watergate tapes had been released
by the press.
The film star made a personal appearance at the releasing ceremony of her new film.
(3) loosen 松开，放开
e.g. In panic he released the handlebar of his bicycle.
The train gathering speed, he had to release her hand and say goodbye.
3) specific
a. (1) detailed and precise 明确的；具体的
e.g. His boss left specific instructions / orders as to what he should do
next.
What are your specific aims in visiting our university?
(2) relating to one particular thing, etc. ; not general 特定的，特有的
e.g. Each painter has his own specific style.
The word can only be used in specific situations.
4)stiff
a. (1) severe 严厉的
e.g. Cheaters / Cheats on the exam received a stiff warning /punishment
from the university.
(2) not easily bent or changed in shape 硬的，僵直的(可引申为“不灵活的”)
e.g. The principal always keeps a stiff face / upper lip while at school.
My legs grew stiff after a long walk.
(3) (of manners, behavior) formal; unfriendly 生硬的，拘谨的
e.g. Emma was unfavorably impressed by the man who gave her a stiff
bow.
The old lady was quite stiff with her new neighbors.
(4) hard to do; difficult 艰难的，费劲的
e.g. They were stiff all over from the stiff climbing.
The book is stiff reading.
5）rage n. great anger 狂怒
e.g. The father flew / fell into a rage when he learned his son had failed
again in the math exam.
Othello killed his wife in a fit of rage.
She turned her rage on the family cat.
Note:
be in a rage with sb. 对某人大发脾气
be hot with rage 气得发火
6）detail
n. (1) small, particular fact 细节
e.g. After a cup of hot tea, she was able to tell what had happened in
greater detail.
I won’t go into details in the aspect because you can find all about it
in your textbooks.
(v.) describe fully 祥述，详细说明
e.g. She detailed in her letter every piece of furniture in her new
apartment.
7）security n. safety 安全，平安
e.g. It is the duty of the United Nations Security Council to maintain
peace and order in the world.
Ancient people had no security from / against natural disasters.
8）go(used as linking verb) become; get to be变为，成为
e.g. Father went red with anger.
The milk has gone sour.
You see, my hair has gone gray.
9）numb a. having lost the power of feeling or moving 麻木的，失去感觉的
e.g. The mother was numb with grie
f.
The little Match Girl’s fingers went numb with cold.
10）pull out (of)leave; move away (from);move out (of) (车，船等)驶出
e.g. The train pulled out of the station.
The driver of the car pulled out from behind the truck.
cf. pull in / into: 进站，停站；到岸，靠岸
11）can’t be / couldn’t be:不可能
e.g. It can’t be true. She must be mistaken.
He can’t / couldn’t be still reading the book. I gave it to him ages ago and it’s a quite short book.
Note: 表示对现在事实的否定推断
12）vague a. nor clear in shape or in form; not clearly described 模糊的，含糊的，不明确的
e.g. The girl looked up, gave me a vague answer, and went back to the
fashion magazines she was reading.
The mountain peak is seen vaguely in the fog.
13）split (split, split)
vt. (1) (cause to) divide into parts （使）分裂，分离
e.g. She split with him after a bitter quarrel.
The party was split into several small groups.
(2) (cause to) break劈开，撕裂
e.g. My father is out splitting logs.
His pants were split at the seams.
(n.) splitting; tear made by splitting 裂口；分裂
e.g. He has no wife to sew up the split in the trousers for him, so he asks
the landlady for help.
The split in the party was soon disclosed by the press.
14）bring back: restore 恢复
e.g. The fresh air in the mountains would bring back her strength.
The doctor has brought him back to health.
Many American citizens are in favor of bringing back capital punishment / death penalty.
15）contented
a. satisfied; happy 满足的，满意的，心满意足的
e.g. The baby girl slept in her mother’s arms with a contented smile.
He leads a contented life among his four walls of books.
How can you be contented with such a life?
cf. be content with / to do sth. (content 满足的，满意的；甘愿的，只能做表语)
contented 既可以做定语，也可以做表语。
16）cozy a. warm and comfortable 暖和舒适的
e.g. I miss the cozy evenings beside the fireplace.
The fur coat will keep you cozy in winter.
17）What good is …? / What’s the good of …?:What is the use of …? … 有什么用呢？
e.g. What good is money to a person when he is dying?
What is the good of explaining the matter to him if he turns a deaf ear to you?
Note:
be no / not much / any / some good (doing sth.): 做某事没有/ 有些用（价值）；没有（有些）用（价值）
18）turn out: appear; be present 出来，出动
e.g. The whole city turned out to welcome the Olympic heroes and
heroines.
The weather prevented people from turning out to watch the sports meet.
19）hopeless a. feeling no hope, giving or promising no hope 没有希望的；无能的
e.g. Their position is hopeless.
With scientific progress, AIDS / SARS will stop being a hopeless disease.
20）come to: concern; become a matter about (usually used in the phrase “when it comes to”) 谈到（某一点）
e.g. When it comes to maths I know I’d better shut up.
