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最新研究生课本英语翻译黑体字

Innovative and flexible use of words创新和灵活的使用的单词

Major approaches towards word building are as follows:

1.v.+ing and v. +ed to be compounded with nouns, adverbs or adjectives

◆In reality, many examples have shown that they are just students who are more adaptable to the testing

system of examination-oriented education(应试教育) than their peers. With the country now making

valiant efforts to push forward quality-oriented education(素质教育), the excessive publicity of these

students is seen as improper to many.

◆The CCB is the only one of the Big Four State-owned(固有的) commercial banks that has set up a

stock incentive plan to allow about 270,000 employees to acquire 800 million of its shares starting on

July 6.

◆It is key for the decision-makers to set up financial institutions such as regional banks or

privately-invested(私有买入) banks catering to the needs of smaller businesses.

◆ A government-initiated(政府发起的) award in its third year, the “Green Persons of the Year” award is

designed to recognize those who have made contributions to environmental protection.

◆Commercial and job-related(相关的) corruption cases have been on a rise and involve higher-ranking

officials and larger amounts of money.

◆These nationalism-inflected(民族导向) states are now competing sharply with one another, seeking to

beggar one another’s economies.

◆Typical features of the second state of modernization include a knowledge-driven(知识驱动)and

information-driven(信息驱动) society.

◆In the U.S. –backed(美国支持) OPEC model, national suppliers depend on U.S. –controlled(美国控

制) market intermediaries, traders, pipeline and shipping companies, and retail distributors for access

to markets and point of sale. In the Russian model, in exchange for access to Russian energy supplies,

there will be Russian state-controlled(由政府控制的) champions in energy transportation.

◆“The expanding middle class indicated China was entering ‘a sound cycle of development’,”said

president of Beijing-based(北京的) Central University of Finance and Economics.

◆The key stock index, which covers both yuan-denominated(以人民币为标价的)A-shares and

foreign-currency-denominated(以外币为标价的)B-shares, moved between 3,940.36 points and

4,081.43 points.

◆During the just-ended(刚刚结束的)session of the National People’s Congress, Chinese Premier

raised several targets for the government to hit in controlling the overheated property sector.

◆In 2006, the number of aid items and the total sum of the money the Chinese government had provided

for natural disaster-ridden(灾难深重的) countries have far exceeded that in the past, and also

provided emergency aid to disaster victims in a few developed nations.

◆Frequently-occurring(多发的)typhoons and tropical storms brought serious flooding and other

disasters to many provinces in east, south and central China.

◆According to the price-pegging(价格限定) policies implemented in 2005, if the average coal price rise

reaches or exceeds 5 percent in half a year, the power price may be adjusted accordingly.

◆Thus it is true that the United States has squirmed through a sequence of sex scandals involving

Bible-thumping(说教的)Republicans, while finding that its supposedly democratic government all

too often endorses undemocratic decisions.

◆The reintegration of China and India into the global economy significantly raised the demand for raw

materials–creating new opportunities for commodity-producing powerhouses(大宗商品生产大国)

such as Brazil and Russia.

◆By encouraging energy-using industries(用能产业)to move to the developing world, it will only

exacerbate the condition and make the world poorer in the bargain.

◆Their manner is loud, attention-grabbing(引人注意的) and sometimes controversial, with emphasis

on the unusual.

◆Just because there are bribe-seeking(寻求贿赂的) officials, lawless business people can pay their way

to whatever they want. In order to avoid being left out, even law-abiding(守法的) business people

have to accept such unwritten rules.

◆This development would create more jobs and allow more poor people whose only money-earning(赚

钱) capability is to sell their own labor into the labor market.

◆More imports raise living standards by providing cheaper goods, and more exports raise productivity

and create higher-paying(更高报酬的) jobs.

◆China, India and Russia are three big fast-growing economies(快速增长的经济体), and their joint

meetings have drawn great attention.

◆But regionalism has provided ample opportunities for self-interested, inward-looking states(自私的,

内向状态) (which liberals wish they could wish away) to introduce reactive protectionism.

2.Noun + adjectives

◆While such ideas may well suit a resource-rich(资源丰富的) society like Saudi Arabia, it simply does

not sit well in a resource-poor landscape like Afghanistan where every labor input must be employed.

