人教版八年级英语下-语法

1.thanks to 与thanks for 的用法辨析

(1)thanks to 是介词短语，意为“幸亏；由于”，用来说明原因。其后常用名词或代词在句中做状语，常位于句首，其后跟被感谢的对象，有时可与because of 互换。

eg：Thanks to the policeman，we caught the thief at last.

(2)thanks for 意为“因······而感谢”，强调感谢的理由，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。

eg：Thanks for sending me flowers.

2.in time 与on time的用法辨析

(1)in time意为“及时”，表示时间刚好赶得上。

eg：The doctor came in time and saved his life.

(2)on time意为“按时”，表示在约定或规定时间之内。

eg：Please remember to get up on time.

3.run out 与run out of的用法辨析

(1)run out of意为“用完；用光”，表示主动的意义，主语是人。

eg：Yesterday I ran out of the sugar in the kitchen.

(2)run out 用作不及物动词，表示“用完；耗尽；某物用完（花光）”。

eg：His money soon ran out.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/87964921.html,ed to 与be used to的用法辨析

(1)used to 意为“曾经······；过去······”，其后跟动词原形，表示过去存在的某种状态或者过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。eg：He used to read books at home，but now he always plays computer games outside.

(2)be used to 意为“习惯于······”，其中to为介词，故其后面跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。其中be动词还可以用get替换，get used to意为“变得习惯于······”。eg：He’s used to getting up early on weekdays.

5.alone与lonely的用法辨析

eg：His grandparents live alone in a small house，but they don’t feel lonely.

(1)alone 意为“独自；单独”，着重说明独自一人，不带有感情色彩，仅表示客观的状态。

eg：I don’t need your help，so I can finish the work alone.

(2)lonely意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，有强烈的感情色彩；还有“荒凉的；偏僻的”的意思。

eg: He felt lonely after his children went to American.

There are many snakes on the lonely island.

(3)alone为表语形容词，只能做表语不能做定语；而lonely 既可以做表语也可作定语。

6.excited 与exciting的用法辨析

eg：The sports show is exciting，so we are really excited.

(1)be excited about 表示“对······感到兴奋”；excited意为“激动的，兴奋的”，用于描述人的主观感受。

eg：I was excited about the idea of having a dog.

(2)exciting意为“令人兴奋的”，用于修饰或描述事物本身的性质。

eg：The story is so exciting that we all want to know the end.

(3)与exciting和excited类似的词还有：surprised/surprising；interested/interesting；

relaxed/relaxing；bored/boring；tired/tiring等。

7.lend 与borrow的用法辨析

(1)borrow指从别人那里借入东西，常用语句型borrow something from somebody or somewhere 表示“从某人或某处借某物”。

eg：Do you often borrow books from library?

(2)lend 指把东西借给别人，强调借出，常用语句型lend something to somebody，表示“把某物借给某人”。

eg：He lent his umbrella to me yesterday，so I didn’t get wet.

8.in order to 与in order that的用法辨析

(1)in order to意为“目的是，为了”，和后面的动词构成不定式短语，表示目的。可放在句首，也可位于句中。其否定式为in order not to。

eg：In order to have a good future，we should study hard now.

She said she was ill in order not to go to school.

(2)in order that也表示“为了”，引导目的状语从句，相当于so that。

eg：We used the computer in order that we might save time.

(3)当in order that 引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以把从句改写成in order to 结构。

eg：we started early in order that we could catch the first train.

=We started early in order to catch the first train.

9.offer 与provide 的用法辨析

(1)provide和offer都有“提供；供给”的意思。provide侧重于做好准备而提供。provide something for somebody = provide somebody with something，意为“给某人

提供某物”。

eg：The school provides three meals a day for us.

= The school provides us with three meals a day.

(2)offer表示“主动提出，资源给予”。常见搭配有offer to do something，offer somebody something 或offer something to somebody。

eg：She offered me a cup of tea.

