2011年12月英语四级(CET4)真题

2011年12月英语四级（CET4)真题

Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上．

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitle d Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous s aying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more tha n 180 words.

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the p assage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7 choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentence with the information given in the passage.

Why Integrity Matters

What Is Integrity?

The key to integrity is consistency- not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fair

ness) but also living up to those standards each and every day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical (道德上的) stand ards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.

What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical stand ards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse (缺失) of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essent ial in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus integrity must be on e of our most important goals.

Risky Business

We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision, making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understa nding why we acted as we did and then exploring ways to avoid similar pr oblems in the future.

Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future probl ems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks

we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who d oesn't know the rules a about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use wor ds or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep carefu l research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as r equired. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct, Ignorance is not a defense.

"But Everybody Does It"

Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manag e to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "E veryone else does it." "I'm not hurting anyone", or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm look at another's ex am, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I’m just checking my answers, not copying." We mus t be honest about our actions and avoid excuses, if we fool ourselves in to believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choic e we're making - and that leads to bad decisions.

To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over yore shoulder. If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a n indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.

Evaluating Risks

To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the con sequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as posit ive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they lat er regret usually focus on immolate benefits and simply haven't consider ed what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious a nd may include a "O" on a test or assignment, an "F" in the class, suspe nsion (暂令停学) or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation. In fa ct, when you break a role or law, you lose control over your life and gi ve others the power to impose punishment that you have no control over. This is an extremely vulnerable (脆弱的) position. There may be some mat ters of life and death or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.

Getting Away with it - Or Not

Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater does n't learn from the test, which deprives (剥夺) him her of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating d

estroys self-respect and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty and afraid of getting caught.

Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually ch eats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risk s leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the l ater he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences.

Cheating Hurts Other, Too

Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" an d don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have an intense cumul ative (累积的) effect. Cheating can spread like a disease. Recent statis tics suggest 30％ or more of college students cheat. If a class is grade d on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat I can't compete with those who do") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of goof teaching is seeing students learn. But a cheater says. "I'm not interested in wha t you're trying to teach, all I care about is stealing a grade, regardle ss of the effect on others." The end result is a destructive attack on t

he quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the university and harm those who worked hard for their degree.

Why Integrity Marten

If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must r ely on the honesty and good faith of others, if not, we couldn't put mon ey in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive acros s a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. Ther e are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals for get or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Water gate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of po litical and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.

In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integr ity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.

1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.（A）

A) sticks to them in their daily life

B) makes them known to others

C) understands their true values

D) sees that others also follow them

2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationsh ips?（C）

A) It helps to create team spirit

B) It facilitates communication

C) It is the basis of mutual trust

D) It inspires mutual respect

3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？（A）

A. To ensure we make responsible choices.

B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.

C. so tha t we don’t break any rules.

D. so that we don’t run into trouble.

4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______?（B）

A. it has caused no harm.

B. it is claimed to be unintentional.

C. it has gone unnoticed.

D. it is committed with good intentions.

5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself? （A）

A. Avoid making excuses.

B. Listen to other people’s advice.

C. Make his intensions public.

D. Have others watch over his shoulder.

6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______.（C）

A. will often become more cautious

B. are usually very aggressive

C. value immediate benefits most.

D. may lose everything in the end

7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.（A）

A) pay more dearly

B) become more confident

C) be widely admired

D) feel somewhat lucky

8. Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care abou t is how to stealing a grade

9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s hone sty and good faith.

10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leader s as a result of the Watergate scandal.

PartⅣ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices gi ven in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through caref ully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified b y letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer S heet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

With the world's population estimated to grow from six to nine billi on by 2050, researchers. businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and wate r to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs. Underling all this 47 will be t he demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 year s.

Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 48 . sustainable w ay is the cornerstone (基石) of our nation's energy security, and will b e one of the major 49 of the 21st century. Alternative forms of ener gy- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few are 50 being funded and developed, and will play a growing 51 in the world's energy supply. But experts say that even when 52 , alternative energy sources will l ikely meet only about 30% of the world's energy needs by 2050.