◆And the United States has been wooing African dictators, who have ruled oil-rich(石油储量丰富的),

poverty-ridden(一贫如洗的) Equatorial Guinea and Angola, respectively, since 1979.

◆Income differences are also sector-sensitive(地区敏感的), the report said.

◆Accordingly, labor-intensive(劳动密集型) industries and labor-intensive sections of

capital-intensive(资本密集型) industries are the best choice for China.

◆EU, however, is a combination body of sovereign states designed to construct a brand-new(崭新的)

Europe.

◆Several government departments are working with the China Disabled Persons’Federation to build

barrier-free(无障碍) facilities nationwide.

◆In the years before the 1980s, society-wide(全社会) education on communist ethics resulted in high

public esteem for selfless morality.

◆The whole nation needs to look back to the spirit of its traditional culture on these centuries-old(悠久

的) holidays.

3.Affixations from pro-, pre-, post-, co-, geo-, non-, counter-, anti-, macro-, micro-, ex-, cyber-, e-, etc.

◆As part of professionalization(职业化) and quality control, industry leaders also want a multilevel(多

级的；多水平的) certification system put in place. Translation companies would then be required to

indicate the numbers and levels of certificate holders they employed.

◆Young people today do it more for self-actualization(自我认识).

◆Consumer representatives visited Beijing’s airport on Tuesday and experienced the new e-ticketing(电

子出票) system, security checks and baggage inquires at the airport.

◆The final factor, not to be underestimated, has been popular resistance to globalization. The battles of

Seattle in 1999, Prague in 2000, and Genoa in 2001; the massive global anti-war(反战)march on

February 15, 2003, when the anti-globalization(反全球化)movement morphed into the global

anti-war movement; The collapse of the WTO ministerial meeting in Cancun in 2003 and its

near-collapse in Hong Kong in 2005; the French and Dutch people’s rejection of the neo-liberal(新自

由主义), pro-globalization(全球化) European Constitution in 2005. These were all critical junctures

in a decade-long global struggle that has rolled back the neo-liberal project.

◆During the 1930s, Mexico’s post-revolutionary(后革命时代) leaders imported Josef Stalin’s

collective-farm model to keep peasants on the land and out of trouble.

4.Phrases to be hyphenated

◆I would like to send my best wishes to teachers and teachers-to-be(教师会).

◆This year, quite a number of regular college graduates, no matter what they major in, will be recruited

to attend a one-year(为期一年的) training course for teaching Chinese as a foreign language.

◆But Thursday night, the Milwaukee School Board approved a committee report calling for opening a

school with all same-sex(同一性别的) classes, perhaps by 2008.

◆Separating boys and girls is tantamount to “separate but equal”segregation-era(种族隔离时代的)

classrooms.

◆The survey, carried out by the Examination Center affiliated to the Ministry of Education, the China

Youth Daily and test-service(测试服务) provider A TA Inc., received answers from 38,087 people in

six selected provinces and sampled 5,000 of them.

◆Two years after lifting the unpopular ban it imposed in 2004 on off-campus(校外的)housing, the

Ministry of Education reinstalled the order last week, saying “in principle”all students attending

college this fall must live in on-campus dormitories.

◆Among these shifts in Chinese foreign policy was the about-face(彻底改变) from a “closed-door(非

公开的) policy” to an “open-door policy”.

◆Many people get their inklings from such channels as CCTV’s Lecture Room, where eloquent speakers

offered a chicken-soup-for-the-soul interpretation.

◆Most traditional style schools that have sprung up in recent years resort to this

gorging-without-digesting(暴食不消化) approach.

◆They can be sons and daughters of laid-off(下岗)workers, or the new generation

farmers-turned-urban-workers(城市农民工), or street vendors.

◆The top design could become a must at the university’s graduation ceremony in the not-so-distant(不

太遥远的) future, according to the university’s Communist Youth League committee, which is in

charge of students’ activities.

◆At a time when various award-giving(颁奖) events have made the public somewhat uninterested or

insensitive to the prize winners, singling out bad examples certainly sounds fresh and new and could

have a much better social effect.