10.hit与beat的用法辨析

(1)hit做动词，意为“碰撞；打击”，强调一次性动作。其过去式和过去分词与原形同形。hit somebody意为“击中某人”；表示“击中身体的某一部位”则用“hit somebody +介词+the+身体部位”。

eg：Thomas hit Sam on the head.

注意：get hit by为被动结构，意为“被······打着”。

eg：Susan got hit by a basketball when passing by the playground.

(2)beat 做动词，意为“打；敲；接连打击；击败”，强调重复性动作。

eg：My heart was beating so quickly after knowing the exciting news.

11.so···that

(1)His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.

该句为so···that···引导的结果状语从句，意为“如此······以至于······”。该句型中的so为副词，用来修饰形容词或副词；that后为从句，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，也可用too···to···或enough···to···构成简单句表达。

eg：He is so old that he can go to school.

=He’s old enough to go to school.

This question is so difficult that I can’t work it out.

(2)You should call him so that you can say you’re sorry.

该句为so that引导的目的状语从句，so that意为“为了；以便于”，that从句中常使用can，may等情态动词。

eg：We started early so that we could catch the first train to Xi’an.

12.提建议的句型

(1)“Why not/ Why don’t you+动词原形”意为“为什么不······”。

常用肯定答语有：Good idea!/Good./All right./Sure.等。

否定答语有：No, I don’t think so./ Sorry, I can’t.等。

eg：---Why don’t you buy some flowers for your mother？

---Good idea!

---A nice day，isn’t it？

---Yes, why not go for a picnic and relax ourselves.

(2)“Let’s+动词原形+其他”，意为“让我们······吧”。

eg：Let’s play soccer after school.

(3)“How/What about+名词/代词/动词-ing形式+其他？”意为“······怎么样？”。eg：What about talking about it with your teacher？

(4)“Would you like to+动词原形”，意为“你愿意······吗？”。

eg：Would you like to watch a game show on TV?

(5)“could/should+动词原形+其他”，意为“可以/应该······”。

eg：The hospital is far from here. You could take a bus there.

You should obey the rules in school.

13.动词不定式的用法

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。基本形式为“to+动词原形”；其否定式为“not+动词不定式”。不定式可在句中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等，其用法如下：

(1)位于learn，begin，want，plan，agree，decide，would like等动词后面做宾语。eg：They decided to visit Hong Kong next week.

(2)放在tell，ask，want，like等动词后做宾语补足语。

eg：He asked my father to repair his broken car.

(3)位于感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice或使役动词let，make，have等后做宾语补足语时，常用不带to的不定式。

eg：I saw a dog come out of the room.

(4)位于happy，sad，glad，surprised，bored，relaxed，excited等形容词后做状语，表示原因。

eg：Helen was surprised to meet me in the street.

(5)和which，what，where等疑问词连用，在句中做主语，表语和宾语等。

eg：When to start is not decided yet.

The problem is where to have a party.

I want to know how to get to the park.

14.have trouble 的用法

(1) trouble做不可数名词，意为“困难；麻烦”。Have (some，much, no) trouble (in) doing something意为“在做某事方面有（一些，许多，没有······）困难”。其中trouble 还可以改为difficulty，problem等。

eg：I have trouble understanding it.

(2) have trouble with something意为“在某（些）方面有困难”。

eg：I have trouble with my English.

15.反身代词的用法

反身代词用来表示反射或强调，与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性别和数上保持一致。

(1)反身代词的构成

(2)反身代词的用法

①可做宾语，指宾语和主语表示的是同一个或同一些人或事物。

eg：My sister can’t look after herself well.

②可做表语，指表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事。

eg：Just be yourself.

③可做主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。

eg：I met the writer himself last week.

④用在某些固定短语中。

look after oneself; take care of oneself; teach oneself; learn something by oneself; enjoy oneself; help oneself to something; hurt oneself；all by oneself等。

eg：Those girls enjoyed themselves in the party.

16.“主语+谓语+it+形容词+不定式”结构

You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.