Joe is not good at sports, but when it comes to arithmetic he is the best in the class.
21）trail off: become increasing-ly weaker and fade away eventually (声音等)逐渐变弱
e.g. Her voice trailed off to a whisper.
Before the intimidating glare of the headmaster, the young boy’s words trailed of into silence.
22. last
v. go on; be enough (for) 持续；耐久；够…之用，使得以维持下去e.g. How long will the rain season last?
Our water won’t last long. We must find a way out of the desert. 23）relive
vt. live through or undergo again (尤其指凭想象) 重新过…的生活；在体验，重温
e.g. She relived the scene of their good-by.
That was an experience I should not like to relive.
24）response
n. (1) action done in answer 反应
e.g. The Government acts quickly in response to inflation / SARS.
The medical student observed closely the response of ailing white rats to specific drugs.
(2) answer 回答
e.g. My letter of complaint brought no response.
His response to his critics was silence.
25）end up:reach a final situation (by … ing) ; finish; come to an end 结束，告终
e.g. Each time she tried to argue with her husband, she ended up crying
her eyes out.
If you continue stealing, you will surely end up in prison.
26）illusion
n. false perception; sth. that does not really exist 错觉；幻觉
e.g. The mirrors produce an optical illusion.
She is under the illusion that a prince of charm will take her away on a white horse.
III. Text explanation
(要求学生快速阅读课文，并回答问题。)
Paras 1-3
Questions:
1.What happened to the author?
2. Where did it take place?
3. How do you know?
4. Why did she think “ This can’t be happening to me”
5.What were they forced to do?
6.What was Jeremy being slow?
7.What does “ scream” mean here?
8.Why does screaming for help sound absurdly melodramatic at eight on
a Tuesday evening in December?
9．Did she make her escape successful?
10．What do you think helped successfully?
Main idea of the part:
This part tells us what happened to the author. It is a simple
description of the unexpected event.
Paras 4-8
1. What do you think that the neighbors came out with baseball bats?
2. Why did one neighbor say the noodles were getting cold?
3.Why was she happy to see them go and the rage she should have felt for the attacks directed against the neighbor?
4. Can you find two sentences in the subjunctive mood?
5. How did the policeman react to the event an why?
6. Do you think it normal that they couldn’t describe the attacks?
7. What does the author mean by “ the cops were matter-of-fact about the
whole thing”?
8. What did the fat cop mean by “ they would have hurt her”?
9. Are you surprised to hear that the cop concludes “ there is no right or wrong in the situation. There is only luck.”?
10.What does “ luck” mean in that context?
11. Why does the author agree that “ there is only luck”?
Main idea of the part:
This part tells us the response of the neighbors and the police. The
author tells all that in a chronological order, adding her own feeling about them.
Paras 9-10
12. How did the author feel when thinking of security?
Main idea of the part:
This part is a reflective thinking of the crime the author had experienced which reveals the author’s personal worries about security in the American society.
IV.能力训练重点( focus on ability)
1．通过课堂训练，使学生熟练运用不定式( see … do…)和remember doing …的用法；
2．通过学习课文和做练习，使学生掌握和巩固本课所学的重点单词、词组和句型；
3．初步了解用英语叙事的技巧。
V. 德育渗透点( focus on moral )
通过学习课文，使学生了解美国社会街头犯罪的一个侧面。提示学生增强自我保护意识。但应保持积极乐观的生活态度，凡事要看到其光明的一面。
当前位置：Unit Two Unit One Unit
Two
Unit 8 Honesty: Is It Going out of Style?
I. 背景知识介绍(Background knowledge )
1. Polls of pubic opinion
A public opinion poll is a method of learning what people think and how they feel about a wide variety of subjects.
The first poll of public opinion was conducted in 1824 in the US. In
the early 20th century public opinion polls began using statistical sampling techniques. After the Second World War and particularly in the 1960s the popularity of the opinion polls grew. One of the best-known is the Gallup Poll--a poll of public opinion on a major political or social issue developed by George H. Gallup, an American statistician.
Two methods of sampling are practiced by the polls, random and quota sampling. The former consists in selecting persons to be interviewed at random. Quota sampling involves selecting a sample of people which is representative of the population in terms of age, occupation, sex, region and so on.
2. State Regents’ examinations
In the state of New York, the Department of Education requires that high school students take year-end examinations in science, maths, and language subjects. A regent is a member of a board appointed to govern educational institutions. In New York, the regents make out these required examinations. The regents’ exam does not replace the final examination. It is a secure test, meaning that other than the regents themselves, no one, not even the teachers, is supposed to see the examinations prior to their administration. The exams are mostly multiple choice question, though students may be required to write a short essay or solve maths problems.
A score of 65 is required to pass exam, the top score being 100.
3. Income tax
The US has had income tax laws since 1913. income tax is a tax on the wages. Salaries, profits, interests and rent received by a taxpayer within a definite period of time. In the US approximately one quarter of a middle class family’s earnings goes to the g overnment through the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the form of taxes; in the Great Britain about one third of a middle class family’s income goes to taxes.
