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听力之最终绝技 Short Conversations 题目序号

听力之最终绝技Short Conversations 题目序号：11-18 及格数量：5-6 道重点主题：Campus life 核心技巧：核心技巧：1、后句比前句重要，回答比提问重要2、若选项中个别单词或短语被明显播读，此项多为错；同义词替换选项正确可能性大。3、同义词替换（最保险考点）同义词替换（最保险考点）4、关注对话潜在规则：关注对话潜在规则：例如东西断货、房间爆满、考试失败、课程作业抱怨、交通工具迟到、邀约失败... 例一：2009 年12 月第16 题A) She must have paid a lot for the gym. B) She is known to have a terrific figure. C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. （她的健身房练习取得好的结果）D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy. 原文：W: I’ve been working out the gym since January. I was a bit out o f shape. M: You look terrific It seems that your effort has paid off terrific. off.（你看起来棒极了，看来努力没有白费.）Q: What does the man imply about the woman? 解析: 关注第二句，期间读到的单词全部在错项中有所体现。答案是C。例二：2008 年12 月第17 题A) She wants to get some sleep. B) She needs time to write a paper.

C) She has a literature class to attend. D) She is troubled by her sleep problem. 原文：M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee? W: I'd love to, but I'm exhausted. I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class. Q: Why does the woman decline the man's invitation? 解析：准确答案A。用来替换I'm exhausted（疲倦），同义替换，听到的慎选。Longer Conversations 题目序号：19-25 及格数量：4 推荐准确数量：5-6 道推荐准确数量：6-7 题restaurant

job-hutting hotel 重点场景：Airport（flight）

重点场景：Airport（flight）重点主题：Campus life

hotel job-hunting

核心技巧：1、视听基本一致。（听什么选什么）1 视听基本一致。（听什么选什么）。（听什么选什么2、第一句、第一回合对应第一题答案；3、选项答案为短语或单词可以直选；4、问答式对话中，答案句经常出题5、请注意对话的主旨例题：2010 年 6 月第二段长对话23.A) The pocket money British children get. A) B) The annual inflation rate in Britain. C) The things British children spend money on. D) The rising cost of raising a child in Britain. 24.A) It enables children to live better. B) It goes down during economic recession. inflation. C) It often rises higher than inflation. D) It has gone up 25% in the past decade. 25.A) Save up for their future education. B) Pay for small personal things. C) Buy their own shoes and socks. D) Make donations when necessary. 答案：ACB 原文：听力原文：W: Now you’ve seen this table of figures about the pocket money children in get?(Q23 答案点，首句考点+视听一致) Britain get?(Q23 答案点，首句考点+视听一致) M: Yes.

I thought it was quite interesting, but I don’t quite understand the column entitled change. Can you explain what it means? W: Well, I think it means the change from the year before. I am not a mathematician, but I assume the rise from 70p to 90p is a rise of 25 percent. M: Oh yes, I see. And the inflation rate is there for comparison. W: Yes. why do you think the rise in pocket money is often higher than inflation? inflation? 答案点，视听一致）（Q24 答案点，视听一致）M: I am sorry I’ve no idea. Perhaps parents in Britain are too generous. W: Perhaps they are. But it looks as if children were not better off in 2001 than they were in 2002. That’s strange, isn’t it? And they seem to have been bett er off in

2003 than they are now. I wonder why that is. M: Yes, I don’t understand that at all. W: Anyway, if you had children, how much pocket money would you give them?

M: I don’t know. I think I’ll probably give them 2 pounds a week. W: Would you? And what would you expect them to do with it? M: Well, out of that, they have to buy some small personal things?（Q25 答案点，things?（答案点，视听一致）视听一致）, but I wouldn’t expect them to save to buy their own socks, for example. W: Yes, by the way, do most children in your country get pocket money? M: Yeah, they do. Q23 What is the table of figures about? Q24 What do we le arn from the conversation about British children’s pocket money? Q25 Supposing the man had children, what would he expect them to do with their pocket money? Passage Comprehensions 题目序号：26-35 及格数量：6 核心技巧：1、视听基本一致1 2、顺序答题，首尾句，转折关系等重点词汇3、注意语调变化，升调（疑问句）时会出题4、最高级会出题例题：2007 年12 月第一篇短文听力26. A）They care a lot about children. B）They need looking after in their old age. C）They want to enrich their life experience. D）They want children to keep them company. 27.A）They are usually adopted from distant places. B）Their birth information is usually kept secret. C）Their birth parents often try to conceal their birth information. D）Their adoptive parents don’t want them to know their birth parents. 28. A）They generally hold bad feeling towards their birth parents. B）They do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents. C）They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents. D）They are fully aware of the expenses involved in the search. 29. A）Early adoption makes for closer parent-child relationship. B）Most people prefer to adopt children from overseas. C）Understanding is the key to successful adoption. D）Adoption has much to do with love. 答案：ABCD 原文：推荐准确数量：8 道