17.在句中it做make的形式宾语，不定式短语for me to have Lucky为真正的宾语。这一结构通常由形容词做宾补构成“主语+谓语+it+形容词+不定式”的结构。eg：I think it important to learn English well.

拓展：it 还可以做形式主语，把真正的主语放在句尾。

eg：It’s necessary for us to exercise every day.

17.as soon as

The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over.

the minute相当于as soon as，意为“一······就······”，引导时间状语从句。此句型遵循“主将从现”的原则。当从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。

eg：I’ll write to you the minute I get to America.

=I’ll write to you as soon as I get to America.

18.to 引导不定式短语做目的状语，意为“为了······”。常放在句首，表示强调。

eg: To learn English well, he listens to English tapes every day.

19.any other的用法

（1）any other意为“其他任何一个”，是指在统一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他人或事物；后面接可数名词单数形式，通常用于比较级句型，多用于统一范围内的事物的比较。

eg: Lucy is more careful than any other student in her class.

（2）“any other+可数名词单数”常可与“the other+可数名词复数”的结构互换，用比较级的结构表达最高级的意义。

eg: Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.

=Shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.

=Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

20.表示“倍数”的句型

（1）表述事物之间的倍数关系。

①“倍数+as+原级+as”。

eg: Asia is four times as large as Europe.

②“倍数+比较级+than”。

eg: The book is three times longer than that one.

注意：A is···times larger/ higher/ longer/ wider than B. 意为“A比B大/高/长/宽······倍”。而A is···times as big/ high/ long/ wide as B.表示“A是B的······倍大/高/长/宽”.

（2）表示一倍用once，两倍用twice, 三倍（以）上用“基数词+times”。若要表示“比······倍还要多”可在倍数前加over 或more than等。

eg: The car runs twice faster than that truck.

八年级下册英语语法知识点

1、Smell的用法smell作系动词后面跟形容词作表语例子：Themilkintheabitsour.瓶里的牛奶闻起来有点酸 2、What引导感叹句句型：what[a/an]+形容词+名词/名词性短语+主语+谓语 3、youlike....Wouldlike意为想要可以直接跟宾语Wouldyoulike....意为：你想要.....吗？回答为yes.../no...例子：Wouldyoulikesomenoodles 4、Try的用法作名词意为：努力，尝试。常用短语haveatry：试试看try还可以做动词意为：尝试，努力。常用结构：trydoingsth(尽力去做某事）/trytodosth（尝试去做某事） 5、Hearfromsb的用法意为：收到某人的来信相当于get/receivealetterformsb.注意：hearfrom 的宾语是人，而get与receive的宾语是事物 6、Can’twaittodosth.的用法Can’twaittodosth意为：迫不及待做某事列子：Summerholidayiscoming.Childrencan’twaittogobackhome.暑假快到了，孩子们都迫不及待地回家了。 7、With具有；带有(1)with作介词，意为：具有；带有列子：Idreamofabighousewithanicegarden 我梦想拥有一个带花园的大房子(2)with+宾语+宾语补足语表示方式或伴随情况。宾语补足语由形容词、分词或介词短语来充当。列子：Helefttheroomwiththedooropen 他没关门就离开了房间。 8、Spend的用法(1)spendtime／moneyonsth.在……上花费时间(金钱).例子：Ispenttwohoursonthismathsproblem.这道数学题花了我两个小时.(2)spendtime／money(in)doingsth.花费时间(金钱)做某事.例子：Theyspenttwoyears(in)buildingthisbridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间.(3)spendmoneyforsth.花钱买…….(某物)例子：Hismoneywasspentforbooks.他的钱用来买书了. 9、Beproudof.....意为为...而感到骄傲无论什么情况都不用主格，因为是做介词of的宾语，只能用宾格。如果主语和of后的词指代的是同一个人，就可以用反身代词，如：I'mproudofmyself.Youareproudofyourself.Heisproudofhimself.如果主语和of后的词指代的不是同一个人，不可用反身代词。如：I'mproudofyou.Youareproudofhim. 感官系动词感官系动词主要有feellooksmellsoundtaste。作为系动词这些词本身含有词义，但不能单独作为谓语，后面必须跟形容词构成表系结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等 10、Whatdo/doessb.looklike的用法Whatdo/doessb.looklike某人长什么样常用来形容外貌拓展：whatis/aresb.Like的用法whatis/aresb.Like意为某人怎么样？常用来形容性格 11、Close的用法close意为靠近；接近（1）close可作为副词列子：Wesatclosetogether.我们紧挨着坐在一起（2）close作形容词表示空间、时间上的接近相当于never。句型；becloseto意为：离....很近（3）close可作为动词意为：关闭反义词：open 12、While的用法while意为：当....的时候(1)while作连词引导时间状语从句，强调句中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生，但持续时间较长或主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生。(2)while还可以用来表示对比，连接两个并列句子，对比某两件事物。 13、When的用法when引导的时间状语从句when意为：当(在)......的时候既可以连接一个时间点，又可以连接一个时间段。When引导的从句中的谓语多用终止性(瞬间)动词，主从句的动作可以同时发生也可以有先后顺序发生。列子：WhenIgotback,Ifoundmymothercookingforme.当我回家时，我发现妈妈正在为我做饭。 现在完成时的重点和难点 一、现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”