4. competency tests
Competency tests are used to determine whether or not a person possesses a certain skill to do something, as opposed to a proficiency test which determines how well a person can do something. A competency test is a pass/fail test, the point being not to achieve an exceptional score, but merely to pass it. Usually a competency test is set in reading and basic maths computations, not in all subject areas. Sometimes students must pass competency tests at the end of each academic year to let the school authorities determine whether they are capable of doing work at their grade level.
Recently a growing number of states in the US are requiring students to pass a competency test before receiving a high school diploma; if one fails the test, one receives a high school certificate which amounts to little more than a statement that one attended school.
II. 知识教学点（Language knowledge）
1. Sentence patterns
1) According to a recent poll, 61 percent of American high school students have admitted to cheating on exams at least once. (para 1)
2) And many educators fear that an increase in the use of state exams will lead to a corresponding rise in cheating. (para 2)
3) Cheating is now considered to be a major problem in colleges and universities. (para 3)
4) The majority of students at the University of Maryland applauded the campaign. (para 5)
5) It’s the kind of s tory we think of as myth. (para 7)
6) What is important in both stories, however, is that honesty was seen as an important part of the American character. (para 7)
7) Such stories pointed out quite clearly that children who lied, cheated, or stole came to bad ends. (para 8)
8) It is less likely. (para 11)
9) The vast majority of Americans still believe that honesty is an important part of the American character. (para 12)
10) There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow. (para 13)
11) Many educators feel that as students gain confidence in themselves and their abilities, they are less likely to cheat. (para 15)
2. Grammar
1) 同谓语从句
e.g. There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow.
2) 宾语从句
e.g. Many educators feel that as students gain confidence in themselves and their abilities, they are less likely to cheat.
Such stories pointed out quite clearly that children who lied, cheated, or stole came to bad ends.
3) 表语从句
e.g. What is important in both stories, however, is that honesty was seen as an important part of the American character.
3. Words, phrases and expressions
1) indication
n. (1) sign or suggestion 迹象
e.g. There is not much indication that the drought will be over soon.
The bed showed indication of being slept in.
(2) pointing to or out 指示，表示
e.g. We use different tones for the indication of different meanings.
The indication of that arrow is that visitors should turn left here.
2) corresponding
a. (1) matching 相应的，相当的
e.g. The peace talk was held between corresponding officials in the two
governments.
The average temperature in July this year is 0.5 degree higher that in the corresponding period last year.
(2) the same 符合的，一致的
e.g. You win the lottery if you had chosen a number corresponding to the
one published in the newspaper.
The police found corresponding footprints outside the house where the murder took place.
Note:
correspond with: 与…符合，一致；与… 通信
correspond to: 相当于，相似
correspondence n.
correspondent n. a. 符合的，一致的；记者，通讯员
3) charge
(n.) (1) accusation 指控，控告，指责
e.g. The former football star was arrested on a charge of manslaughter.
The opposition brings a charge of corruption against the administration.
The ex-president now faces charges of sexual harassment.
(2) price asked for goods or services 价钱，费用
e.g. Services charges are not included in hotel rates.
You can dial 1-800 numbers free of charge.
(3) amount of electricity contained in a substance 电荷，充电，负荷
英美文化概况之英国篇
英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西
初中英语英美文化中英美文化常识素材【word版】.doc
About American 1.What is the full name of America? The United States of America 2 How many states are there in the United States? Fifty states 3 What is the capital of the USA Washington D.C. 4 Where is the Stature of Liberty? In New York 5 Where does the American president live ? In the white house About Britain 1 What does UK stand for ? The United Kingdom 2 What us the full name of the UK? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3What are the four parts of the UK? England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 4In which continent is the UK situated? In Europe. 5 By which channel is the UK separated The English Channel About China 1.How many ethnic groups are there in China? 56 2.In which continent is China located In Asia 3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China? Paper-making, printing, gunpowder, and the compass 4. What is the largest island in China? Taiwan Island 5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?
