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同位语从句的概念

同位语从句的概念
同位语从句的概念

?同位语从句的概念:

在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系是同位关系,即主表关系。

?同位语从句的用法:

1、同位语从句的引导:

词引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等:

如:We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。

I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。

The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。

注:whether可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。

2、同位语从句与定语从句的区别:

(1)意义的不同:

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:如:We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。

(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制thenews的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)

(2)引导词的不同:

what, how, if, whatever等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。

(3)引导词的功能上的不同:

that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。

如上例that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

(4)被修饰词语的区别:

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。

另外,when和where引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词thereason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定:

如:I have no idea when they will come. 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句) I'll never forget the days when I lived there. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)

We don't understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句)

There a son why he didn't come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会,原因是他生病了。(定语从句)

同位语从句用法解析:

一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质:

在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether, what, which, who, when, where, why, how等词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation,

suggestion, conclusion, word, possibility等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。

例:The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。

析:they had won the game说明the news的全部内容,因此该句为同位语从句。

二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词,准确把握同位语从句:

1、如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。(即that不充当任何成分,只起

连接作用,不可省略)

例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。

析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。

2、如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"是否"的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。(if

不能引导同位语从句)

例:We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。

析:the sports meeting will be held on time 意义不完整,应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容,因此应用whether引导同位语从句。

3、如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义,应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。

例1:I have no idea when he will be back.

析:he will be back 意义不完整,应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。

例2:I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.

析:he went home 意义不完整,应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。

4、当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。

如:The thought came to him that may be the enemy had fled the city.

三大类从句的引导词

引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句. 第一部分:常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 (1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised me. (2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.(3)Who will be our monitor has't been decided yet. (4) Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.(5)What caused the accident remains unknown. (6)Whatever you did is right. (7)Whose watch was lost is unknown. (8)What we need is time. (9)What we need are good doctors. 小结: (1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等

(2)连词位于句首不能省略 (3)主语从句大多数情况下视为单三,但也有例外,如例9 第二部分:为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末 (1)It is certain that he will win the match. (2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. (3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. (4)It is strange that he should do that. (5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting.(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. (7)It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our vacation. (8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident. (9)It is said that he has gone to Taiwan.(=He is said to have gone to Taiwan)

(完整word版)同位语从句属于名词性从句

同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由从属连词that引导,常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。例如: They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点,所有的物质都是由原子构成的。 1、从先行词来看 同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是"主语+be+表语"的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。例如: They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。 2、从引导词来看 引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分---主语或宾语,有具体词意,作宾语时还可以省略。试比较: The factory(that)we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。(that在从句中作宾语,所以此句是宾语从句) The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。(that只起连接从句的作用,所以此句是同谓语从句) 同位语从句讲解及练习 一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用t hat, whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, an swer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。 例:The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whol e school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。

高中同位语从句专项语法习题

高中同位语从句专项语法习题 1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.what C.which D.why 3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./ D.it 5.I have no idea ____ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow. A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease. A.that B.as C.of which D.which 10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing. A.whether B.where C.that D.when 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA

(完整版)同位语从句和定语从句练习

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(完整word版)时间状语从句地引导词

时间状语从句的引导词 when, before, after, as, while, till/until, since,whenever 时间状语从句的用法 时间状语从句的引导词所表示的意思不尽相同,要注意把握不同的时间状语从句的引导词所表示的不同时间关系,以及它在具体句子中对应的对应时态、语态等问题。 1. when、as、while引导的时间状语从句分析: (1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”,when既可以指时间段也可指时间点,从句中既可用短暂性动词又可用延续性动词,且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。 注意体会如下例句: I’ll call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。 When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要风一吹,这门就吱嘎作响。

When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时,妻子在做晚饭。 如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同,而从句的谓语又是be动词时,那么从句中的主语和be 可以省略;当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时,往往还可以用“when+分词”的形式替代该状语从句。例如: When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。 When I came into the room (=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep. 当我进入房间的时候,我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。 (2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”,它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行,用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中,主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词,例如 Study while you study; play while you play.