When couples get married，they usually plan to have children，Sometimes，however，a couple can not have a child of their own. In this case，they may decide to adopt a child. In fact，adoption is very common today. There are about 60,000 adoptions each year in the United States alone. Some people prefer to adopt infants. Others adopt older children. Some couples adopt children from their own families，they all adopt children for the same reason. They care about children（第26 题）and want children（to give their adopted child a happy life. Most adopted children know that they are adopted. Psychologists and childcare experts generally think this is a good idea. However，many adopted children or adoptees have very little information about their biological parents. As a matter of fact，it is often very difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents because the birth records of most adoptees are usually sealed. The information is secret，（第secret，（第27 题）so no one can see it. ，（Naturally，adopted children have different feelings about their birth parents. Many adoptees want to search for them，but others do not. The decision to search for birth parents is a difficult one to make. Most adoptees have mixed feelings about finding their

biological parents. （第28 题）Even though adoptees do not know about their natural parents，they do know that their adoptive parents want them，love them and will care for them. Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you’ve just heard. 26.According to the speaker，why do some couples adopt children？27.Why is it difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents？28.Why do many adoptees find it hard to make the decision to search for their birth parents？29.What can we infer from the passage？Compound Dictation 题目序号：36-46 核心技巧：1、一定要挤出至少 2 分钟的时间，预览整个文章。（考前时间或者DIRECTION 时间）2、第一遍放音时单词写出前几个字母即可，否则你会失去听到下个单词的时间。句子尽量写出两到三个单词的开头。建议采取听到什么写什么的方式。特别提示：句子的开头和结尾是最容易被写出的位置。特别提示：句子的开头和结尾是最容易被写出的位置。3、第二遍放音时补全单词。（前八题每题0.5 分，后三题每题2 分）及格数量：分6 （写对至少5 个单词，至少写出 2 句话大意）

句子继续往后补充，能写多少写多少。4、第三遍放音时补全单词。补全句子。（适当放弃难以拼写的形容词和副词）5、最后誊写时，检查单复数、语态和语法。6、利用最后几天时间复习自己总结出来的“单词威胁”。7、写句子的时候，即便是不懂的情况之下，也要尽力写出能够听到的部分。即便是半句话，也有的得分可能。四级听力中短对话共计8 道题目，对应8 个短对话；长对话共计7 道，对应2 个长对话。其中，以下主题或场景中的词汇和短语在历史上均反复出现过。在最后的时间，对它们再次熟悉，一定会对今年的听力对话类题目有所帮助。本次文章更新至2010 年12 月份最新真题。重点主题短语词汇分析（必备+必背）重点主题短语词汇分析（必备+必背）Campus life 校园生活（短对话重点）1.作业词汇：assignment/assigned book (必读书目10 年6 月第11 题) paper essays（07-6 听写答案）book/research report composition 作文copy 副本textbook 教科书/reference book 参考书(07-6 听写答案) 搭配词汇还有：be through with sth 结束，完成（两次考到）due 到期 2.课程形式词汇：Seminar （06-6、07-6-词汇，研讨会）原句：do you have the seminar schedule with you? optional course/elective （选修课）（你有研讨会的日程表么？）evening/day course (晚间/白天课程09-12 词汇) have sb's hands full with sth 忙于做某事（07-12）compulsory course/requirement （必修课）presentation （多次考到，展示或演示课）搭配词汇: hardly/barely stay awake （无法保持清醒。三次考到，最新10-6 考点) 09 年以来的一些新课程名称advanced physics (高级物理) 3.名称freshman(大一) graduate(毕业生) tutor(导师) Job hunting Job applicant sophomore（大二）junior（大三）senior（大四）(05 年考点) postgraduate （研究生）undergraduate （在校生，本科生）graduate school （研究生院）求职(长对话重点) candidate (06-6、08-12 候选人) apply for application data processing (数据处理) biology 生物computer programming (计算机程序)

Position/post （多次考到。职位）recruit （连续考到。招聘）resign （辞职，多次考到）（带薪假期）

resume (简历，注意发音，多次考到) reputation(声望。06-6/09-12 出现）

benefit (package) （福利，两次考到）social security （美国的社会保险）

paid vacation

relocation expenses （异地补偿费用）

phased retirement (08-12 阶段性退休) hotel consultant (08-6 酒店咨询)

be laid off (解雇09-12 考点) sales manager（08-12 销售经理）

Administrative work （08-12 行政工作）2008-6 the job will involve much train travel (工作中会经常有火车旅行的机会) tell me about your present job...2008-12 There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager's job. And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified（合格）. (20 个候选人竞争销售经理的职位。最后就剩我们三个了，不过那两人看起来胜算更大。) promotion（09-6/12 连续考到）2009-6 I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled.(我听说你升职，你开心死了吧) not really, the new office is huge,but the work load has doubled. （也不见得，新办公室挺大的，但是工作量也翻倍了）2009-12 2010-06 Aren’t you disappointed that you didn’t get the promotion? 19.C) It enables him to apply theory to practice 22.A) Getting along well with colleagues 机场（飞机上）1．机场地点Security check（安检处）Check-in counter （换票柜台）2. 机场人物Airhostess/stewardess （空姐）steward （空哥、空少）flight attendant （飞机乘务员）3. 飞机动作Take off/land （起飞、降落）最近题目例句：（2007－12）I hope you are packed and ready to leave. （我希望你已经打包完毕准备出发了）I have packed my passport in one of my bags. （我把护照装在一个包里了）二、餐厅1．点菜：Order 2. 埋单：Check the bill please!（埋单）Treat （请客）三、酒店最新考点（2010-6）过往考点（2007－6/12）Reservation （高频词,预定）honeymoon suite （07 年6 月词汇，蜜月套间）discount (07 年6 月词汇, 折扣) hotel clerk （07 年6 月词汇，等于receptionist）次重点washing-up 洗碗工作split the bill （分开付）menu wine list （酒单）alcohol steak French Fries （薯条）ascend/descend（上升、下降）

postpone/delay/cancel （推迟、延迟、取消）Gate（登机口）Customs （海关）Terminal （航站楼）重点能够让他把理论应用于实际与同事和睦相处

free continental breakfast （07 年6 月词汇，免费欧式早餐）四、图书馆次重点（08-6）1.书籍：journal 学术类刊物

原句：did you check the pile

of the journals you borrowed for the library the other day? (你查过那一摞头几天从图书馆借来的学刊了么？) volume 卷current/back issue 现/过刊periodical 期刊2.人物：librarian 图书管理员