英美文化知识小点总结
Historic events 一)Hundred Years’ war 百年战争 It was a series of separate conflicts between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. Time: From1337 to 1543 The war is commonly divided into three or four phases, separated by various unsuccessful truces: ①the Edwardian War (1337–1360); ②the Caroline War (1369–1389); ③the Lancastrian War (1415–1453); Cause: The background to the conflict is to be found in 1066, when William, Duke of Normandy, led an invasion of England. He defeated the English King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, and had himself crowned King of England. As Duke of Normandy, he remained a vassal of the French King, and was required to swear fealty to the latter for his lands in France; for a king to swear fealty to another king was considered humiliating, and the Norman Kings of England generally attempted to avoid the service. On the French side, the Capetian monarchs resented a neighboring king holding lands within their own realm, and sought to neutralize the threat England now posed to France The King of England directly ruled more territory on the continent than did the King of France himself. This situation – in which the kings of England owed vassalage to a ruler who was de facto much weaker – was a cause of continual conflict. John of England inherited this great estate from King Richard I. However, Philip II of France acted decisively to exploit the weaknesses of King John, both legally and militarily, and by 1204 had succeeded in wresting control of most of the ancient territorial possessions. Significance: The Hundred Years' War was a time of military evolution. Weapons, tactics, army structure, and the societal meaning of war all changed, partly in response to the demands of the war, partly through advancement in technology, and partly through lessons that warfare taught. The war also stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it also awakened French nationalism. The Hundred Years' War accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a centralized state. The conflict became one of not just English and French kings but one between the English and French peoples. There were constant rumours in England that the French meant to invade and destroy the English language. National feeling that emerged out of such rumours unified both France and England further. The Hundred Years War basically confirmed the fall of the French language in England, which had served as the language of the ruling classes and commerce there from the time of the Norman Conquest until 1362 Important Figures: England King Edward III 1327–1377 Edward II's son
英美文化小常识
英美文化小常识 01、英美姓名常识 姓名是社会成员的符号或标记。英美人的姓名是名在前，姓在后，过去人们在翻译外国人姓名时，为了迁就中国人的习惯，有时候把英美人的姓名也写成姓在前，名在后。如，Bernard Shaw，译成“肖·伯纳”实则是没有必要，现在多译成“伯纳·肖”，这就比较符合英美人的表达习惯。 02、英美礼仪 美国人请客：美国人喜欢在家里款待客人（guest）而不是在餐馆（restaurant）里。 美国人想请客吃饭，一般要事先与客人协商好，安排好时间（when）和地点（where）。 美国人在家里请客多半不拘礼节，一般采用家庭式，即一盘盘的食品一个人一个人地递过来，或者由坐在餐桌两端的主人（host）或女主人（hostess）给客人端上饭菜，全家大小和客人一起吃，一般是妻子（wife）做菜（dish），丈夫调鸡尾酒（cocktail）。如果因宗教或其他原因，有些饭菜不能吃，客人可将其留在盘子里，或事先对主人说明哪些东西不能吃。 03、英美人“手势语”种种 在人类的语言交流中，手语是必不可少的手段之一，作为“无声语言”的手语，其表意比重约为百分之21，因此，请正确运用
