英语翻译中长难句的切分与表达

英语翻译中长难句的切分与表达

泛瑞翻译

考研英语考试大纲对翻译部分的考查要求和考点的表述是：“主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400 词的文章，并将其中5 个划线部分(约150 词)译成汉语，要求译文正确、完整、通顺。”专家认为，这不仅考查考生对英语语法理解与掌握，更重要的是考查考生长难句的分析能力。

考研英语翻译的特点是长难句比较多，体现在两方面：一是修饰成分较多，二是句子结构层次较复杂，从句嵌套现象层出不穷。由此可见，长难句的结构分析在考研英语翻译中就显得尤为重要。考研英语翻译的难点之一就是长难句的结构句子。为了攻克长难句，应该注意以下几点：应熟练掌握英语中的“五种基本句型”。

英语中，常见的五种基本句型：

(1)主语+谓语(谓语为不及物动词)

(2)主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+宾语

(3)主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语

(4)主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+直接宾语+间接宾语

(5)主语+系动词+表语

在考研英语翻译中，划线部分的句子大多是长难句，但是不管句子有多长，句子结构有多复杂，这些句子都能够回归到英语的“五种基本句型”上，即再复杂的句子，只要提炼出主干或主句，就对句子的基本框架有了一个总体的把握。而这五种基本句型都必然包含一个谓语动词，所以谓语动词就是抓主干的突破口。英语句子由短到长，主要借助于连词、介词、分词、非谓语动词等手段，其中连词主要是and, but等并列连词和what, which,who等从属连词。换句话说，这些连词、介词、分词、非谓语动词等把句子分成了一个又一个的小意群，因而成了句子结构划分的拆分点。特别是连词在句子由短变长方面的作用举足轻重，其中，并列连词把两个独立的分句连在了一起，从属连词把一个独立的分句与一个从句连接在了一起。但是，不管是从句还是分句都有自己的谓语动词，具体说来，and, but 连接的并列分句中的谓语动词都是主句谓语动词，而从属连词which, that, where 等所引导的从句中都各配备有一个属于从句的谓语动词。所以，在长难句的分析过程中，只要我们找到了这些连词和主从句的谓语动词，句子结构就一目了然了。

一、应抓住考研英语长难句的拆分点

(1)要明确拆分的目的

把英语长难句拆分的目的是把主句和从句拆分开来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分开来，理清句子结构。

(2)英语句子的拆分点

1)标点符号

标点符号是英语句子当中最为明显的切分标志，有几个典型的标点符号可以帮助我们迅速切分句子的意群。比如说双逗号、破折号、冒号、分号等。譬如，如果双逗号之间是介词

短语或者是副词短语、或者双逗号前后是被分开的主谓结构，这时双逗号之间往往是插入语的成分，也就是说，读句子时为了把握住主干结构，可以先跳过这个成分，从而提高结构拆分的速度。破折号、冒号后面一般都是解释说明的部分，它们可以成为句子的拆分点。分号相当于and 把句子分成并列的意群，也是很好的拆分点。考生在读句子时应首先看看有没有这样的标点符号，从而更好地断句。

2)并列连词

考生一定搞清and, or, but, yet, for 等都是并列连词，是并列句的拆分：点，这些并列连词连接的是并列句。

3)从属连词

考生一定要清楚从属连词引导从句，是主从复合句的拆分点。状语从句的连接词有：when, as, since, until ,before, after, where, because, though, although, so that等;名词性从句连接词有：that, whether/if, who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, when, where, how, why等;定语从句的连接词有：who, which, that, whom, whose, when, why, where等。

4)动词不定式和分词

不定式结构(to do)常常构成不定式短语，可以用来做定语或者状语，可以是拆分点;分词包括现在分词和过去分词，常常用来构成分词短语做定语或者状语等修饰语，也可以是拆分点。

5)介词短语

由on, in, with, at, of, to 等介词构成的介词短语可以用来做定语或者状语等修饰语，所以它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。

以上这些“信号词”在拆分英语句子时可能断开的地方，但并不是绝对的。它们有助于我们看清句子结构，进而更好地理解英语原文。但是，在拆分长难句的过程中，最好不要把单独的一个英语单词拆分出来，基础好的同学可以不用过细地拆分。

考研英语真题中长难句拆分与表达的示例

This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

(1)句子拆分

拆分点：从属连词、介词、标点符号

This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.

