初中英语定语从句语法详解

初中英语定语从句语法详解

(名师剖析语法知识点+ 实战训练题，值得下载打印)

定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。

一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如：

The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.

先行词定语从句

昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。

二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起

纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如：

I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语）

先行词关系代词

我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。

The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语)

先行词关系代词

我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。

The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语)

先行词关系代词

那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。

That is the house where my father used to live.(状语)

先行词关系副词

那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。

三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。

1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：

Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语）

昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语)

王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。

注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。

2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。

The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.

其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。

I have a story book whose cover is red.

我有一本封面是红色的故事书。

3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：

Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语）

足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。

which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)

I don’t believe the news

我不相信汤姆赢得这场比赛的消息。

四、关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。如：

That is the place in which I lived for five years.

=That is the place which / that I lived in for five years.

那就是我住过五年的地方。

Mr Zhang is the man for whom I am looking.

=Mr Zhang is the man who / whom / that I am looking for.

张先生就是我正在找的那个人。

五、具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。

1. 先行词是地点时，如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用that或which. 如：The school that / which I used to study in is becoming better and better.

(the school 作了介词in的宾语。)

我过去曾经学习的那所学校变得越来越好了。

先行词是地点时，如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用where. 如：

The place where t he accident happened isn’t far from our school.

事故发生的那个地方离我们学校不远。

(定语从句中的动词happened是不及物动词，它不跟宾语，而the accident又作了定语从句的主语，因此该定语从句既不需要主语，也不需要宾语。)

2.只用that，不用which的情况。

（1）前有序数词修饰时。如：

This is the tenth gift that I received for my birthday.

这是我收到的第十个生日礼物。

（2）前有形容词最高级修饰时。如：

That is the most exciting game that I have ever watched.

那是我曾经看过最令人兴奋的比赛。

（3）先行词是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代词时。如：

All that he told me is true. 他告诉我的一切是真实的。

（4）先行词被the only修饰时。如：

The only thing that I can get is a pen. 我唯一能得到的东西就是一支钢笔。

（5）先行词既指人，又指物时。如：

We talked about the people and the things that we were interested in.

我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。

3. 只用which，不用that的情况。

（1）定语从句是物时，定语从句由“介词+关系代词which”引导。如：

The thing about which the teacher is talking is very important.

老师正在谈论的那件事非常重要。

（2）先行词本身是that, those时，如：

What’s that which is flying in the sky? 在天空中飞的那是什么？

总之，我们作为初中英语教师要把初中英语中的定语从句讲解清楚，帮助学生理解课文和阅读理解中的定语从句，帮助学生用定语从句进行正确的书面表达，为以后更进一步的学习定语从句打下坚实的

基础。

★找到从句划括号，根据成分选连词，一看指人还指物，二看介词在何处，三看句中作何用，

四看是否属特殊。

解释一下，从画横线的位置开始划括号，一直划到句子中第二个谓语动词出现的位置，没有第二个谓语就划到

最后，注意非谓语不算谓语，这一步主要是找出句子中的从句

举例：The student (who don’t study hard ) will not pass the exam.

翻译：不努力学习的学生将通过不了考试。

如果这题就是考察定语从句，who的位置就是要画线选择题要考察的连词，括号内就是从句，翻译把从句的内

容放到先行词前面加上“的”就可以了。这里study是第一个谓语，第二个就到pass前，will not不能划在括号中，根据它属于第二个谓语中的助动词，这样以后只要是考察从句，无论是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句还是同位语

从句或者状语从句都可以这么做，找出从句内容，当然状语从句比较特殊，这里不做说明，以后有机会再单独总结

一个专题。

具体说明一下：

做题步骤：①把先行词带入从句，检查是否作主宾表成分，如果做这三个中的某个成分，进入第二步

②使用连接词，表示人：that,who,whom; 表示物：that which

③确定使用何种关系词，这里用who

如果把先行词带入，不做主宾表，加入适当介词，检查意思是否完成，如果完整，介词+先行词/which

=when/where/why

这里有要单独列出来，讲一下方法：whose（表示谁的，所有格关系）和as的用法

首先来看whose

①形式上像个肉夹馍，n_____n, 意思就是名词后紧着跟着连词，连词后又有一个名词，看起来很

对称，像个肉夹馍

②前一个名词跟后一个名词之间具有所属关系，也就是“谁是谁的”且后面一个名词前没有冠词

举例：I like the book( whose cover is red.)

n n

我喜欢封面是红颜色的书。

使用as分两种情况，一种是在限制性定语从句中，另一种就是在非限制性定语从句中。

限制性定语从句中，使用as的顺口溜“王朝马汉在身边，包拯来了要有座”，解释一下，把as比为包拯，它出现时，要有such ...as, so...as, the same...as, as...as,四者之一出现，就是要有人陪，且as在句中要作成分，也就是要有它出现了要有位置坐，你见过包拯所到之处，没有座位吗？

举例：I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.