手语。 （1）在美国，如你站在公路边跷起大拇指，则表示要求搭车。（2）如在交谈中两手摊开，一耸肩，伴有一声“嗯呵”，则表示无可奈何的意思。 （3）中国人在对外交往中，最容易让人反感的动作之一就是说话不经意地用食指指着对方，其实，这个动作一来不雅观，二来对欧美国家的人来说相当不礼貌。原来这是一种非礼貌的责骂，数落别人的动作。 (4)用大拇指和食指围成一个圆圈，这个手势早已家喻户晓，它的意思是OK好的，而竖起食指和中指形成个“V”字形，意思则是“胜利”（victory）。 (5) 用手伸向被唤者，手心向上，握拳并伸出食指前后摇动，表示叫对方过来。 （6）把左掌心放在胸前，身体略前倾，表示真诚。 04、西方人交往“七不问” （1）年龄：西方人大都把希望自己在对方眼中显得年轻，对自己的实际年龄讳莫如深，妇女更是如此，她们过了24后就再也不会告诉他人自己的年龄了。 （2）婚姻：西方人认为婚姻纯属个人隐私，向他人询问时不礼貌的。若是向异性打听婚否，则有对方关心过甚之嫌。 （3）收入：西方人将此视为个人脸面，因此它与个人的能力和地位有关。不仅收入不宜谈论，住宅、财产、服饰等体现个人状
小学英语课外拓展 英美文化常识
英美文化知识素养答题题库 英美文化知识素养答题题库 1 单项选择题： 美国由___________个州组成。 A. 48 B. 49 C. 50 D. 51 答案 C 2 单项选择题： 人有绰号，城市有绰号，有趣的是，有的国家也有绰号，如美国的绰号是_____，英国的绰号是_____ A Aunt Sam, Uncle John B New Continent, Great Britain C Washington, Elizabeth D Uncle Sam, John Bull 答案D 3 单项选择题： 在英美国家，人们通常将“体力劳动者”称为_____workers ，把“脑力劳动者”称为_____workers，而把“服务、维修等行业的人们”称为_____workers。 A blue, green, white B blue, white, grey. C black, blue, green D white, blue, black 答案 B 4 单项选择题： 在美国土生土长的传统节日是_____________。 A. 复活节 B. 感恩节 C. 圣诞节 D. 中秋节 答案B 5 单项选择题： 有这样一则笑话：有一次一个外宾对翻译说：“I wonder if I can go somewhere?”翻译回答道“Yes, you can go anywhere in China.”外宾不禁愕然。你知道这位翻译的问题出在哪里了吗？ A 外宾的意思是他想马上离开。 B 外宾的意思是他要上厕所。 C外宾的意思是他想随便走走。 D外宾的意思是想休息一下。 答案B 6 单项选择题： 当你给一位英国朋友写信时，你若在写完信之后突然想起来还要补充点什么，此时你通常在补充的内容前加上_____这两个字母。 A P,S B OT C C, D D B,C 答案 A 7 单项选择题： 中国人喜欢说“自己动手，丰衣足食”，英美人也有类似的喜好，他们称之为______。
考研英语必知 英美文化
英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。 不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。 英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。
英美文化背景 我所了解的英美文化小常识
我所了解的英美文化小常识：如何付小费 在美国付小费是个经常会遇到的问题，而且它有一约定俗成的习惯，最好能做到入境问俗，如果您不知其中的“秘密”，也许会让您陷入意想不到的尴尬，甚至会出丑。 凡是搭计程车、到餐厅吃饭、服务生或机场人员代提行李等，都是须给小费的。一般情况下，付给出租汽车司机的小费大约是全程路费的10—15％；付给搬运工的是每提一个箱子1美元；理发、美容的小费为理发、美容费的10—15％；给为你代泊车、取车的服务人员每次是一美元；到餐厅吃饭，付小费约为10%—15%；而住旅馆如不是三星级以上的，一般每天出门前放在桌上一美元即可，三星级以上则要数美元或更多。 然而并不是对任何为你服务的人都要付小费。美国的政府公务人员、警察、公司职员、旅馆服务台、公共汽车司机、电影院引座员、空中小姐、商场营业员、加油站的管理员是不收小费的。如果去自助餐厅、快餐店等自选饭菜的地方用餐也不用付小费。另外，在柜台式餐桌上用餐，小费可以少给，留下一两个25美分的硬币即可。若不清楚在什么情况下该给小费，宜事先询问友人。 在此了解的基础上，还要注意一些特殊的“风俗”。例如：晚间用餐小费需比白天多一些：切记千万不要以penny付小费，当penny丢在桌
上，尽管你付小费很多，很可能会被服务生误解为不满其服务，是一种羞辱的举止。因此除非服务实在是太差了，否则绝不可在小费中放置任何penny。当然若你以信用卡付帐。其实小费也是对服务品质的一种评估，有些服务生为了多赚小费会表现特别热心，不时殷勤询问。然而不必管服务生的眼色，你可依自己对该餐厅及该服务生的满意程度付小费，多给或少给没有人会干涉。在美国各种场合小费多如牛毛，如果你该出手时不出手，几乎寸步难行。上餐馆、旅行住店更是切不可忘记，否则遭人白眼不说，背后还要被诅咒祖宗三代；要不就是晚上回到房间里缺这少那，特别是卫生间里，“纸”到用时方恨少啊！在美国有一些情况，这小费你是不给也得给。一友人出差去美国，到了洛杉矶乘出租车进城，他问司机是否有计价表，司机点头称是，这才放心上车。坐好后，视线前方的一纸“告乘客”映入眼帘：“（1）计价表显示的车费中不含小费；（2）本司机没有5美元以下的零钱。”这前一条还好理解，提醒乘客“自愿”给小费，多多益善。然而这后一条却是明摆着要敲诈没有零钱的乘客，这“小费”您是不是不给也得给啊？还有一种情形，那就是强迫索取小费了。这种情况最常发生在大城市，因为游荡人囗太多，他们常驻足街囗，为你指点路线、擦车窗，或帮你找个停车位等略施小惠，然后等着你给小费。遇到这种强迫中奖的情形最好酌情给一、二个quarter。当然此时对于身边的财物也应小心，财不露外，以免招来危险。而平日最好能避开行为怪异的陌生人，如果一、二个quarter能了事，最好出钱了事，免得因招其纠缠而引起危险。顺便需要提醒的是，如果美国朋友请你吃“AA制”，一定要记住，餐费不但是分开各付各的，小费
99%的中国人会长期误解的英美文化知识