20180114人教版八年级上册英语各单元语法

一复合不定代词 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词，它们有some, any, much, many 等以及由every-, some-, any-, no-加上-thing, -body, -one构成的复合不定代词。下面我们主要学习有关复合不定代词的内容。 1、复合不定代词的分类 指物：everything, something, anything, nothing 指人：everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody everyone, someone, anyone, no one 2、复合不定代词的用法 1. ◆some-类的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中。如： There is somebody at the door. ◆any-类的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中，表示“某事；某物；某人”；也可用 于肯定句或条件从句中，表示“任何东西；任何人”。如： There isn't anything in the box. Did you see anybody there? If anybody comes here, please ask him to wait. 2. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如： Everybody knows he sings well. 3. 复合不定代词若有定语(形容词或不定式)修饰时，定语要放在其后。如： There's nothing new about this. I want something to eat. 【运用】单项选择 1. —Who taught Zhu Zhiwen to sing? —________! He learned singing by himself. A. Everybody B. Somebody C. Nobody 2. There is ________ wrong with my back and it hurts seriously. A. anything B. something C. nothing 3. I always believe that ________ is difficult if we try our best to do it. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 4. —Would you please tell me ________ in today's newspaper? —Sorry, I haven't read it yet.

人教版八年级上册英语知识点汇总

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八年级上册英语语法归纳

八年级上册英语语法归纳 【篇一】 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father’s job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如： ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特? ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制;而Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如： What color do you like best? (所有颜色) 你最喜爱什么颜色? Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围) 你最喜爱哪一种颜色? 3. what 与which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国? 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always(总是，一直) usually(通常)

often(常常，经常) sometimes(有时候) never(从不) 2.频度副词的位置： a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如： David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。 b.放在行为动词前。如： We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7：10去上学。 c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。 3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：Never have I been there. 5) every day 与everyday 1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如： We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7：10去上学。 I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。 2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。 She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。

人教版初中八年级-上册英语语法汇总

人教版初中八年级上册英语语法汇总 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如 When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如 Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如 Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京 2) 情态 动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等有“竟会”的意思例如 How should I know? 我怎么知道 Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚 should有时表示应当做或发生的事例如 We should help each other. 我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如 You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如 You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如 We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词都可以指人或事物但是what仅用来询问职业。如 What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的 该句相当于 What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如 ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特 ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指所指的事物没有范围的限制而 Which...?是特指所指的事物 有范围的限制。如 What color do you like best? 所有颜色 你最喜爱什么颜色 Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 有特定的范围