A. which

B. who

C. what

D. as

非限制性定语从句中，as满足以下个条件：

①在句中做成份

②它指代主句所指的内容

③它在句中的位置不固定，可前，可后，可中

④翻译成“正如”

举例：He is good at English, ______we all know.

A. that

B. as

C. whom

D. what

这里面就出现了一个问题，括号画出来从句找到了，怎样去判断是不是定语从句呢？简单的方法就是看括号左面的内容，如果左边是及物动词，形容词，介词，那它就是宾语从句；如果左面是系动词，那就是表语从句；如果

左边什么都没有或it作形式主语，那就是主语从句；如果左面是一个抽象名词，同位语从句。排除这些，前面是名

词或代词，且修饰的那就是定语从句。

下面总结一下，定语从句中的一些特殊情况：

①定语从句中，“，”(逗号）跟that不能共存

②which跟that的选用情况，以下只能用that而不用which的情况：

两代限行数，特有重表序

两，先行词既有人又有物的称“两”；

例句：We’re talking about the piano and the pianist ______ were in the concert we attended last night.

A. which

B. whom

C. who

D. that

代，先行词为everything，anything，nothing等代词；

例句：Is there anything ________ belongs to you?

A. what

B. that

C. /

D. which

限，先行词被the only，the very，the last及much，little，few，no等修饰；

例句：Is this the very museum _______ some Japanese visitors visited yesterday?

A. one

B. where

C. that

D. which

形，先行词被形容词最高级修饰；

例句：That is the highest building ________ I have ever seen.

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. what

数，先行词为数量词；

例句省略

特，特殊疑问句；

2020考研语法指导：定语从句详解

2020考研语法指导：定语从句详解 定语从句是英语学习的难点，也是考研英语考查的重点。掌握考研英语的定语从句需要掌握以下几个方面： 一、定义 定语从句是指在句中做定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。 二、定语从句的结构 定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which , that, as 和关系副词when, where, why 等引导。 一）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1） who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中做主语和宾语。例如：Is he the m an who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中做主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中做宾语） （2） whose用作关系词表示所属格，也可看作是关系形容词，因 为它后面必须接一个名词连用。不能单独使用。例如:

? They rushed over to help the man whose car had broke n down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 (3) which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。作宾语时常可省略。例如： ? A prosperitywhich / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside? 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) 二)关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 (1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which ”结构，所以常常和“介词+ which ”结构交替使用。例如： There are occasionswhen (on which )one must yield? 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the placewhere in which ) I was born?北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why ( for which )he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们协助他的理由吗？ (2)that代替关系副词，能够用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which ”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：

初中英语定语从句的用法解析

初中英语定语从句的用法解析 【摘要】定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。 【关键词】定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语) 先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语) 先行词关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.(状语) 先行词关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。 1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语） 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语) 王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。 注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。 2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。 The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today. 其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。 I have a story book whose cover is red. 我有一本封面是红色的故事书。 3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语） 足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)

英语语法讲解之定语从句

英语语法讲解之定语从句 时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用)： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.

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定语从句专项练习 1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues. A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that 2. This is the case ________ he’s had all h is money stolen. A. when B. where C. that D. on which 3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how 4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ . A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him to C. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him 5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided. A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose 6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget. A. when B. that C. what D. which 7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose 8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. when D. what 9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. when 10. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in Chin a’s vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before 11. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it. A. It B. As C. Which D. What 12. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life. A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that 13. The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store. A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which 14. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world. A. that B. what C. which D. as 15. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes C. all their homes D. all of their homes 16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A. who B. when C. on which D. which 17. Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year? A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where 18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.

初中英语定语从句

初中英语定语从句 1. 基本知识精讲 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词（分为关系代词和关系副词）。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。如： This is the engineer who will give us a talk on science. 先行词关系词定语从句 The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 ①I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat.（关系代词作主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 ②The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive. 先行词关系代 词（关系代词作宾语） 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 ③The woman whose name is Linda Brown is his mother.（关系代词作定语） 先行词关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达?布朗。 ④That is the house where my father used to live.（关系代词作状语） 先行词关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 一、由关系代词引导的定语从句 英语中的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that 和as。它们的用法如下： 1. who，whom的用法 who 和whom 指人，在从句中分别作主语、宾语。作动词宾语时常被省掉。在口语中可用who代替whom。 ①The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) ②Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁? (作宾语) The young worker who invented this tool is her brother. This is the boy (whom) I helped. 2. which的用法 which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语是在非正式语体中可以省略。如：