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情态动词及非谓语动词的用法

情态动词

常见的情态动词有：

can ／could能may 可以would （表意愿）need 需要must 必须have to 不得不

should 应该

1.can，could 的用法

1.1表能力，有“能”、“会”、“能够”的意思

例如：Can you drive a car? 你会开车吗？-----Yes, I can. 我会-----No, I can't. 我不会。

1.2表允许，在口语中代替may，有“可以”的意思.例如：Can I use your bike?我可以用你的自行车吗？

1.3表示可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句例如：Can it be true?那会是真的吗？

Today is Sunday. He can't be at school.今天是星期天。他不可能在学校里。

1.4过去式could表示的语气更加委婉．例如：Could I come to see you tomorrow?明天我可以来见你吗？

2.may的用法

2.1表示许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。例如：You may go now.你可以走了。

May I use your computer?我用一下你的电脑可以吗？

2.2回答以may开头的疑问句有如下表达法：

例如：May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗？-----Yes, you may. -----Yes, please.-----No, you can't.

------No, you mustn't.------No, you'd better not.

2.3表示猜测，通常只用于陈述句.例如：You may be right.你可能是对的。

在口语中can可以代替may表示许可，但can较随便，may更正式

例如：Can I use your bike, John?约翰，我可以用一下你的自行车吗？

May I have a look at your license please, sir?先生，我可以看一下你的执照吗

3.must 的用法

3.1表义务，“必须”例如：You must talk to them about their study.你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。

3.2在否定结构中表不许、禁止.例如：You mustn't leave here.你不能离开这儿。

3.3表推测，有很大的可能性.例如：He must be ill. He looks so pale.他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。

［注意］

may 暗含的可能性较小，must 暗含的可能性较大。

3.5关于must的简短回答：

例如：Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫餐厅吗？

------Yes, you must.

------No, you needn't.

------No, you don't have to.

4.have to的用法

have to 虽属于情态动词，但它有人称、数的变化，它的疑问句否定句的构成也和其他情态动词有所不同。

4.1 have to表客观的需要和义务，must表主观认识

例如：I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi.我没搭上火车，所以我只得打的。

4.2在疑问句和否定句中，have to多用助动词do构成，must则直接提前或加not。

例如：Did he have to do it?他得做那件事吗？

―――He didn't have to do it.他不需要做那件事。

4.3在否定句中，have to表示不需要，must表不允许。

例如：You don't have to go there.你不需要去那儿。

You mustn't go there?你不可去那儿。

4.4虽然must可以用在过去时态中，但是have to更能直接了当的表达过去时间概念。

例如：She must see Hubert that very night.她必须在那个晚上见到休伯特。

I had to leave at six yesterday.我得在昨天6点离开。

5.need 的用法

need既可用作情态动词，又可用作实义动词。作情态动词时，没有数和人称的变化，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，有数的变化和人称的变化，后接带to的不定式。

5.1用于否定句，表“不必”

例如：You needn't worry.你不必担心。I don't think you need worry.我想你不必担心。

5.2 need用作实义动词

例如：（正确）Do you need to go there?/（错误）Do you need go there?

6.would的用法用于表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动词。

结构：would like sth./ would like to do sth./ would like sb to do sth.

7.should的用法 should 作为情态动词，通常用来表示建议、责任或义务，译作“应该”、“应当”，这时它可以和 ought to， be supposed to 互换使用

He should work harder. 他应该更加努力

巩固练习

( ) 1. ---Could I borrow your dictionary? ---Yes, of course you __________.

A. might

B. will

C. can

D. should

( ) 2.---- Isn’t that Ann’s sister over there?

---- No, it____be her-----I’m sure she doesn’t wear glasses.

A. can’t

B. must not

C. won’t

D. may not

( ) 3. ----Are you coming to Jeff’s party?

----I’m not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead.

A. must

B. would

C. need D may

( ) 4. ----Excuse me, could you tell me where the supermarket is?

----It’s two blocks straight ahead. You _____miss it.

A. mustn’t

B. can’t

C. needn’t

D. shouldn’t

A. Can; must

B. Must; can

C. Must; must

D. May; need

( ) 5. Tom, you ______leave all your clothes on the floor like this.

A. wouldn’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. may not

( ) 6. I tried to stop him from smoking, but he just _______listen.

A. won’t

B. wouldn’t

C. didn’t

D. couldn’t

( ) 7. ---- I have to stay at home preparing my lessons.

----- But you_______, tomorrow is Sunday.

A. mustn’t

B. needn’t

C. B. wouldn’t

D. can’t

8. __________ I finish my homework in class? (必须)

No, you needn't.

非谓语动词

动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词

(一)不定式

不定式由“to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，不定式可作主语、宾语／宾补、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成．

1．不定式的用法：

1)作宾语．He wanted to go．

注意不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而

用it作形式宾语．例如：

I find it interesting to work with him.