For example, even with 53 investments, such as the $93 million fo r wind energy development 54 in the American Recovery and Reinvestmen t Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels 55 only about 1% of the market today.

Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energ y needs will likely come from a lot of 56 both traditional and altern ative.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A)stable I)exactly

B)solutions J)consist

C)significant K)comprise

D)role L)competitions

E)progress M)combined

F)marvelous N)challenges

G)included O)certainly

H)growth

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is fo llowed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them ther e are four chokes marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the bes t choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a sing le line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express th eir emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and musi c.

Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinit y (阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype. a US study says.

Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involv ed in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotion

al expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy c ode" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".

The findings of the study so against received wisdom that boys do be tter when taught alongside girls.

Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being faded b y the British education system because it had become too focused on girl s. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actuall y more emotional than girls.

The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools b ecause they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.

But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learn ing style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to co mpete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail Jam es, of the University of Virginia.

Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy -focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view clas sical music as feminine (女性的) and prefer the modem genre (类型) in wh ich violence and sexism are major themes, "James wrote.

Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel t hey had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in

charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools boys feel compelled to act l ike men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means, " the study reported.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57. The author believes that a single-sex school would ____ .

A) force boys to hide their emotions to be "real men"

B) help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys

C) encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

D) naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man

58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _____ .

A) Perform relatively better C) behave more responsibly

B) grow up more healthily D) receive a better educat ion

59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?

A) It fails more boys than girls academically.

B) It focuses more on mixed school education.

C) It fails to give boys the attention they need.

D) It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ______.

A) teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

B) boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted

C) boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in

D) teaching can be designed to promote boys' team spirit

61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Ab igail James' report?

A) They enjoy being in charge. C) They have sharper visio n.

B) They conform to stereotypes. D) They are violent and se xist.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are bated on the following passage.

It's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partne r says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off and we have no savings to save us. I say you only live once and we work hard and wha t's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means n o argument next year - we just won't go.

Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday A YouGov poll of 2, 000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What's less clear is whether divorce and separ ation rates rise in a recession - financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent research shows arg uments about money were especially damaging to couples. Disputes were ch aracterized by intense verbal ( 言语上的) aggression, tended to be repea ted and not resolved and made men, more than women, extremely angry.

Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes, which may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different ideas of what it's for." he explains. "They'll say it's to sav e to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them." H e says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achieved something.

"The biggest problem is that couples assume each other know what's g oing on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo (禁忌) about talking about money than about death. But you both n eed to know what you're doing, who's paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don't h ave to agree about money, but you have to talk about it."

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答：

62. What does the author say about vacationing?

A) People enjoy it all the more during a recession.

B) Few people can afford it without working hard.

C) It makes all the hard work worthwhile.

D) It is the chief cause of family disputes.

63. What does the author mean by saying "money is known ... to bring

a relationship to its knees"(Line 1, Para. 2)?

A) Money is considered to be the root of all evils.

B) Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.

C) Few people can resist the temptation of money.

D) Disputes over money may rain a relationship.

64. The YouGov poll of 2, 000 people indicates that in a recession _ _____ .

A) conflicts between couples tend to rise

B) it is more expensive for couples to split up

C) couples show more concern for each other

D) divorce and separation rates increase

65. What does Kim Stephenson believe?

A) Money is often a symbol of a person's status.

B) Money means a great deal to both and women.

C) Men and women spend money on different things.

D) Men and women view money in different ways.

66. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples shoul

d ______ .

A) put their money together instead of keeping it separately

B) make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets

C) discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship

D) avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic

Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each bland there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of th e paper You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throu gh the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

The research 84 worries about the lack of progress in improving basic skills in the UK 85 . Half of the employer expressed worries abou t employees' basic literacy and numeracy（计算)skills, while the biggest problem is with IT skills, 86 two-thirds reported concerns.