听力四大题型全解析北京新东方学校赵建昆王双林题目构成与比例小对话：长对话：8% 7% 选择题选择题共8 道对话，每题长约1 分钟共2 段对话，每段长约3 分钟共3 篇文章，每篇长约 3 分钟填8 个单词和三句话，放音三遍，共计8 分钟第一部分：第一部分：小对话做题方式：做题方式：视听反向原则、同义替换原则，第二句话易为考点。例题：例题：2009 年12 月四级考试第9 题A) She must have paid a lot for the gym. B) She is known to have a terrific figure. C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy. Woman: I’ve been working out th e gym since January. I was a bit out of shape. Man: You look terrific! It seems that your effort has paid off. Question: What does the man imply about the woman? 解析：可以明显看出，本题的答案为C （她的健身房联系获得了好的结果）yielded good 。results 和原文中的your effort has paid off 产生了替换作用。其中，类似gym 和terrific、efforts 等这样明显的词汇是特别需要

慎选的，因为这些词汇都在原文中被明显播读过。另外本题目中还包括很多有用的说法：例如terrific figure （魔鬼身材）paid off（发生效果），以及重复考过的out of shape （身材走样）等等。例题：例题：请关注2009 年6 月几道小对话题目的原文形式

和设问方式：W: There were more than a hundred people at Kate's birthday party. How come she's got so many friends? M: It's really no surprise. You know she was popular even when she was a child. Q: What does the man imply about Kate? 听力短文：10% 选择题复合式听写：10% 听写填空

听力位于考试的卷二部分，共占全卷35%。

M: My washing machine is more than fifteen years old and it has worked just fine until last night。W: You'll never be able to get parts for it, even from Japan. So it might be time to invest a more recent model。Q: What does the woman suggest the man do? W: I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled。M: Not really, the new office is huge, but the word load has doubled。Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation? 以上三道小对话，都把问题的设计方向安排在第二句的位置上。所以，考生在解题时需要将自己的听力重点放在第二句上。第二部分：第二部分：长对话做题方式：做题方式：视听基本一致原则，场景解题原则视听基本一致的含义是指，听到的原文和看到的选项若基本一致，则选项容易为正确选择。这一点和短对话的原则恰恰相反，请考生一定注意。另外，考生还应注意长对话第一回合句，转折关系以及语调变化等。例题：例题：2009 年12 月四级考试第1 篇长对话（部分节选）：Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes day. B) He has signed up for a day course. cheaper. 20. A) Learn a computer language. B) Learn data processing. 答案：C B 听力原文（部分节选）：Woman: Hello, Parkson College. May I help you? Man: Yes. I’m looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fourth semester. W: Do you want a day or evening course? M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day（19 题答案点在此处直接被读出）. W: Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing? M: No. W: Oh. Well, data processing is a course you have to take（20 题答案点在此处被读到）before you can take computer programming…. 19. Why does the man choose to take an evening course? C) Buy some computer software. D) Buy a few coursebooks. D) He finds the evening course C) He has to work during the

20. What does the man have to do before taking the course of computer programming? 特别需要指出的是，本题发生的主题场景就在大学——Parkson College，学生向老师咨询课程（courses）的内容。这时，做完题目的考生得问问自己：选修课必修课，大课小课，讲座展示，学分学时这类词汇和短语我们都会说么？（具体内容请特别关注本期七大听力高频词汇）第三部分：短文听力第三部分：短文听力短文听力一般篇幅比较长，而且问题又出现在整个材料读完之后，所以对很多考生来说，如果完全听完材料，再听问题最后选择的话，就很容易忘记刚刚在材料中所听到的内容，尤其是当考察一些细节题目的时侯。针对这一情况，我们提供如下四种方法，在听材料的同时选出答案来。分别是：首尾法、视听一致原则、替换法、短词题解题法。1、首尾法：根据