关于同位语从句的教学

关于同位语从句的教学 同位语从句是名词性从句中的一种,在教学的时候,如果我们仅仅按照教材中所提供的内容或者简单地举几个 例子的话,我们发现能够完全掌握同位语从句的同学很少。但是,如果我们对教学中和考试中出现的同位语从句进行归纳和总结,形成要点,分清层次,然后由浅入深地进行讲解,同学们就很容易掌握了。 要点一:明确什么是同位语从句和同位语。在复合句中名词性成分之后与该名词性成分并列,补充说明该名词性成分的有关情况的名词性从句,被称为同位语从句。同位语从句所修饰的名词即为同位语。用作同位语的词多为抽象名词,如:idea,chance,possibility,answer,reply,Hews,word(消息),belief,message,suggestion,hope,doubt,problem,question,order,report,thought,wish,remark,information,truth等。同位语从句与所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,是对同位语的进一步解释和说明。例如:There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury intime forthe race.该句中chance之后的从句为同位语从句,它是对chance的内容作具体的解释说明,而chance则为同位语。

要点二:掌握同位语从句中从句的引导词。同位语从句一般用连词that,whether,连接副词how,when,where等来引导(正which不能引导同位语从句)。如:The possi-bility that the majority of the labor force will work at home isoften discussed.该句中同位语为possibility,其后的同位语从句由that引导。但是,使用同位语从句的时候,遇到以下情况时要注意其引导词的区别: 第一种情况:当同位语从句所表达的内容肯定或意义完整时,用引导词that引导,that不充当任何成分且不可以省略。如:Nobody believed his reason for being absentfrom the class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport.该句中同位语为reason,class后的从句为同位语从句,该从句所表达的是reason的全部内容且意义完整故用that引导。 第二种情况:当同位语从句所表达的意思不确定时,即含有“是否”的意思时用引导词whether,不能用if。如:Ihave n0 idea whether our team will win the game tomorrow.该句中同位语从句所表达的意义不确定,应加“是否”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容。 第三种情况:如果同位语从句意义不完整,需要增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义时,应用when.where,how等疑问词引导同位语从句。如:Do youhave

同位语从句专项讲解及练习含答案

同位语从句。 一. 同位语从句定义。 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词/先行词后面,用以说明该名词/先行词表示的具体内容。 二. 同位语从句的名词/先行词。 1.可以跟同位语从句的名词/先行词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。 例:I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 2. 在某些名词(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 例:There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 3.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词/先行词后面,而被别的词隔开。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。 三. 同位语从句的引导词。 1.连词that引导,引导同位语从句的that不能省略,which不能引导同位语从句。 例:The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。 2. 连词whether引导,if不能引导同位语从句。 例:The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。 3.其它引导词引导,连接代词what,who,whom,whose,引导同位语从句。 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。 2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. 问题谁来接替他的位置还不是很明朗。 4. 连接副词when,where,how,why 引导。 例:We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。 四. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 1. 意义的不同。 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来: We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句) We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句) 2.引导词的不同。 what,how,whatever 等可引导同位语从句,但不引导定语从句。Which可引导定语从句但不引导同位语从句。3. 引导词的功能上的不同 that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。 4. 被修饰词语的区别。

定语从句与同位语从句(全)

教案7.21 定语从句详细讲解 一、定义及相关术语 1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用: A.引导定语从句; B.代替先行词; C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2.whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语,常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意:关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.