2)作宾语补足语．例如：

He asked me to do the work with him.

注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice,see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to．I often hear him sing the song．

3)作定语．例如：I have some books for you to read．

4)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件．例如：

例如：I am very glad to hear it．

The question is difficult to answer．

“too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语．例如：

He is too old to do that．

另外句子中有enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语．例如：

The room is big enough to hold us

5)不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等．例如：

He didn’t know what to say.(宾语)

How to solve the problem is very important．(主语)

My question is when to start. (表语)

注意：why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to. 例如:

Why not have a rest?

(二)动名词

1．动名词由动词+ ing构成;具有动词和名词的性质;在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语．

1)作主语．例如:

Swimming is good for your health. Playing with fire is dangerous．结构It is no use／good doing sth.用。

2)作表语．例如：Her job is teaching.

3)作宾语I like swimming.

注①，enjoy，finish ，feel like，keep，，mind，miss，practice，suggest，can’t help，can’t stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式．

注②forget，remember ,go on，like，stop，try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。

I remember doing the exercise. (我记得做过练习．)

I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事．)

I tried not to go there．(我设法不去那里．)

I tried doing it again. (我试着又干了一次．)

Stop speaking. (不要讲话。)

He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话．)

介词后接动名词：如Thanks for doing sth. /spend time ( in ) doing sth./It’s time for doing sth.

4)作定语．例如：

He has a reading room.

(三)分词

分词分为现在分词和过去分词。

现在分词的用

l)作定语

The man standing by the window is our teacher

2)作状语

分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。

We saw the teacher making the experiment.

注意：在see，hear，watch，feel，listen to，notice等感官动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有差别的，用现在分词，表示动作正在发生，(即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束)，用不定式表示动作发生了，(即动作全过程结束了或经常做的事)。例如：

I saw the girl getting on the bus．

I saw the girl get on the bus and drive off．

I often see him dance.

1. I really enjoy_____ that kind of job. A. do B. doing C. to do

2. Tell him_____ the window. A. to close not B. not to close C. to not close D. not close

3. —The light in the office is still on.

—Oh, I forgot_____.

A. turning it off

B. turn it off

C. to turn it off

D. to turn off it

4. The teacher asked us______ so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D.not to make

5. I often hear him_____ about you. A.talk B.talking C.to talk

6. I’m hungry. Get me something_____. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating

7. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know_____

A. where to choose

B. which to choose

C. to choose what

D. to choose which

8 The teacher told them_____ make so much noise. A. don’t B. not C. will not D. not to

9. Don’t you remember_____? A. seeing the man before B. to see the man before C. saw the man before

10. The girl_____ under that tree is my sister. A. sitting B. sits C is sitting D. sat

11.Do you remember_____ me at a party last year?

A. meet

B. to meet

C. meeting

D. met

12. Go on_____ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A. to do B. doing

初中英语非谓语动词练习题

一．根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. Is it necessary ____________(learn) a foreign language?

2. He is good at _____________(swim).

3. Do you have anything ____________(say) for yourself?

4. It’s spring now. it’s time _____________(plant) trees.

5. Don’t keep me _______(wait) for a long time.

6. The policeman told the boys ____________(not play) in the street.

7. Her son is too young __________(dress) himself.

8. Let’s __________(have) a rest, shall we?

9. The speaker spoke too quickly for us ____________(understand).

10. The little boy is not old enough________(read).

11. I asked him __________(show) me his new pen.

12. Knives are used for ______________(cut) things.

13. I really don’t know what __________(do) next.

14. I often hear people _________(say) “__________(see) is____________(believe)”.

15. You’d better _________(tr y) this medicine.

16. They said they had nothing _________(worry) about.

17. Can you finish ___________(read) the book in three days?

18. The doctor was busy ____________(operate) on the boy at that time.

19. ______(tell) you the truth, I dislike making friends with him.

20. Stop ___________(talk) and listen to me carefully.

21. Thank you very much for ____________(help) us.

22. Granny is very ill and she doesn’t feel like ___________(eat) anything.

23. Would you like __________(climb) the mountain with me?

24. The girl enjoys ___________(listen) to light music.

25.We couldn’t help ________(laugh) after we heard the funny story.