统计，一篇听力材料，比较容易出题的地方是这篇材料的前几句和后首尾法：几句。而

且分别针对的是这篇材料所对应题目的第一道和最后一道。因此，对于“慢热型（听过几句话之后，才能集中起注意力来，但这时很可能第一道题目的正确答案已经被读过）” 的同学来说，从材料的第一句话就要开始注意听了。一旦错过了正确答案针对的那句话，就可能没有机会选出正确选项了。下面举一个典型的例子：以2009 年6 月的四级考试第三篇短文听力为例，、Q32: Why is life said to be difficult for Hollywood kids? Q35: What will probably have negative effects on the lives of Hollywood kids? 32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal. B) Their parents put too much pressure on them. C) It’s hard for them to get along with other kids. D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents. 35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies. B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure. C) The attention the media focuses on them. D) The pursuing of perfection in performance. In Hollywood, everybody wants to be rich, famous and beautiful. Nobody wants to be old, unknown and poor. For Hollywood kids, life can be difficult, because Hollywood they grow up in such an unreal atmosphere. Their parents are ambitious and the children are part of the parents’ ambitions. （首段）…Hollywood has always been the city of dreams. The kids there live unreal lives where money, beauty and pleasure where are the only gods. Will children around the world soon start to think the same? Or do they already? （末段）根据首段和末段的内容，我们很容易分析出，32 题的答案是A，35 题的答案是B。2、同义替换法：如上题，在长对话和短文听力这两种题型中，约有30％的题目采用了同义替换法：替换法，采用同义的短语或单词替换。我们依旧以历年真题中的比较典型的一篇短文听力为例，这篇短文听力共有相对应的四道题目，都可以用我们的替换法解答。14.

A) He didn’t like physics any more.

B) His eyesight was too poor. C) Physics was too hard for him. D) He had to work to support himself.（D）15. A) He was not happy with the new director. B) He was not qualified to be an engineer. C) He wanted to travel. D) He found his job boring.（A）16. A) He wanted to work with his friend. B) He enjoyed traveling around the world. C) He wanted to go to Spain. D) He was rejected by the engineering firm.（C）17. A) He enjoyed teaching English. B) He wanted to earn more to support his family. C) The owner of the school promised him a good position. D) He could earn more as a teacher than as a travel agent.（B）听力原文（部分）及问题如下When I was at school, my ambition was to be a pilot in the Air Force. But my eyesight wasn't good enough. So I had to give up the idea. I went to university and studies physics. I wanted to stay on there and do research, but my father died at about that time. （14）So I thought I'd better get a job and earn my living. I started So working in an engineering firm. I expected to stay in that job for a long time. But then, they appointed a new managing director.（15）I didn't get on with him, so I resigned and applied for a job with another engineering company. …He offered me a job in Spain.（16）And I've always liked Spain so I took it. I worked in the And Spain, travel agency for two years and then they wanted to send me to South America. But I had just got married. So I decided to stay here. （17）Then we had a baby and Then earning I wasn't earning enough to support the family. So I started giving English

lessons at a school in the evening. … Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. Why did the man give up studying physics? 15. Why did the man resign from the engineering firm? 16. Why did the man take the job at the travel agency? 17. Why did the man start to teach English part time? 解析：14 和15 是在同义短语结构上的替换。第14 题，正确答案是D，是把原文中的结构“earn my living”换成了选项中的“support himself”，其含义是“谋生”。（D）

第15 题，正确答案是A，是把原文中的结构“not get on with somebody”换成了选项中的“not happy with somebody”，其含义是“与某人相处的不好”。16 和17 题是在句义上的替换。第16 题，正确答案是C，是把原文中的结构“I've always liked Spain”换成了选项中的“He wanted to go to Spain”。第17 题，正确答案是B，是把原文中的结构“I wasn't earning enough to support the family.”换成了选项中的“He wanted to earn more to support his family”。3、视听一致原则：这个方法已经在之前的长对话中演示过了。视听一致原则4、短词题解题法：短词题指的是选项只有极少量单词构成，很多时候只有一个单词。短词题解题法：解答这种题目采用的方法是“重复法”，即，哪个选项中的单词被读到的次数最多就为正确选项，例如，在某年考试中，有些题目被最多地读到了5 次。另外，短词题的重复法不仅可以使用于短文听力，而且可以使用为长对话，例如：2007 年12 月第24 题A）Translator. engineer. 其中，A 选项中的translator 被读到了3 次，可判断为正确选项。而其他单词均未被读到。第四部分：第四部分：复合式听写复合式听写要求些八个单词和三个句子。改革之后的四级考试，它是每年必考的题型，也是考生认为最难的一种题型，但并非无法可解。首先，针对于八个单词的注意点如下：第一、注意积累拼写难度较高的词汇平时用惯了电脑的word 纠错功能，便对某些拼写难度较高的词汇完全漠视。例如assignment（作业）convenient （方便）government（政府）……其实，这些单词不是整体非常难写，而是在某些位置非常难写。例如，conve venient 的ve 是容易写错的，govern vernment ve vern 的n 是最容易丢掉的等等…平时注意训练，上考场时就坦荡多了；第二、注意听写句子的一些技巧句子共播放三遍，每一遍可以都有不同侧重：第一遍：先写下句子的开头，尤其是主语，并注意句子的大意；第二遍：若感觉句子实在太难，可以放弃中间部分，努力写下句子的结尾；第三遍：努力地把句子中间的部分写出一些。只有写出完整准确的句子才可以获得满分，但是只写出句子的部分也是可以得到相应分数的，所以最忌讳全面放弃。第三、可以适当改写2006 年12 月四级考试听写第一句标准答案为：What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite. 若可以听懂大意，则可以写成简单的it’s interesting that more words are polite. B）Travel agent. C）Language instructor. D）Environmental