99% 的中国人会长期误解的英美文化知识 乱七八糟的都讲一点，是真正的杂谈，资料来源主要是英美人的宪法法律法规历史教材等等，为了阅读方便，前面不注明出处，最后会一一列出。 很多错误，历史来源已久，一般是翻译错误，尤其是因为翻译者的参考文献渠道不足。我能在这里纠正，主要是因为今天的电子资讯手段足够发达。 1. 美国的50 个“州”，应该翻译为50“国”，“美利坚合众国”应该翻译为“美利坚联合国”。这问题很复杂，后面慢慢谈。 2. 美利坚联合国是没有规定官方语言的。其他各国（州），有的有规定，有的没有。 英语只是事实上的通用语，因为使用的人最多；西班牙语是英语之后的第二大共同语，占全国人口12%，因为美国这片土地的最早征服者是西班牙人； 第三大共同语，是广东话，不是中国普通话，主要是移民文化决定的。在美国法庭认证的口译服务中，有广东话(Cantonese)、福建/闽南话(Fukienese)、台山话(Toisanese)、客家话(Hakkanese)、上海话(Shanghainese)，等等。目前为止，官方中文版以繁体字居多。 美国最早的建国业绩，应该从西班牙人开始算起，虽然当时他们对美洲本地人作恶多端。 3. NBA 中的费城76人队(Philadelphia 76ers)，不是指76 个队员，应该叫美国1776 年人队，或者叫76 年人队。 球队的英文名为Philadelphia 76ers。这只球队的组建，是为了纪念1776 年《独立宣言》在费城的签署，在英文中spirit of seventy-six 就是指1776 年的独立宣言精神，有一部电影就叫The Spirit of '76，也是指这段历史。英文的拼法，一般美国人是不会理解错误的，中文翻译为76 人，显然不恰当。 4. 其次谈谈美国的爱尔兰人。 英格兰、苏格兰、爱尔兰在历史上都曾经是彼此独立的国家。 跟中国不同，他们之间始终没有被彻底征服和消灭，其中奥妙就是里通外国，苏格兰和爱尔兰都打不过英格兰，不想被吞并，苏格兰请法国人帮忙，爱尔兰请西班牙人帮忙。 自十二世纪开始，爱尔兰只是名义上被英格兰统治。1558 年伊丽莎白登基，新教成为英格兰宗教主流，而爱尔兰跟西班牙一样信天主教。两种信仰之间的冲突加剧。不过，西班牙军队没有起到很大作用，最后，伊丽莎白的部队ruthlessly cracked down 了爱尔兰的起义。 当时很多英格兰士兵认为爱尔兰人是野蛮土著，这种观念一直持续到今天的英国和撒克逊美国人，就像上海人发明了一个“硬盘人”（外地人，拼写为WD，是西部数据硬盘的商标）。
英美文化背景知识
英美文化背景知识 英语国家中传统的文娱和体育活动；棒球、橄榄球等；英国； 4月23日/7月---戏剧节--为纪念莎士比亚而举行的盛大文娱活动 英语国家中重要的节假日及主要庆祝方式圣诞节---12月25日，情人节----2月14日；感恩节—11月的第四个星期四开始，持续四天 感恩节 每年11月的最后一个星期四是感恩节 (Thanksgiving Day) 。感恩节是美国人民独创的一个古老节日，也是美国人合家欢聚的节日，因此美国人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。 感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史的发端。1620年，著名的“五月花”号船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒102人到达美洲。1620年和1621年之交的冬天，他们遇到了难以想象的困难，处在饥寒交迫之中，冬天过去时，活下来的移民只有50来人。这时，心地善良的印第安人给移民送来了生活必需品，还特地派人教他们怎样狩猎、捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜。在印第安人的帮助下，移民们终于获得了丰收，在欢庆丰收的日子，按照宗教传统习俗，移民规定了感谢上帝的日子，并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助，邀请他们一同庆祝节日。 在第一个感恩节的这一天，印第安人和移民欢聚一堂，他们在黎明时鸣放礼炮，列队走进一间用作教堂的屋子，虔诚地向上帝表达谢意，然后点起篝火举行盛大宴会。第二天和第三天又举行了摔跤、赛跑、唱歌、跳舞等活动。第一个感恩节非常成功。其中许多庆祝方式流传了300多年，一直保留到今天。 初时感恩节没有固定日期，由各州临时决定。直到美国独立后的1863年，林肯总统宣布感恩节为全国性节日。 习俗 每逢感恩节这一天，美国举国上下热闹非常，人们按照习俗前往教堂做感恩祈祷，城乡市镇到处举行化装游行、戏剧表演和体育比赛等，学校和商店也都按规定放假体息。孩子们还模仿当年印第安人的模样穿上离奇古怪的服装，画上脸谱或戴上面具到街上唱歌、吹喇叭。散居在他乡外地的家人也会回家过节，一家人团团围坐在一起，大嚼美味火鸡。 同时，好客的美国人也忘不掉这一天邀请好友、单身汉或远离家乡的入共度佳节。从18世纪起，美国就开始出现一种给贫穷人家送一篮子食物的风俗。当时有一群年轻妇女想在一年中选一天专门做善事，认为选定感恩节是最恰当不过的。所以感恩节一到，她们就装上满清一篮食物亲自送到穷人家。这件事远近传闻，不久就有许多人学着她们的样子做起来。 美食 美国人一年中最重视的一餐，就是感恩节的晚宴。在美国这个生活节奏很快，竞争激烈的国度里，平日的饮食极为简单。但在感恩节的夜晚，家家户户都大办筵席，物品之丰盛，令人咋舌。在节日的餐桌上，上至总统，下至庶民，火鸡和南瓜饼都是必备的。因此，感恩
英美文化背景 英美人习惯(英美文化常识)
英美人习惯(英美文化常识) 问路（Asking the way）：问路是到达目的地最省事、最有效的办法。在英美国家，人们对于外国人问路通常会热心回答的。但在问话时，他们不喜欢你一口气很流利地背出许多问话，也不喜欢在别人思考你的问题时一直追问，更不喜欢陌生人离他们太近，这样会使他们觉得很不自在，甚至觉得是一种威胁，因为西方人的空间意识很强。 乘车（Taking a bus）：英美人候车总是很自觉排队上车。他们遵循“First come, first served.”（谁先到，谁先上）的行为准则。英美人不喜欢搭乘过路车，因为你很可能遇上不怀好意的人或者歹徒。 在图书馆（At the library）：英美国家的图书馆每天从上午一直开放到子夜。有些图书馆里还有供学生租用的一间间小室，是学生们最喜欢的场所之一，也是学生们从事学术研究、著书立说的最佳场所。 购物（Shopping）：英美人把周末当作上街购物日，他们喜欢在这时开着自己的车上街购足一周所需要的日用品和食品。星期日则喜欢在家料理家务，或外出郊游、访友。 谈论天气（Talking about the weather）：英国人特别喜欢谈天气，这也许是因为英国的天气历来变化无常，为人们在茶余饭后提供了话题。但他们很少为谈天气而谈天气，人们往往以此很自然地引出许多其他的话题。 询问健康（Asking about health）：表示对某人健康情况的关心时，英美人不喜欢中国人带有劝告性的忠告，如“请多穿衣”“多喝水”。他们认为这犹如家长的口气，并非出于关心。探望病人，英美人一般不送大礼，更不能送食品。他们喜欢送鲜花或慰问卡片或书、唱片等。 在饭馆（In a restaurant）：在英美，不可以用自己的刀叉为别人添菜，也不能把自己盘里的菜分给别人。在吃饭时，一般不允许抽烟。付款时，人们喜欢各付各的，除非你事先说自己请客，否则随同去的女性也自己买单。
