英语词汇学

1、types of morphemes: Free morphemes; bound morphemes; inflectional morphemes.

2、types of bound morphemes：Prefix; Suffix.

3、types of idioms: Idioms Nominal in nature; Idioms Adjectival in nature; Idioms

Verbal in nature; Idioms Adverbal in nature; sentence idioms.

4、types of word meaning: Grammatical meaning and lexical meaning; conceptual

meaning and associative meaning (connotative meaning\stylistic ~\affective

~\collocative ~)

5、idioms stylistic features: colloquialisms; slang; literary expressions.

6、idioms rhetorical features:

phonetic manipulation (alliteration\rhyme); lexical manipulation

(reiteration\repetition\juxtaposition);figures of speech

(simile\metaphor\metonymy\synecdovhe\euphemism\personification)

7、types of word formation: affixation; compounding; conversion; blending; clipping;

acronym; back-formation; word from proper names.

8、changes in wording: extension; narrowing; elevation; degradation; transfer.

9、types of motivation: morphological motivated; semantic ~; etymological ~;

onomatopoeic ~

10、语系划分的标准Estern set : Balto-Slavic(Prussian, Lithuanian , Polish ,Czech, Bulgarian ,Slovenian and Russian.), Indo-Iranian（Persian, Hindi）, Armenian and Albanian；Western set : Celtic(Scottish, Irish, Welsh, Breton), Italic(Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian , Roumanian) , Hellenic(Greek), Germanic(Norwegian ,Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, English, German).

五、41-45名词解释*2；

Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words.

Morphology : the study of morpheme and their different forms.

Semantics：the study of word meaning.

Etymology: the study of the origin of words, and of their history and changes in

their meaning.

Stylistics : the study of the variation in language which is dependent on the situation in which the language is used and also on the effect the writer or speaker wishes to create on the reader or hearer

Lexicography : the compiling of dictionaries.

Synchronic study : the study of a word or words at one particular point in time.

Diachronic study: a n approach to lexicology which studies how a word (or words)

changes over a period of time.

word: a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and

meaning and syntactic function.

vocabulary：Vocabulary refers to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular historical period.Vocabulary also refers to all the words of a given dialect, given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person.

Terminology术语consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and

academic areas as in medicine:

Jargon行话refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves such as in

business.

slang俚语belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone

and in-group words

Argot黑话generally refers to the jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups, and outsiders can hardly understand it,

Archaism s古词语are words or forms that were once in common use but are now

restricted only to specialized or limited use.

Neologisms新词语are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have

taken on new meanings.

denizen s同化词are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated

into the English language.

Alien非同化词are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation

and spelling.

Translation-loans. 借译词Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but modelled on the patterns taken from

another language.

Semantic-loan s借义词Words of this category are not borrowed with reference to the

form. But their meanings are borrowed.

Content word: the basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary ,which accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. It is the most

important part of vocabulary.

Creation : the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affix es and other elements. Semantic change means an old form which takes on a

new meaning to meet the new need.

Morpheme: the smallest meaningful unit in a language

Allomorph: any of the different forms of a morpheme

Free morpheme: a linguistic form which can be used on its own as a word

Bound morpheme: a form (morpheme) which can not he used alone hut must be used with another morpheme. Bound morphemes include hound roots and affixes

Affixes: forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function

Prefixation(suffixation): is the formation of new words by adding prefixes(suffixes) to stem

Inflectional affixes: affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships

Derivational affixes: affixes added to other morphemes to create new words

Root: a morpheme which is the basic part of a word that can not be further analyzed without total loss of identity

Stem: a form to which affixes of any kind can be added

Bound root: a root that can not stand alone as a word

Monomorphemic words: words that have nothing more than a free morpheme

Affixation: Derivation (also known as affixation) is the process of formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. Affixaton consisits of prefixation and suffixation. Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems; suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to

stems.

Compounding: Compounding or composition is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems. Words formed in this way tire called compounds.

Conversion：Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. Functional shift = conversion Zero-derivation .Adjective to noun :

(1) full conversion (2) partial conversion

Acronymy Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of neames of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms Acronymy 包含两类:1) initialisms (不发音)e.g. BBC, VOA, TB2)

acronyms (形成新的发音)e.g. CORE, TEFL

Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a won!

plus a part of another word. Words formed by blending are called blends or

pormanteau.

Clipping is a way of making new words which involves the shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead.

Back-formation is a process of forming new words considered to the opposite process of suffixation by the removal of an affix from existing word.

Words from proper names of place, people, trade, book, etc.

Concept,is beyond language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective

world in the human mind

Sense : denotes the relationships inside the language.

Reference is the relationship between language and the world

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英语词汇学怎么考 英语词汇学必背知识点

英语词汇学怎么考英语词汇学必背知识 点 英语词汇学考试难吗？那么该课程怎么考？要知道英语考试并不是一蹴而就的，所以考前应该日记月累的学习，在最后考试的时候才能更好的通过考试，我们来看看英语词汇学必背知识点吧。 英语词汇学怎么考 英语词汇学是一门理论知识课，每个知识点应该说都重要，所以重点和一般本来就难以界定。从掌握知识来说，不要去分重点和一般，对每章每节都要以搞懂弄通为原则。 1、考前重点词汇复习方法 要知道语法填空重点考查的词：动词、形容词、副词和派生词。其中重点是动词，要把考点的设置与拼写的可能形式结合起来(如从谓语动词的角度来看，就要 考虑动词的时态、语态和主谓一致所带来的动词变化。其中过去式是考查重点，所以对动词的过去式，尤其是不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的拼写，自然就成为后期复习的重点。至于另外三大词类也完全可以如此类推。
2、词汇积累学习

加强短文背诵，增强“词不离句”意识。背诵是非常原始的英语学习方法，但也是非常积极、有效的学习方法。优选一些名家名篇，做为背诵的素材;或从课文中精选一些精悍之作，作为研习的精典，不但能够迅速提高语感，而且容易激发兴趣，形成活生生的词库，为单词的准确使用打下良好的基础。 3、英语主观题拿分技巧 首先是单词拼写，这是所有题目中考生得分最低的一个部分，通常平均分不超过3分，所以大家不要太在意，20个单词，对4个，能有2分就很不错了，如果想要提高这部分，大家还要有准备的背单词，因为这里面的单词，并不全是课本课后单词表的单词，其中很多都是以前在中学学过的，所以要准备这一部分，需要的是买一本自考英语的词汇大纲，按里面的词汇背记才有意义。 如果大家对英语词汇学课程学习有难度，那么可以通过在线视频学习的，以上三点就是学赛小编对英语词汇学必背知识点学习方法，希望大家能更好的学习。 点击进入>>>