26. What about _________(go) out for a walk?

27. My mother often tells me __________ in bed. (not read)

28. He said he became __________ in physics. (interest)

29. He went to school instead of __________ home. (go)

30. In the old days it was difficult for the poor to __________ a job. (找)

31It's cold outside, so you'd better __________ your coat. (穿上)

32. Mother often tells me __________ too late. (not come home)

33. You had better __________ by bus, or you will be late. (go)

34. Don't touch that __________ child. (sleep)

35. I didn't remember __________ her the book before. (give)

36. Yesterday Mary couldn't finish her homework, so she has to go on __________ it this afternoon. (do)

36. We could not help __________ after we heard the story. (laugh)

37. Would you please __________ me an English-Chinese dictionary when you come? (bring)

38. The boy __________ by the door is my brother. (stand)

39. Do you remember __________ the film last year? (see)

40. John stopped __________ a rest (have) because he was tired.

41. The boys __________ basketball on the playground are my classmates. (play)

42. Can't you see I'm busy __________? (cook)

43.Did you enjoy__________ Beijing ?(参观)

44．Why not __________ us? (加入)

II．选择填空。

1Would you please ____ the door for me?

a. holding

b. not to hold

c. hold

d. held

2We’d really like you ____ to the party tonight.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/871380727.html,e

b. to come

c. will come

d. should come

3.Do you have anything ____ about this matter?A.saying B. to say C. said D say

4.He was too excited ____.A. to go to sleeping B. to slept C. to go to sleep D. going to sleep

5.We can’t have him ____ like that all day.A.to work B. working C. to be worked D. work

6. Do you think it difficult ____?

a. for me to do so

b. for my to do so

c. for I to do so

d. for me doing so

7.I haven’t decided which hotel ____. a. to stay b. is to stay at c. to stay at d. is for staying

8.I often spent much money ____ books.a. to buy b. buying c. on buying d. for buying

9.If you practice ____ English whenever you can, you will soon speak well.

a. talking

b. going speak

c. speaking

d. to speak

10.We are tired of ____ the same problem all the time A. discussing B. to discuss C. discuss

11.She usually forgets ____ the door, but she remembered ____ it yesterday.

a.to shut…to shut

b. shutting…shutting

c. to shut…shutting

d. shutting…to shut

12. I’m thirsty. Will you get me something ____? A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating

13. Would you mind ____ because there’re so many children ____ here?

A. smoke; play

B. smoking; playing

C. not smoking; play

D. not smoking; playing

14. Jenny is interested in ____ in her free time.

A. listened to the radio

B. reading magazines

C. watch TV

D. plays tennis

15. The meeting room is big enough ____ one hundred people.

A. holding

B. hold

C. to hold

D. holds

16 How about ____? A. to go out for a walk B. go swimming C. visiting the park D.to have lunch in the restaurant

17. Who do you think you’d like ____?

A. to make friends

B. make friends

C. to make friends with

D. make friends with

18. It ____ Jack twenty minutes ____ the math problem yesterday.

A. took; to work out

B. takes; worked out

C. has taken; work out

D. is taking; working out

19. When you leave, don’t forget ____ off the light.

A. to turn

B. turning

C. turn

D. turned

非谓语动词用法归纳语法

非谓语动词用法归纳一、表格的用法 1. doing 的用法（1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid 避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/ 主张consider 考虑can't help 不禁can't stand 受不了contemplate 细想complete 完成confess 坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve 值得delay 延迟deny 否认dread 可怕defer 拖延detest 嫌恶enjoy 享有/喜爱envy 嫉妒endure 忍受excuse 借口escape 逃跑/ 逃避finish 完成forgive 原谅fancy 幻想/ 爱好favor 造成/ 偏爱figure 描绘/ 计算hate 讨厌imagine 设想involve 卷入/ 包含keep 保持miss 错过mention 说到/ 讲到mind 介意pardon 原谅/ 饶恕permit 允许postpone 推迟practice 实行/实践prevent 阻止quit 放弃停止risk 冒险recall 回想resist 抵抗/ 阻止resume 恢复repent 悔悟resent 怨恨stand 坚持/ 忍受suggest 建议save 营救/ 储蓄tolerate 忍受

worth 值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6）概括性, 一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting.

非谓语动词用法归纳(非常齐全)

it is / was no use / good + doing sth. it is / was not any use / good + doing sth. it is / was of little use / good + doing sth. it is / was useless doing sth. it is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day. 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀：三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令，需要努力学习,期望同意帮助，希望决定开始。

want ; refuse ; order need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ; begin ;start 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请get请，得到prompt促使 allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce宣布force强迫press迫使 bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求 assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定，表示 advise劝告exhort告诫，勉励pray请求 authorize授权，委托help帮助recommend劝告，推荐 bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒 beg请求induce引诱report报告 compel强迫invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤 command命令intend想要，企图show 显示 drive驱赶mean意欲，打算train训练 cause引起instruct指示require要求 deserve应受leave使，让tell告诉 direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱 entitle有资格order命令warn告诫 enable使能够need需要urge激励，力说 encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要 condemn指责，谴责lead引起，使得teach教

非谓语动词用法归纳

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否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词

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法功能四）过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成非谓语动词和谓语动词的比较： 1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如： They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. （2）都可以被状语修饰： The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. （3）都有主动与被动,“体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化.例如： He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式） We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）Having written the composition,we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）（4）都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）

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