表格语从句引导词

表格语从句引导词集团档案编码:[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

表语从句 连接词:that/whether/asif/asthough 连接代词:who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词:when/where/why/how/because 1)that在从句中仅起连接作用,无实际意义,在句中不做任何成分,不能省略。 2)whether在表语从句中表是否但不充当句子的成分。if不能引导表语从句.如: 1.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsis whethe rmymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon. 2.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing. 3)What在表语从句中充当主语宾语表语,表示什么,什么样子,…的人或事. 1.Thequestionis whatcausedtheaccident. 2.Thatmountainisnolonger whatitusedtobe. 3.Whathetoldyouwas what hadbeendiscussedatthemeeting. 4)who在表语从句中充当主语,宾语,表语,表示谁。. 1.Theproblemiswhocoulddothework 2.Mytroubleiswho(whom)Icanturnto. 5)which在引导表语从句时,常充当定语,表语表示哪一个,哪一些。如:Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother,butwhatIdon’tknowis which(book)itis. 6)由asif,asthough引导表语从句,表示好像。句子中的系动词常用 be,look,appear,seem,sound等。 1.Itlooksasifitwasdoingtorain. 2.Theyoungmanwithlonghairlooksasifhewereagirl. 7)当主句的主语为reason,或者是由why引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用that来引导,而 不能由because引导;because引导表语从句时只能用于It/That/Thisis/wasbecause…句型中. 1.ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain. 2.Iwaslate.It/That/ThiswasbecauseImissedthetrain. 注意:当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备,但是还是要表示疑问含义,可以判断句子中缺少状语,常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导,有why,when,where,how等 Thisishowhedidit. Thatiswhythebrotherswantedtomakeabet. That’swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter. 表语从句引导词注意事项 1.that引导表语从句时不能省. 2.if不能引导表语从句. 3.除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。 4.除that,whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分

同位语从句连接词

引导同位语从句的标示词 belief(信念,信仰), fact(事实), hope(希望), idea(主意,观点), doubt (猜疑,质疑), news(消息), rumor(谣言), conclusion(结论), evidence (证据), suggestion(意见), problem(问题), decision(决策), discovery (重大发现), explanation(借口,解释), information(信息), knowledge (知识,见闻), order(命令,秩序), law(法律), opinion(观点), truth (真相,事实), promise(许诺,诺言), report(报告), thought(想法,主意,思想), statement(声明,陈述), rule(法规,制度), possibility(可能性),theory(理论),assumption (假设,假想),charge(指责) 非人称主语形式总结: It is hoped that…希望,有人希望It is assumed that…假设,假定It is claimed tha t…据说,有人主张It is believed that…有人相信It is reported that…据报道It is considered that…人们认为,据估计 It is said that… 据说,有人说It is supposed that…据推测,人们推测It has been announced that…已经宣布It is asserted that… 有人主张It is rumored that…听说,谣传It is noticed that…有人指出,人们注意到 It is suggested that… 有人建议It is reputed that…人们认为It is learned that…据说,据闻It is demonstrated that…据证实,已经证明It is estimated that…据估计,有人估计It is pointed out that…有人推荐,有人建议 It is proposed that…有人提出It was told that…有人曾说It will be seen from that…人们有时会问It was noted above that…前面已经指出It is stressed that…有人强调It cannot be denied that…无可否认It is sometimes asked that…人们有时会问It is felt that…有人认识到It is alleged that…据说It is cal culated that… 据计算It has been proved that…已经证明It has been found that…人们已经发现It is still to be hoped that…我们仍然希望It will be said that… 有人会说It must been admitted that…必须承认,老实说 It has been illustrated that… 据图示,据说明It is universally accepted that…人们普遍认为It was first intended that…最初就有这样的想法It is unanimously agreed that…大家一致认同It is well-known that… 众所周知,大家都知道It should be realized that…我们应该意识到 It can be said without exaggeration that…可以毫不夸张的说

同位语从句讲解

初中英语语法同位语从句专项讲解与训练(一) 概念 一般来说,在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它通常跟在某些名词之后,用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有: advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, p roposal, reply, report, suggestion, word(消息), problem, question, doubt, thought等。例如: They were delighted at the news that their team had won. 当听到他们队获胜的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你从哪儿听说我不能来? 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。如: The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book. 他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了。 (二)引导词 请仔细观察下列句子,注意从句引导词的用法。 1. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.

2. He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there. 3. The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting 4. I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now. 5. We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our s ummer vacation this year. 6. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station. 7. I have no idea when he will be back. [小结归纳] ① that引导同位语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,但通常不可以省略,如句1; ② whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”,通常不能用if来代替,如句2; ③连接代词who, what等可以引导同位语从句,如句3, 4; ④连接副词where, how, when等可以引导同位语从句,如句5,6,7。 (三) that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句 ①意义不同:同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容;而定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词。试比较: 1. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 2. The news that you told us is really encouraging.