另外，听写完毕后的检查也很重要，最重要的三个条目是：大小写、时态和单复数。阅读选词填空技巧汇总北京新东方学校尹延大学英语四级考试的阅读部分，除了传统的两篇仔细阅读和一篇快速阅读，还有一种让考生普遍头痛的考法：选词填空。选词填空的考察形式是：一篇280 词左右的文章，文章中挖出10 个空，并统一给出A-O15 个备选答案。选词填空区别于完形填空，有更大的解题难度，原因在于：1. 完形填空每题都是四选一，选词填空第一题要十五选一，就算用到排除法，最后一题也要六选一，而且在十五个选项中还有五个根本不会用到，难度加大；2. 完形填空每题的四个选项都是统一的词性，只需要辨析词义、搭配就基本可以作答，而选词填空的十五个选项有多个词性，

解题时需要同时判断词性和词义，难度加大；3. 完形填空每题的四个选项往往都是统一时态，统一形式，而在选词填空中会涉及选项的动词时态、第三人

称单数形式、被动主动语态，名词的单复数等的辨析，难度加大。因此，针对选词填空的解题方法分为三步：预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：1. 预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记；ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记；精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，2. 精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，利用前后文判断每空的词性；断每空的词性；把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。3. 把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。四级考试的常用后缀在判断选项词性时可以有一定帮助作用：常见名词后缀：-sion，-tion，如：starvation，attraction，profession -ity，如：quality，diversity 常见动词后缀：-ate，如：estimate，generate -en，如：widen，worsen 常见形容词后缀：-able，如：stable，affordable -tive，-sive，如：destructive，excessive ，sensitive -ous，如：unconscious，enormous 常见副词后缀：-ly，如：deliberately，completely，remarkably，在根据前后文判断每空的词性时，一些经常考察的形式如下：名词：名词通常来说，（如a，the）形容词、冠词an，、介词后面搭配名词，即“a/an/the/adj./prep. + n.”，举例说明：12

Education soon became a _____. 冠词a 后面加可数名词的单数形式，正确答案是nightmare，这句话的意思是“教育很快成了一种噩梦。” As the trade winds lessen in _____, the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 degrees. (06-6) 介词in 后面加名词，正确答案是strength，这句话的意思是“当信风强度减弱的时候，海洋温度上升，导致从东部流入的秘鲁洋流上升了5 摄氏度之多。” 较难的一个例子：Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a ____ that has changed the target market for many products. (06-12) 这里可以用两种判断方法来判断横线处所填词的词性。第一种方法，用句子结构来判断，前面一句话，husbands and children now do some of these jobs，这是一个完整的句子，主语husbands and children，谓语动词do，宾语some of these jobs；后面的that 引导的是一个同位语从句，它所修饰的中心词就是a 后面需要填的词，而定语从句的中心词是名词，所以横线处应填一个名词。第二种方法，根据刚才所说的“a + 名词”的语法规则来判断，横线处应该填一个名词，而且是一个可数名词的单数形式。正确答案是situation。这句话的意思是“丈夫和孩子现在也做一些这样的工作了，这种情况就改变了许多产品的目标市场。” 动词：动词动词的考点很多，我们来看其中三种：1. 主语后缺谓语动词。举例说明：He ____ from his teachers, came home in tears and thought about dropping out. 在这句话里，主语是he，本来后面应该有一个动词作谓语，但是这里没有动词，而是在横线后面出现了一个介词短语from his teachers，这样这句话就缺少谓语动词，所以横线上应该填一个动词。正确答案是hid，这句话的意思是“他不愿见老师，哭着回家，想要退学。” That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who ___ in pain medicine. (07-6) 在这句话里，who___ in pain medicine 是physicians 的定语从句，这个定语从句的主语是who，后面也没有跟动词作谓语，而是直接出现了一个介词短语in pain medicine，因此横线上应该填一个动词，而physicians 是复数，这就决定了who 也是复数，这样横线所填的动词应该与主语性数搭配一致。正确答案是specialize，这句话的意思是“这就是为什么，越来越多的医院现在都依赖上了止痛药配给专家。” 2. 当出现“一

个完整的句子+ ，____ + 名词/介词”的结构时，逗号后边的部分是伴随状语，表示伴随状态或者表示原因，应当填动词加ing 形式或动词加ed 形式。当这个动词与句子主语是主动关系，填动词加ing 形式，当两者是被动关系，填动词加ed 形式。举例说明：The rainfall is increased across South America, ___ floods to Peru. (06-6) 根据独立主格结构原则，应该填动词ing 或动词ed，选项中只有bringing 符合要求。从意思来看，bring“带来”与rainfall“降雨”之间是主动关系，即“the rainfall brings floods”，所以用bringing 无论从意思上还是结构上都符合要求。3. 横线处如果填谓语动词，往往与上下半句的谓语动词时态一致。

举例说明：In particular, when older patients ___ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. (07-6) 上半句when 的从句里有主语patients 但没有谓语，因此横线处填谓语动词。下半句的谓语动词为were 和would 都是一般过去时，因此横线里填一个一般过去时的谓语动词。正确答案是complained。形容词：形容词当出现“a/the/the most/more +___+名词”的结构时，横线处通常填形容词举例说明：The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most _____ weather in modern history. (06-6) the most 后面加形容词，表示形容词的最高级。正确答案是destructive。副词：副词 1. 当一句话完整的时候，句尾的空往往是副词。举例说明：Today, we lake pain _____. （07-6）这句话有主语we，谓语lake，宾语pain，表达完整的意思，句尾判断应该填副词。正确答案是seriously。