小学生英语课外拓展资料——英美文化背景——英美人习惯(英美文化常识)
小学生英语课外拓展资料——英美文化背景 英美人习惯(英美文化常识) 问路（Asking the way）：问路是到达目的地最省事、最有效的办法。在英美国家，人们对于外国人问路通常会热心回答的。但在问话时，他们不喜欢你一口气很流利地背出许多问话，也不喜欢在别人思考你的问题时一直追问，更不喜欢陌生人离他们太近，这样会使他们觉得很不自在，甚至觉得是一种威胁，因为西方人的空间意识很强。 乘车（Taking a bus）：英美人候车总是很自觉排队上车。他们遵循“First come, first served.”（谁先到，谁先上）的行为准则。英美人不喜欢搭乘过路车，因为你很可能遇上不怀好意的人或者歹徒。 在图书馆（At the library）：英美国家的图书馆每天从上午一直开放到子夜。有些图书馆里还有供学生租用的一间间小室，是学生们最喜欢的场所之一，也是学生们从事学术研究、著书立说的最佳场所。 购物（Shopping）：英美人把周末当作上街购物日，他们喜欢在这时开着自己的车上街购足一周所需要的日用品和食品。星期日则喜欢在家料理家务，或外出郊游、访友。 谈论天气（Talking about the weather）：英国人特别喜欢谈天气，这也许是因为英国的天气历来变化无常，为人们在茶余饭后提供了话题。但他们很少为谈天气而谈天气，人们往往以此很自然地引出许多其他的话题。 询问健康（Asking about health）：表示对某人健康情况的关心时，英美人不喜欢中国人带有劝告性的忠告，如“请多穿衣”“多喝水”。他们认为这犹如家长的口气，并非出于关心。探望病人，英美人一般不送大礼，更不能送食品。他们喜欢送鲜花或慰问卡片或书、唱片等。 在饭馆（In a restaurant）：在英美，不可以用自己的刀叉为别人添菜，也不能把自己盘里的菜分给别人。在吃饭时，一般不允许抽烟。付款时，人们喜欢各付各的，除非你事先说自己请客，否则随同去的女性也自己买单。 第 1 页共1 页
我所了解的英美文化小常识
我所了解的英美文化小常识 我所了解的英美文化小常识:如何付小费 在美国付小费是个经常会遇到的问题，而且它有一约定俗成的习惯，最好能做到入境问俗，如果您不知其中的“秘密”，也许会让您陷入意想不到的尴尬，甚至会出丑。 凡是搭计程车、到餐厅吃饭、服务生或机场人员代提行李等，都是须给小费的。一般情况下，付给出租汽车司机的小费大约是全程路费的10—15,;付给搬运工的是每提一个箱子1美元;理发、美容的小费为理发、美容费的10—15,;,给为你代泊车、取车的服务人员每次是一美元;到餐厅吃饭，付小费约为10%—15%;而住旅馆如不是三星级以上的，一般每天出门前放在桌上一美元即可，三星级以上则要数美元或更多。,, 然而并不是对任何为你服务的人都要付小费。美国的政府公务人员、警察、公司职员、旅馆服务台、公共汽车司机、电影院引座员、空中小姐、商场营业员、加油站的管理员是不收小费的。如果去自助餐厅、快餐店等自选饭菜的地方用餐也不用付小费。另外，在柜台式餐桌上用餐，小费可以少给，留下一两个25美分的硬币即可。若不清楚在什么情况下该给小费，宜事先询问友人。, , 在此了解的基础上，还要注意一些特殊的“风俗”。例如:晚间用餐小费需比白天多一些:切记千万不要以penny付小费，当penny丢在桌上，尽管你付小费很多，很可能会被服务生误解为不满其服务，是一 种羞辱的举止。因此除非服务实在是太差了，否则绝不可在小费中放置任何penny。当然若你以信用卡付帐。,其实小费也是对服务品质的一种评估，有些服务
生为了多赚小费会表现特别热心，不时殷勤询问。然而不必管服务生的眼色，你可依自己对该餐厅及该服务生的满意程度付小费，多给或少给没有人会干涉。, , 在美国各种场合小费多如牛毛，如果你该出手时不出手，几乎寸步难行。上餐馆、旅行住店更是切不可忘记，否则遭人白眼不说，背后还要被诅咒祖宗三代;要不就是晚上回到房间里缺这少那，特别是卫生间里，“纸”到用时方恨少啊～, , 在美国有一些情况，这小费你是不给也得给。一友人出差去美国，到了洛杉矶乘出租车进城，他问司机是否有计价表，司机点头称是，这才放心上车。坐好后，视线前方的一纸“告乘客”映入眼帘:“(1)计价表显示的车费中不含小费;(2)本司机没有5美元以下的零钱。”这前一条还好理解，提醒乘客“自愿”给小费，多多益善。然而这后一条却是明摆着要敲诈没有零钱的乘客，这“小费”您是不是不给也得给啊,,, 还有一种情形，那就是强迫索取小费了。这种情况最常发生在大城市，因为游荡人囗太多，他们常驻足街囗，为你指点路线、擦车窗，或帮你找个停车位等略施小惠，然后等着你给小费。遇到这种强迫中奖的情形最好酌情给一、二个quarter。当然此时对于身边的财物也应小心，财不露外，以免招来危险。而平日最好能避开行为怪异的陌生人，如果 一、二个quarter能了事，最好出钱了事，免得因招其纠缠而引起危险。,, 顺便需要提醒的是，如果美国朋友请你吃“AA制”，一定要记住，餐费不但是分开各付各的，小费也要各掏一半腰包的啊，否则也会闹出一些尴尬来的。
英美文化常识(北外保送生考试常年保留题型!!!)
1.What are the two major parties in Britan? ------They are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. 2.What is the official full name of Britain? -----It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3.Who is the head of government in Ireland? -----It is the Prime Minister. 4.Who is James Joyce? -----He is the most well-know Irish writer of the modern period. 5.Who were the first Americans? ------They were the Indians. 6.What kind of economic system does the United States have? -----It has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector. 7.What is bilingualism? -----The phenomenon that English and French are the two official languages in Canada is called bilingualism. 8.What are the geographical feature of Australia as a continent? ------Australia is the flatest and lowest of the continents. 