(2)句子结构

找谓语动词(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);→

找连词(when, that, that) →

前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词→

确定主从句。

主句：This trend began during the Second World War ;

从句：定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War，本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。

(3)解析

during the Second World War介词短语做状语;when several governments came to

the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定语修饰the Second World

War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位语从句修饰conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。

(4)本句的参考译文

这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

总之，只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解，弄清句子的各个成分，并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂，由复杂变得简单，这样句子结构分析技能提高了，长难句也就攻克了，考研翻译也就解决了。

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3. 世界淡水资源十分有限，因此我们必须充分利用。(make use of, resources) 4. 我将十分乐意参加任何能丰富我对世界认识的讨论。(take part in, enrich) 5. 不管你相不相信, 我们已经逐渐地可以用英语流利地表达自己了. (believe it or not, gradually, express, fluently) 6. 实际上学好英语有很多简单的方法, 例如看英文电视或和外国朋友在线聊天。(actually, a number of, such as) 7. 即使这工作要花掉我六个星期的时间，我仍决心要完成这份工作。(even if, determined ) 8. 政府应该尽快想出更好的办法来解决高油价所带来的问题. (come up with, petrol) 9. 全体同学都要准时参加明天举行的会议. (request) Module 1 Unit 3 1. 杰克给了我一个坚定的眼神，这眼神表明他不会改变主意，也不会屈服。(determine, change one’s mind, give in) 2. 花了一周时间才把衣物和药品送达灾区。(transport) 3. 那个老人很固执，病了还拒绝搬到他女儿家中住。(stubborn) 4. 请耐心点。火车十分钟后到。(be doing 表将来) Module 1 Unit 4

英汉互译在线翻译句子教案资料

英汉互译在线翻译句 子

美句集锦 如果只是遇见，不能停留，不如不遇见。 if we can only encounter each other rather than stay with each other,then i wish we had never encountered. 2。宁愿笑着流泪，也不哭着说后悔。心碎了，还需再补吗？ i would like weeping with the smile rather than repenting with the cry, when my heart is broken, is it needed to fix? 3。没有谁对不起谁，只有谁不懂得珍惜谁。 no one indebted for others, while many people dont know how to cherish others. 4。命里有时钟需有命里无时莫强求 you will have it if it belongs to you, whereas you dont kvetch for it if it doesnt appear in your life. 5。当香烟爱上火柴时，就注定受到伤害 when a cigarette falls in love with a match, it is destined to be hurt. 6。爱情…在指缝间承诺指缝…。在爱情下交缠。 love ,promised between the fingers finger rift, twisted in the love 7。没有人值得你流泪，值得让你这么做的人不会让你哭泣。 no man or woman is worth your tears, and the one who is, won?t make you cry. 8。记住该记住的，忘记该忘记的。改变能改变的，接受不能改变的。 remember what should be remembered, and forget what should be forgotten. alter what is changeable, and accept what is unchangeable. love is like a butterfly. it goes where it pleases and it pleases where it goes. 爱情就像一只蝴蝶，它喜欢飞到哪里，就把欢乐带到哪里。 if i had a single flower for every time i think about you, i could walk forever in my garden. 假如每次想起你我都会得到一朵鲜花，那么我将永远在花丛中徜徉。 within you i lose myself, without you i find myself wanting to be lost again. 有了你，我迷失了自我。失去你，我多么希望自己再度迷失。 每一个沐浴在爱河中的人都是诗人。 look into my eyes - you will see what you mean to me. 看看我的眼睛，你会发现你对我而言意味着什么。 distance makes the hearts grow fonder. 距离使两颗心靠得更近。 i need him like i need the air to breathe. 我需要他，正如我需要呼吸空气。 if equal affection cannot be, let the more loving be me. 如果没有相等的爱，那就让我爱多一些吧。 love is a vine that grows into our hearts. 爱是长在我们心里的藤蔓。 if i know what love is, it is because of you.

经典英语句子翻译

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10、Love is the greatest refreshment in life.爱情是生活最好的提神剂。 11、Love is like the moon, when it does not increase, it decreases.爱情就像月亮，不增则减。 12、Where there is great love, there are always miracles.哪里有真爱存在，哪里就有奇迹。 13、We cease loving ourselves if no one loves us.如果没有人爱我们，我们也就不会再爱自己了。 14、If equal affection cannot be, let the more loving be me.如果没有相等的爱，那就让我爱多一些吧。 15、Every day without you is like a book without pages.没有你的日子就像一本没有书页的书。 16、A heart that loves is always young.有爱的心永远年轻。 17、Love keeps the cold out better than a cloak.爱比大衣更能驱走寒冷。 18、Love is like a butterfly. It goes where it pleases and it pleases where it goes.爱情就像一只蝴蝶，它喜欢飞到哪里，就把欢乐带到哪里。 19、I need him like I need the air to breathe.我需要他，正如我需要呼吸空气。 20、Love never dies.爱情永不死。 21、When love is not madness, it is not love.如果爱不疯狂