2. 当一句话出现“主语+ ___ + 谓语”的情况时，横线处通常填副词。举例说明：In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students ____ outperform their peers in monolingual programs.主语是students，谓语是outperform，两者之间通常填副词。正确答案是consistently。记背选词填空选项的重点范围：记背选词填空选项的重点范围：1. 历年曾经考过的复合式听写的单词2. 历年曾经考过的完形填空的选项，仔细阅读态度题的选项

3. 历年曾经考过的真题中的高频词汇阅读细节题的做法——词对应法阅读细节题的做法——词对应法巧做细节题——北京新东方学校陈科在最近几次的四级考试当细节题所占比例有所增加，从2006 年题型改革之前的40%提高到50%。我们可以这么说，“得细节题者得天下”。不过非常可惜的是，考生们在细节题部分的得分率并不理想。其实经过一段时间的复习之后考生们已经能够对一些基本解题思路比较清楚，也能够形成一套固定的解题流程。比如，解决细节题，首先就是在题干中寻找关键词，然后将关键词代入文章找到它在原文中的位置，接着仔细分析该句然后找到对应选项。不过，在多年的教学当中笔者发现，恰巧是最后一步——找到与原文对应的选项成为了绝大多数考生的拦路虎。广大考生所面临的实际情况是，文章好像也看懂了，重点也找到了，但是四个选项看起来却是“乱花渐欲迷人眼”让人无所适从——症结所在就是无法找到真正与原文对应的最

佳选项，欠缺应有的甄别能力。这个问题该如何解决呢？这就是今天要向读者朋友们介绍的方法：逐词对应法。下面结合一篇四级阅读真题，对此加以说明。(段落和题目有删节)：In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain school District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement. ”We’re worried about our teachers and principals, and we really don’t want to lose them because of this,” one parent sail. “If we can help ease their financial burden, we will. ” … The 22,000-student district discovered the shortage last month.“It’s extraordinary. Nobody would

have imagined something happening like this at this level,” said State Treasurer Mike Coffman. At Coffman’s request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the dist rict’s finances. Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools. … At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum(论坛)。“Rumors about what’s happening to the district are moving at lighting speed, “said a student. “We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.” 28.In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman, the educational budget shortage is_________. A) unavoidable B) unthinkable C) insolvable D) irreversible 29.Why did Coffman request an investigation? A) To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem. B) To find out the extent of the consequences of the case. C) To make sure that the school principals were innocent. D) To stop the voters approving the $212 million bong issue. 30.Three high school students started a website in order

to__________. A) attract greater public attention to their needs B) appeal to the public for contributions and donations C) expose officials who neglected their duties D) keep people properly informed of the crisis

28 题问的是Mike Coffman 对预算短缺问题看法。一般考生都可以分析出来此题所针对的是文章第2 段当中Coffman 所说的“Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level”（几乎没有人能够想象到会发生程度如此严重的问题）。大概说来Coffman 想要强调的是问题的严重性。不过分析四个选项之后我们发现命题者可谓是颇费心思，所设计的四个选项unavoidable （难以避免）unthinkable 难以设想）insolvable 、（、（无法解决）还有irreversible（覆水难收）都有“问题严重”这个含义在内，这就使得不少考生犯难了。而逐词对应这个方法就是要告诫我们抛开对选项和原文的表面化和简单化的了解，要深入到其中的核心词汇，逐个加以分析。比如28 题的四个选项，在经过纵向比较之后不难发现它们虽然表面意思比较接近但是其中的动词词根的意义差别却相当巨大，分别为avoid（避免）、think、solve（解决）和reverse （颠倒）。接着我们回看原文，在Coffman 所说的这句话中真正的实义动词就是imagine 想象）很明显，（。只有B 选项的think 最能够传达原文的意思。29 题问Coffman 为什么要求对该地财政状况进行调查。第三段第二句告诉我们he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election（他想知道是否有当地官员故意掩盖预算短问题缺，一直拖到11 月份选举）。根据逐词对应的思路，我们首先要提炼出原文当中的核心词汇——尤其是实义动词，因为动词牵涉到全句的基本含义，所以实义动词的提取和比较也就是它的精髓所在。原句的实义动词有两部分，首先是主句的“wants to know”，显然 D 选项的动词stop 是无法与之对应的，自然被排除。接着我们又看到原句中的第二个动词hid，在这儿它的意思是掩盖。分析到此相信大家都明白了，能够和它对等的就是B 选项中的cover-up。逐词对应避免了对无关或者多余信息的比较，直指核心，确实达到了事半功倍的效果。最后一题在当年的考试当中是得分率最低的一个。但是在使用了逐词对应之后相信读者们会迅速做出正确判断。30 题针对的是全文最后一句，“We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.”（我们想要了解事实并将向公众传达）。不难发现这句话中的实义动词有两个，know 和spread。值得注意的是这里的spread 是传播的意思。

再来看看四个选项的动词部分，A 选项是attract，吸引；B 选项是appeal to，在本句中的意思是呼吁；C 选项是expose，揭露；D 选项是动词词组，keep somebody informed，告知、通知某人。既然原文讲到学生门成立网站的目的是要“了解”和“传播”事实，那就是要让大家都知道事实，或者说把事实情况告诉给周围的人，显而易见，D 选项成为了不二的选择。综上所述，逐词对应法主要由两个部分组成。首先是要提取核心词汇——主要是实义动词——理解它们在原文和选项中的正确含义；接下来只要找到包含与原文意义一致的选项即可。希望考生朋友们能够仔细体会，帮助自己迅速提高解题正确率。阅读备考策略大起底北京新东方学校陈科12 月18