67. A) submits C) launches

B) reveals D) generates

68. A) audience C) partners

B) officials D) staff

69. A) while C) for

B) because D) although

70. A) exits C) absences

B) shortages D) departures

71. A) surveyed C) exposed

B) searched D) exploited

72. A) collective C) personal

B) private D) civil

73. A) confronted C) concerned

B) conformed D) confused

74. A) bind C) transfer

B) attain D) recruit

75. A) Lest C) Before

B) Unless D) As

76. A) with C) on

B) for D) by

77. A) dominate C) enforce

B) stretch D) intensify

78. A) creative C) narrative

B) technical D) physical

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2011年6月英语四级真题与答案 Part I Writing Doing Shopping Online With the development of the Internet, shopping is no longer a tiring thing. Just click your mouse to choose the articles you like, and the purchase is done. You don’t even have to step out of the room. It seems all easy and quick. However, people’s opinions vary on this trend. Some believe that on line shopping is time and money saving. With plentiful selection options, they can buy whatever they like at any time convenient. Still others insist that mis-purchasing alone is annoying enough, not to mention the credibility of the sellers and the safety of their accounts. In my opinion, the convenience and excitement of on line shopping is beyond all doubts. In the meantime, we must always bear in mi nd that certain traps do exist, so we’d better make sure the sellers are trustworthy before buying. In addition, we should also guard ourselves from the potential hackers who might steal our account information. 文章点评： 这是一篇“中等偏上”的学生作文。本文先对网购热潮进行简介，引出全篇；接着对网络购物的正反两方面进行对比；最后提出自己的看法结束全篇。整体看思路清晰，逻辑严密，行文流畅，用语较为地道。 下面说一下这篇文章的有待提高之处： 1. 文章结构上，能看得出该同学试图采用议论文的“三段式”（提出问题、分析问题、解决问题）。但是，以“With the development of the Internet”为开首语，有些落入俗套，有硬套模板的嫌疑。稍加注意，应该能写出更好的句子。 2. 微观语言点方面，有些语句稍显啰嗦，比如With plentiful selection options… 简化成With plentiful selections… 更好，意思没有丝毫减损，表达力反而增强许多； 高分版 With the help of the ever rapid development of internet technology, online shopping is coming into fashion in most of cities. Online shopping is welcomed by most people due to various reasons. From the perspective of consumer, it can save some time for people who don’t have much spare time. Just click the mouse, they can get whatever they want while staying at home. For the retailers, it can cut some costs for those who don’t have much circulating funds. They don’t have to rent a house and spend money on

大学英语四级真题及完整答案(共两卷).pdf

2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第一套） Part I Writing (30minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard. 1. A) It was going to be renovated. C) It was dangerous to live in. B) He could no longer pay the rent. D) He had sold it to the royal family. 2. A) A storm. C) A forest fire. B) A strike. D) A Terrorist attack. Questions 3and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department. B) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks. C) They sent calls for help via a portable radio. D) They were trapped in an underground elevator. 4. A) They provided the miner with food and water.

2011年12月英语四级真题及答案

2011年12月英语四级真题 Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Why Integrity Matters What is Integrity? The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. "But Everybody Does It" Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.

2014-2019历年大学英语四级真题及答案

2014-2019历年大学英语四级真题及答案 2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题 Part I Writing （30 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the first place you would like to take him/her to see and why? Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes） Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1. A）The man should visit the museums. B）She can’t stand the hot weather. C）The beach resort is a good choice. D）She enjoys staying in Washington. 2. A）Her new responsibilities in the company. B）What her job prospects are. C）What the customers’ feedbac k is. D）The director’s opinion of her work. 3. A）Combine her training with dieting. B）Repeat the training every three days. C）Avoid excessive physical training. D）Include weightlifting in the program. 4. A）When she will return home. B）Whether she can go by herself. C）Whether she can travel by air. D）When she will completely recover. 5. A）The woman knows how to deal with the police. B）The woman had been fined many times before. C）The woman had violated traffic regulations. D）The woman is good at finding excuses. 6. A）Switch off the refrigerator for a while. B）Have someone repair the refrigerator. C）Ask the man to fix the refrigerator. D）Buy a refrigerator of better quality. 7. A）He owns a piece of land in the downtown area. B）He has got enough money to buy a house. C）He can finally do what he has dreamed of. D）He is moving into a bigger apartment. 8. A）She is black and blue all over. B）She has to go to see a doctor. C）She stayed away from work for a few days. D）She got hurt in an accident yesterday.