大学英语2翻译句子

（1）背离传统需要极大的勇气。It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. (2) 汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。Tom used to be very shy,but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. (3) 很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是可取的。Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. (4) 假设那幅名画确实是名作，你觉得值得购买吗?Assuming this painting really is a masterpiece,do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it? (5) 如果这些数据统计上是站得住脚的，那他将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。If the data is statistically valid,it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. UNIT2 (1) 该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose. (2) 每当他生气的时候，他说话就有点结巴。Whenever he was angry ,he would begin to stammer slightly. (3) 教育是我们家最着重的传统，这就是为什么我父母从不带我去昂贵的饭店吃饭，却送我到最好的私立学校上学。Education is the most cherished tradition in our family.That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants,but sent me to the best private school. (4) 手术康复不久，他失业了，因此经历了人生的又一次困难阶段。Shortly after he recovered from the surgery,he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life. (5) 与我们的富裕邻居相比，我们的父母就相当穷了，但是他们总是努力满足我们最起码的有需求。In contrast to our affluent neighbors,my parents are rather poor ,but they have always tried to meet our minimal needs. UNIT3 (1) 科学家们找到火星上有水的证据了吗？Have scientist found proof of water on Mars? (2) 计划委员会已经将核电厂的可能地点缩小到了两个沿海城镇。The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns. (3) 山姆不仅失去了工作，而且失去了双腿，他只好靠社会救济度过余生。Sam not only lost his job but also both legs;he had to live on welfare for the rest of his life. (4) 由十二人组成的陪审团一致表决玛丽有罪。A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty. (5) 听到有人质疑他的才能，肖恩觉得受了奇耻大辱。Sean felt humiliated to hear his talent

英语翻译句子

1、如有必要，生活在将要发生地震地区的人可以睡在帐篷里。（if necessary） If necessary,people who live in the area where an earthquake is about to occur may sleep in tents. 2、对一个想找工作的学生来说，有没有硕士学位的的确有很大影响。 A master’s degree does make a great difference to a student who wants to get a job. 3、这本书出了告诉我们地震方面的知识外，还告诉我们如何做好预防工作。 In addition to the knowledge about earthquakes, the book tells us how to prepare for them. 4、抱怨是没有用的，因为抱怨并改变不了什么，重要的是得采取措施预防类似事件发生。 It’s no use complaining since nothing ever changes as the result of a complaint,What’s important is to take measures to prevent similar events from happening. 5、就星期六晚上首次上演的那出戏，他什么也没说。 He said nothing at all on the subject of the play which was put on for the first time Saturday night. 6、的确有些妇女坚持认为，在丈夫挣的钱不如他们期待的那么高的情况下，她们有权要求离婚。 Make no mistake about it, some women would insist on the right to get a divorce if their husbands did not earn as much as they expected. 7、偶然发现的指纹有助于弄清他一直在调查的凶杀案。 The casual discovery of the fingerprint shed some light on the murder he had been looking into. 8、我突然意识到，金钱无法弥补过去五年里他所遭受的苦难。 It suddenly dawned on me that money couldn’t make up for all that he had suffered in the past five years. 9、有些人称翻译为科学，而另一些人却把它当做艺术。 Some people refer to translation as science while others take it as art. 10、我们应该发扬民主，而不应该将个人观点强加于他人。 Instead of imposing personal views upon others, we should promote democracy.

英语翻译句子200句

CET-4 翻译练习 1. I have had a great deal of trouble keeping up with the rest of the class. (跟得上班上的其他同学) 2. I don't mind yourdelaying making (你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late. 3. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play indispensable roles (起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children. 4. Mark often attempts to escape/avoid being fined(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 5. When I caught/found him cheating me(发现他骗我), I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. 6. I suggested he should adapt himself to（使自己适应）his new conditions. 7. What a lovely party! It's worth remembering all my life(牢记一生). 8. If you won't agree to our plan, neither will they(他们也不会同意). 9. His remarks left me wondering about his real purpose(想知道他的真实目的). 10. If you had followed my advice, you would not be in trouble (听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦） 11. Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not lose contact with(失去联系) the outside world. 12. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are being developed(正在研制) and perfected now. 13. How close parents are has a strong influence/impact on(有很强的影响) the character of their children. 14. The room is in a terrible mess; it can’t have been cleaned（肯定没打扫过）. 15. With tears on her face, the lady watched her injured son sent into the operation room(看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室） 16. （这个计划成功的关键）The key to the success of this project is good planning. 17. The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual(每一人都不同) 18. The ship’s generator broke down and the pumps had to be operated manually(不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically. 19. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used to students’ being late for(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture. 20. I prefer to communicate with my customers via E-mail instead of telephone(通过写电子邮件而不是打电话） 21. After the terrorist attack, tourists were advised not to travel to that country at the moment(被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游） 22. (他把自己奉献于社区工作) He devoted himself to the community and is passionate about what he is doing. 23. Man should not exploit the natural resources at the cost of sacrificing other species (以牺牲其他物种为代价). 24. When Sandy recovered from cancer, her doctor attributed it to her firm belief in the future(把此归因于她对未来的信念). 25. At the end of his speech, the school master encouraged the children to work hard and not to let their parents down(不要让父母失望). 26. In the budget for this building, they failed to take into account/consideration the factor of