号的四级考试正在逐步逼近。对于绝大部分考生而言，这个十月意味着我们已经正式进入到备战阶段，单纯的背诵单词业已无法满足要求。更为重要的是，我们必须把

复习的重点由基本词汇的积累和构建逐步转移到熟悉命题特征、摸索考题规律上来，以求有的放矢、迅速突破，为最后的冲刺阶段打下坚实的基础。那么命题的规律是什么，近年真题又能对我们有什么启发？正所谓温故而知新，下面笔者结合近两次的精细阅读和选词填空考题为大家逐一解开疑惑。一、精细阅读——有效定位，拨开迷雾精细阅读——有效定位——有效定综观近年考题，一个很有意思的趋势就是文章段落数在不断增加。2008 年12 月份的两篇文章首度突破十段话的大关，到了2009 年12 月份更是涨到了14 段。今年6 月份的考题整体难度偏低，但两篇文章也都有6、7 段。由此看来，现在的命题者似乎特别偏好这样一类文章——“散文”。当然，此处笔者所谓的散文不是指文体，而是就其结构特点而言：文章段落多，每段话却又只有寥寥数语。碰到这种文章，考生朋友们似乎都感觉很棘手。文章不仅篇幅冗长而且结构模糊，林林总总十几段话着实不知道该从何下手。试图全文通读，怎奈阅读速度所限无法实现；想逐个击破，却又不知从何处读起只好望洋兴叹。其实应对这种考题模式万变不离其宗的规律就是从题干入手，挑选关键词，藉由关键词的提示迅速判断有效段落的位置，各个击破，从而提高效率。在此不妨以2009 年12 月份的阅读文章为例。（有删节）Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they'll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, I'm more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world's attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see. …Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can't escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers. These images have helped define …. It won't be easy. Because few …. Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they'd like to see Michelle bring to the White House ----mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone — an impossible task, But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that's been around for far too long. 也许有考生会认为这篇文章篇幅有限，大可全文通读以后再来处理。其实大可不必。首先我们查阅一下文后的五个题目。

57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author? 58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?

59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs? 60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady? 61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do? 很明显，每一道题目设问对象都是相当明确，我们要从中挑选出具有标识性意义的词汇来指导自己寻找和定位原文。能够起到这种作用的词汇就称之为关键词。必须注意到的是关键词都必须是每个题目中所独有的特殊词汇，尤其像是专有名词和时间、数字这类词。以57 题为例，其中就有专有名词Michelle Obama。不过这个词在最后三题当中都有出现，特殊性陡然下降。但细细看来，题干中还有一个词——fascination（着迷），该词本身就属于四级考纲中的难度词汇。说到这里大家也明白了，能够充当关键词的不仅有特殊词，还有另外很重要的一类——陌生词汇和难度词汇。把握这个原则我们再来看58 题，不难发现，stereotype 也同属特殊词汇。相同的情况还有59 题的blogs 和60 题的First Lady。61 题的情况比较特殊，其中的几个专有名词在之前都曾出现。不过，由于四级出题顺序一般与原文大致相同，由此不难推测出该题应当针对文章最后一段。找到这些关键词以后，可以说我们已经完全抢占了解题的制高点。接下来的工作可以说是水到渠成——按照关键词的提示找到它们在原文所出现的位置，由此即可抓住在本文中真正有效的部分迅速解题。将57 题的fascination 代入原文很快看到它出现在第一段第二句当中，这与近年来命题的规律也是吻合的——顺序出题。根据题目要求，不难发现就是从该段第三句开始揭晓答案。美国历史上第一位入住白宫的黑人总统，还有他身边这位前无古人的黑人女性是让千千万万美国少数族裔尤其是黑人倍感激动的原因。而本文作者，作为一名女性似乎更看重的是这位新任白宫女主人在第一家庭中所能发挥的独特作用。其实读完第一段以后整篇文章的主题也就显现出来了。如法炮制，就能找到58 题关键词stereotype 出现在文章第二段。不过更有意思的是，我们发现全文最后一段，也就是第五段居然把59、60 两题的关键词blog 和first lady 全部囊括在内。结合我们刚才所讲的，61 题其实也针对末段。这样看来第五段是文章中重要性最高的一段，而第三、第四两段居然是一题没出。回头来想，如果没有事先作定位的工作那么现场考试当中就会浪费大量时间。2008 年12 月的两篇文章分别有11 和12 段，完全可以想像如果这两篇文章不作定位而直接阅读的话将会事倍功半费力不讨好。同样的情况也出现在今年6 月份的题目当中。文章有六段话，依照关键词都可以快速突破。比如第63 题What is the finding of the Canadian researchers? A) Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good.

B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems. C) Unhappy people cannot think positively. D) The power of positive thinking is limited.

