2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第1篇-毙考题

2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第1篇

France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.

Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.

The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.

They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.

That’s a start.

And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death – as some have done.

It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape –measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.

And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.

Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body

mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.

In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models.

The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.

The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.

But in general it relies on a name-and–shame method of compliance.

Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.

Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

法国一向以作为全球时尚革新者为傲，如今它已决定其时尚产业已经失去了定义女性体型美的绝对权力。

上周，法国的立法者初步通过了一部法律，该法律将使用超瘦模特上T型台走秀定为犯罪。

法国议会还同意封禁那些推广极端的节食来诱使女性追求骨感体型的网站。

这些措施有几个积极的动机。

它们表明美不应该由外貌来定义，因为追求外貌美最终会危害人的健康。

这些措施只是反对追求骨感体型风气的一个开始。

禁止使用超瘦模特的目的不仅仅是保护模特不因减肥而把自己饿死——有些模特就因减肥而饿死。

还警告时尚产业：对于女性该用什么样的社会标尺来判定自己的个人价值这一问题，时尚产业给女性，尤其是未成年少女，传达了错误的信号，时尚产业必须为此负责。

如果完全执行该禁令，它会将向女性(以及很多男性)表明：不要让别人成为自己美的评判者。

这些措施或许还隐约地暗示，人们应该注重个性和智力等无形的品质，而不是通过节食来达到“零号身材”或“黄蜂腰体型”。

然而，法国的这些举措过分依赖严厉的惩罚来改变时尚产业的文化，该文化依旧认为瘦到皮包骨是美。

该法律规定，使用没有达到政府体质指数要求的时尚模特的后果是罚款8.5万美元和服刑6个月。

时尚产业知道它们注重衣着打扮和理想体型的问题一直存在。

丹麦、美国和其他一些国家的时尚产业试图为模特和时尚形象设定一个非强制性标准，该标准更多地依靠同辈压力来执行。

相比于法国的措施，上月，丹麦时尚产业同意了关于模特的年龄、健康和其他特征的规定和惩罚。

最新修订的《丹麦时尚产业道德章程》明确规定：“我们已经意识到时尚产业给体型观念带来的影响，尤其是给年轻人带来的影响，我们应该对此负责。”

这个章程的主要执行方法是拒绝违反规定的设计师和模特经纪机构进入哥本哈根时尚周，该时尚周由丹麦时尚机构运作。

但总的来说，该举措依靠指名道姓的方法来确保该章程得到遵守。

依靠道德规劝而不是法律手段来矫正理想体型的错误观点或许才是最好的办法。

更好的措施就是有助于提升美的概念，使之超越某一特定产业的物质标准。

intellect[‘intilekt]n. 智力，理智，才智非凡的人，知识份子联想记忆

signal[‘s ignl]n. 信号，标志

v. (发信号)通知、表示

mass[m?s]n. 块，大量，众多

adj. 群众的，大规模

approval[?’pru:v?l]n. 批准，认可，同意，赞同

incite[in’sait]v. 煽动，刺激，激励

severe[si’vi?]adj. 剧烈的，严重的，严峻的，严厉的，严格的

elevate[‘eliveit]vt. 举起，提拔，素养提升，鼓舞

vi. 变联想记忆

impact[‘imp?kt,im’p?kt]n. 冲击(力), 冲突，影响(力) address[?’dres]n. 住址，致词，讲话，谈吐，(处理问题的)技巧compliance[k?m’plai?ns]n. 顺从，遵从，灵活

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2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及参考答案 Text 1 Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found. Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it. Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found. From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics. Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing. Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said.” I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.” Looking back, he is str uck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their?children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.” 1. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_____.? [A] trying out different lifestyles [B] having a family with children [C] working beyond retirement age [D] setting up a profitable business 答案：C 2. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to?____.

考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译

英语二T e x t 1 1---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。 家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。 21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。 [A] is receiving more criticism [B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对） [C] is not required for advanced courses（正反） [D] is gaining more preferences（正反） 2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。 这个规定旨在提出：来自贫穷家庭或混乱家庭的学生有困难，不能完成家庭作业。但该政策是不清晰的，是矛盾的。显然，没有哪个家庭作业是在没有昂贵设备就无法完成的。但如果该学区因为学生家庭复杂而不做家庭作业就给他通过的话，那么这就意味着对于贫穷孩子，标准要降低。