初二英语语法知识点总结

1.want sb to do sth 想要某人干某事 2.try to do sth 尽力干某事 3. try not to do sth 尽力不干某事 4. try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力干某事 5. try on 试穿have a try 试一试 6. although /though 引导让步状语从句，“即使，虽然”，不能与but 连用，但可与yet, still 连用。 7.finish doing sth 结束干某事 8.can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地干某事 9.decide to do sth 决定干某事decide not to do sth 决定不干某事.decide on doing sth 决定干某事同义词组: make a decision to do sth = make up one’s mind to do sth = decide to do sth 10.plan to do sth 计划干某事11.think about doing sth 考虑干某事12.go + v-ing 的用法: 13.:It’s + adj +for /of sb to do sth 同义句：1).I t’s +adj +for sb +to do sth = To do sth + be +adj 2).It’s +adj +of sb +to do sth = Sb +be +adj + to do sth 14. 1).take the train to …=go to …by train take the bus to …= go to …by bus 2).fly to …= go to …by plane /air walk to …. = go to …on foot ride a bike to …= go to …. by bike My uncle went to New York last week . 15. 1).It +takes +sb.+时间+to do sth 2).sb. +spend +时间+on sth (in doing sth ). 16. A +be +距离+from +sb = It’s +距离+from A+ to sb. 17.leave ,leave for , leave …for …1).leave +地点“离开某地”2).leave for +地点“前往某地”=go to +某地3).leave +某地+for +某地“离开某地前往某地” 18.all …not = not all “并非都”部分否定注：not 与all /both /every ….. 连用构成部分否定。19.the number of / a number of 1).a number of 许多= a lot of /many , number 前可用large /small 来修饰，a large / small number of ….. 作主语时，谓语用复数。2).the number of ….的数量, 作主语时，谓语用单数。20. 1).ill 用在系动词之后作表语。 2).sick 既可以放在系动词之后作表语也可放在名词之前作定语。21.表示客气地请求某人干某事1). Would you like to do sth ? 2).Could you please do sth ? 3).Will /Would you please do sth ? 4).Can you do sth ? 22. 1). be busy with sth .忙于某事2).be busy doing sth 忙于干某事3).be busy 的反义词组be free / have time I am busy tomorrow 23. 1).whole 一般置于冠词，物主代词或其他限定词之后，all 位于限定词之前。2).一般不修饰不可数名词，all 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。24.however / but however “然而，可是”用于句首或句中，须用逗号隔开。而but 不用逗号隔开。25. 1).most of the +复数名词“…..中的大多数”2).most +复数名词“大多数的…….” 26. 1).beat:打败后面接打败的人或对象beat sb 2).win:赢后面接比赛的项目(race , game , match , prize …..) 3).lose:输lose to sb 输给某人lose sth 输了某物27.do you think 作为插入语1).位置：放在疑问词之后2).语序：后面的句子用陈述句语序。 28.常见的不可数名词：weather work food news advice information fun music paper water 29. 1).afford 常与情态动词can , can’t , could , couldn’t 连用2).afford 后面接名词或代词不定时。3).同义句：can’t afford to do sth = sb don’t /doesn’t have enough money to do sth . 30. 1).listen to …仔细倾听强调听的过程2).hear …听到、听见强调听的结果3).sound …. 系动词“听起来…….”后面接形容词而sound like +名词31. 1).not as…as 之间要用原级2).同义句：A + not as/so…as +B= A + 形容词的反义词的比较级+ than + B = B + 形容词的比较级+ than +A 32. finally = at last = in the end Finally he came up with an idea 33.turn on / open 的区别：1.turn on ：指打开水流，煤气，电灯，电视，收音机等电器的开关。 2.open：指关着的门，窗，箱子打开。 34.into/ in 的区别： 1.into表示“到……里面去”，进入到……某空间里。属于动态介词。 2.in表示“在……里面”，在某一空间或范围之内。属于静态介词。 35. too…to…= not…enough to …= so…that…. 36.：called = named = with the name (of) ?37. 1.see sb do sth :看见某人做了某事 2.see sb doing sth .看见某人正在做某事(注)：类似的动词有：hear ,watch ,notice 等。省to的不定式变被动语态时，需带上