◆On the other hand, several foreign commentators brushed aside the political implication and attributed

the craze to behind-the-scenes(幕后) maneuvering of business interests.

◆The museum displays the damage and after-effects(后遗症) of the wars as experienced by Japanese

people.

◆Extradition and transfer-of-prisoner(引渡和移交的囚犯) relationships with other countries are

important tools in the effective administration of criminal justice.

◆From General Secretary down, CPC leaders are talking about corruption as a matter of

life-and-death(生死攸关的) significance to the Party.

◆The higher-than-expected(高于预期的)growth rate of the new bank loans is a clear signal that

investment fever is far from being reduced.

◆

◆The government is also developing policies aimed at expanding imports by encouraging domestic

companies to import state-of-the-art(最先进的) equipment and technologies.

2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析

2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析考研历年真题一定要用好，研究好。结合大纲和真题来选择辅导用书是最明智的。本文带大家回顾2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析： Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. (48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity int o the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours. Boiling down an individual’s o utput to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science. 46-50参考答案及解析：

高中生物课本黑体字知识点总结

高中生物课本黑体字知识点总结必修一 1、科学家根据细胞内有无以核膜为界限的细胞核，把细胞分为真核细胞和原核细胞两大类。 2、氨基酸是组成蛋白质的基本单位。 3、一切生命活动都离不开蛋白质，蛋白质是生命活动的主要承担者。 4、核酸是细胞内携带遗传信息的物质，在生物体的遗传、变异和蛋白质的生物合成中具有极其重要的作用。 5、糖类是主要的能源物质。 6、脂肪是细胞内良好的储能物质。 7、每一个单体都以若干个相连的碳原子构成的碳链为基本骨架，由许多单体连接成多聚体。 8、水在细胞中以两种形式存在。一部分与细胞内的其他物质相结合，叫做结合水。细胞中绝大部分的水以游离的形式存在，可以自由流动，叫做自由水。 9、细胞中大多数无机盐以离子的形式存在。 10、细胞膜主要由脂质和蛋白质组成。 11、细胞膜的功能：将细胞与外界环境分隔开；控制物质进出细胞；进行细胞间的信息交流。 12、细胞器膜和细胞膜、核膜等结构，共同构成细胞的生物膜系统。 13、细胞核控制着细胞的代谢和遗传。 14、细胞核是遗传信息库，是细胞代谢和遗传的控制中心。 15、细胞膜和其他生物膜都是选择透过性膜。 16、物质通过简单的扩散作用进出细胞，叫做自由扩散。进出细胞的物质借助载体蛋白的扩散，叫做协助扩散。物质从低浓度一侧运输到高浓度一侧，需要载体蛋白的协助，同时还需要消耗细胞内化学反应所释放的能量，这种方式叫做主动运输。 17、细胞中每时每刻都进行着许多化学反应，统称为细胞代谢。 18、分子从常态转变为容易发生化学反应的活跃状态所需要的能量称为活化能。 19、同无机催化剂相比，酶降低活化能的作用更显著，因而催化效率更高。 20、酶是活细胞产生的具有催化作用的有机物，其中绝大多数酶是蛋白质。

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研究生学位英语23

考试须知 1、本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（Answer Sheet)两种，答题时间为120分钟。 2、请考生用钢笔在Answer Sheet上写上姓名、学号、专业班级。 3、请考生在Answer Sheet上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在Answer Sheet中找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（A\B\C\D）填写在题号后的括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本人负责。 5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写在Answer Sheet 指定位置上。 6、考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题册和答题纸分别上交监考老师。 Test 23 Part I Situational Conversations (10%) Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center of the corresponding letter． 1. Christopher: If I am not mistaken, your birthday is coming up. Has your brother sent you anything? Samuel: Not yet. _____________. A. He never forgets though. B. After all, he’ll buy something for me. C. I expect so D. No, I don’t like it. 2. Flora: What's the matter? Don't you like the soup? Carl: _________ Flora: Oh, I'm sorry about that. A. Yes, I'm crazy about it. B. Well, not very much, I'm afraid. C. I see. It's a little hot. D. No. I like it, actually.

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第一单元 “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