定语从句和同位语从句区别归纳

定语从句和同位语从句的区别 一、定语从句是形容词从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的;同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。例如: 1.We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。 2.We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。 例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词,其作用是修饰the news;例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词,是对the news的进一步说明。 二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等;而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。例如: 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。 2. The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实,他们没有完成工作。 例1中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分,作从句的主语,故为定语从句;例2中的that只起连接作用,引导从句解释fact的内容,不作任何句子成分,故为同位语从句。 引导从句的关联词that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。 三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略,更不能被代替。例如: 1. The news that she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。 2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。 例1是定语从句,that可省略;例2是同位语从句,that不能省略。 3. The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。 4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上,这一想法引起我们的注意。

同位语从句——语法专题讲解

同位语从句——语法专题讲解

高中英语语法专题讲解 专题二、同位语从句 一、同位语从句概述 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句,常见的可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有:belief, chance, doubt, hope, idea, news, opinion, thought, promise等。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, whether和副词how, when, where等。 二、同位语从句 (1)同位语从句是意义完整的陈述句时,用连词that引导。注:that在从句中不充当任 何成分,只起连接作用,通常不省略。 eg:I got the news that he would come to see me the next week. (2)同位语从句是疑问句时,应根据语境选用who, when ,where, how, whether(不能用if) 等词来引导。 eg:The question who is the best for the job requires consideration. (3)分隔式同位语从句:当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,为了使句子保持平 衡,常把同位语从句后置。

eg:An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring. (4)后面常跟同位语的词有:doubt, fact, hope, idea, message, news, possibility, promise, question, suggestion,truth,thought,warning,wish等。 ●注:advice, order, suggestion等词表示建议、 命令的词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词须 eg:He made the suggestion that the meeting(should) be put off. 三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1)所表达的内容不同:同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面,但同位语从 句是对该名词的解释和说明,而定语从句 是对该名词的修饰,说明它的性质特征。eg:The fact that he presented was a strong proof. The fact that she hadn’t said anything surprised us all. (2)在句中所起的语法作用不同:引导定语从句的that是关系代词,它的作用是连接主

定语从句和同位语从句的区别

定语从句和同位语从句的区别 定语从句与同位语从句是高中英语教学内容的重点,也是英语阅读中的难点,它们相似的位置,使许多学生往往混淆,阻碍了对文章的理解。那么,如何正确地区分定语从句与同位语从句呢? 一、从意义上讲,定语从句的作用相当于一个形容词,是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的;同位语从句的作用相当于一个名词,是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。例如: 1.We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。(定语从句) 2.We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。(同位语从句) 二、从引导词的句法功能上讲,定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等;而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。例如: 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。 2. The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实,他们没有完成工作。 三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略,更不能被代替。例如: 1. The news (that) she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。 2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。 3. The reason why (= for which) he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。 4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上,这一想法引起我们的注意。 四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系,二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系,可用“主+系+表”结构来表示,即添加法。而定语从句所修饰的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语。例如:The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。 (上句若用“主+系+表”结构来表示,则是: The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。 意思合理,系表结构成立,故为同位语从句.) The reason (that )he explained is true. 五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词,可以有复数形式;而同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位,(如:idea,plan,fact,theory,promise,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,question,thought,belief,conclusion),一般没有复数形式。例如: 1. The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些。(possibilities是定语从句的先行词,可用复数形式) 2. Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to go to school. 她的母亲很担心,她女儿有可能不喜欢上学。(possibility是抽象名词,后接的是同位语从句,一般不用复数形式) 六、由when, why, where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词,但它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。例如: 1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。 2. I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道她何时回来。 3. This is the house where I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住的房子。 4. The question where we shall have a meeting hasn't decided. 我们到什么地方去开会,这个问题没有决定。例1、3中的when和where引导的是定语从句,day 和house分别表示时间和地点;例2、4中的when 和where引导的是同位语从句。

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