9.What are the powers the constitution confers on the House of Representatives? ------The House of Representatives has powers to make and change laws. 10.What animal is a national symbol of New Zealand? ------The kiwi is a national symbol of the country. 11.What is the Renaissance? ------Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history. 12.What are the most important journals in the U.K.? ------They are the Economist,New Statesman and Society,and Spectator. 13.Why is the Shannon River important to Ireland? ------Because it provides electricity for much of the Republic. 14.How many states are there in the United States? ------There are 50 states in the United States. 15.What is Hispanic? ------A Hispanic is a Spanish-speaking person of the United States. 16.What is the Bill of Rights? -------It is the term used for the first ten amendments to the Constitution. 17.What is the Canada Council? -----It is the Canadian Government’s funding agency. 18.What is Aborigines? -------It is the term used to describe the original people of Australia. 19.What was the nature of the White Australia Policy? ------It was a discriminatory immigration policy,which restricted the non –whites to enter Australia. 20.What are New Zealand’s main exports? ------Meat,wool and dairy products are main exports. 21.What was Queen Mary known as? e last ------She was known as the “Bloody Mary”and also remembered as the monarch who lost th
英美文化背景知识
英美文化背景知识Newspapers in Britain and the US National and local papers In Britain there are 11 national daily newspapers and most people read one of them every day. There are two kinds of newspaper. One is large in size and has many detailed articles about national and international events. These newspapers are called the serious papers or the quality papers. The other kind, called the tabloids is smaller in size, have more pictures, often in colour, and shorter articles, often about less important events or about the private lives of well-know people. Although some people disapprove(反对) of the tabloids(小报), more people buy them than buy the serious newspaper. The Sun, for example, which is a tabloid, is the biggest-selling newspaper in Britain. People who disapprove of the tabloids very strongly sometimes call them the Gutter Press. There are daily or weekly newspapers in all parts of Britain which cover local news as well as some national and international stories. Local papers give information about films, concerts, and other things that are happening in the local neighborhood, including, for example, information about local people who have been married or died recently. National papers generally give information about film, concerts and other events happening in London, In Scotland, many people read the Glasgow Herald or the Scotsman and there are Scottish Editions of the tabloids. There also many free local newspapers which are delivered to people’s homes whether they ask for them or not. These contain a lot of advertisements(广告) and also some news.