按照刚才我们所讲的规律，其中的Canadian 自然就是关键词。依此线索很快找到文章第二段，Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are。那么最后这个小分句——it can simply highlight how unhappy they are（这只能凸显出他们心情有多么糟糕）——非常明显地证明了积极思考（positive thinking）的局限性，因此选择D 选项。二、选词填空——三步解题，轻松有效选词填空——三步解题，选词填空——三步解题一、筛选单词。通过多年的教学我们发现，抛开文章本身不论，选词填空的15 个备选单词往往就是给大家造成的第一个障碍。实际上最行之有效的办法就是从中挑选出大

家最熟悉的若干单词进行选择，而将陌生词汇排除在考虑范围之外。实际上，15 个单词当中真正能成为答案的也只有10 个，而这10 个当中又有绝大多数的都属于基本词汇的范畴。所以与其冥思苦想执着于若干难词、长词，还不如把注意力集中到自己熟悉的简单词上来，重点突破，效率更高。二、词性分类。挑选出熟悉单词之后我们不妨根据词性将这些单词分门别类，便于待会逐一对应。多年以来的四级选词填空只曾涉及过四类词：动词、名词、形容词和副词。特别是形容词和副词，即使我们不太熟悉，一般也可以通过词尾作出大概的判断。三、对号入座。与大家所想象的不一样的是，判断选词填空的答案除了要考虑前后文以外还必须照顾到词性。有时候词性的判断可能比单纯考虑上下文速度更快。譬如今年 6 月份的考题：…and it would be greener versions。47 空放在了形容词wasteful 之前，当然只有副词才能修饰。而在15 个备选词汇中也只有incredibly 这唯一一个副词，选它可谓是当仁不让。观察48 空的特点，也不难发现在它之前出现的and 有着特别的提示作用。作为由and 相连的平行结构，其前后部分的语法作用必须相同。既然在and 之前的部分是动词不定式to tear down 那么在and 之后的部分也必须是与之呼应的动词原形。找到动词原形这个突破口之后，备选词的范围就已经被大大缩小。所以在仅余的两个原形动词protect 和replace 当中也只有replace 能够符合上下文的要求。这个protect 当然也还有用武之地。文章的最后一句：And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help rising power costs…. 其中56 空放在动词help 之后，空白之后的部分又是一个完整的宾语和宾语补足语，所以此处只能再挑选一个动词。受到help 的影响，56 空中的动词也只能是原形——protect。最后要给大家补充一点。选词填空本身难度不低，基础一般的考生在该部分只要能够做对5 到 6 个题即可。所以在自己所熟悉的单词范围内进行选择尽管可能分数不高，但至少能达到全国考生的平均水平。精细阅读技巧精细阅读技巧56 property owners from 47 wasteful to tear them all down and 48 them with

北京新东方尹延说明：精读在四六级考试中占20%，共计十题，均为选择题。精细阅读基本解答方法：审题—看文章—解题。精细阅读基本解答方法：审题—看文章—解题。阅读基本解答方法1、审题，勾画出题干中的重要信息，以作为关键词回到原文中寻找定位。审题，审题2、看文章，有详有略，重点读懂全文开头以及每段开头抓出文章主题结构，同时标记看文章，看文章关键词和一些重点出题的特殊语言形式，如因果、转折、比较等。3、解题，贯彻“对应”的原则，把有关键词定位的原文与选项相对应，对原文信息完解题，解题整同义改写的选项既为答案。例题：分钟内完成，请勿使用任何词典类工具书。例题：请在18 分钟内完成，请勿使用任何词典类工具书。Passage One Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. 1The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea. 2Erosion (侵蚀) of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. 3Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry

sea. Angry owners have called on the Government to erect 4sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would 1cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely 2make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to 5buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home. 1. What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face? A) The rising of the sea level. B) The experts’ lack of knowledge. C) The washing-away of limestone cliffs. D) The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.（D）2. The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England ________.

A) will soon become a problem for people living in central England B) has now become a threat to the local residents C) can be stopped if proper measures are taken D) is quickly changing the map of England（B）3. The experts’ study on the problem of erosion can ________. A) warn people whose homes are in danger（D）B) provide an effective way to slow it down C) help

to prevent it from worsening D) lead to its eventual solution 4. It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because ________. A) house agents along the coast do not support the idea B) it is too costly and will endanger neighboring areas C) the government is too slow in taking action D) they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents（A）5. According to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of England, people should ________. A) take the quality of the house into consideration B) guard against being cheated by the house agent C) examine the house carefully before making a decision D) be aware of the potential danger involved（A）答案：答案：CBABD 文章分析：文章分析：典型问题解答型文章，提出问题、分析问题、解决问题各成一段。第1 题针对问题成因发问，一段前两句交代问题本身，有现象就会有解释，第三句解释原因，C 选项的washing-away 对应原文的eaten into。第 3 题针对experts’ study 发问，也就是分析问题，对应在二段三行找到定位，A 选项的warn 对应原文的forecasting。BCD 都同时找到了有效的方案，原文仅仅forecast 无方案，故排除。第4 题针对sea defenses 这个解决方案发问，对应在三段开头，题干not feasible 对应原文impossible，有观点就会有原因，为什么不可行，原因就在impossible 后面，原因有12 两点，对应B 选项。Passage Two Questions 6 to 10are based on the following passage. Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher 6was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.

The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20

minutes during which different referees were in charge. Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number7. The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly,8 he found that 1errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows2 the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters. There also seemed to be3 an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second. If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. 10He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical. 6. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________. A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup B) analyze the causes of errors made by football referees C) set a standard for football refereeing D) reexamine the rules for football refereeing（B）7. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________. A) slightly above average B) higher than in the 1998 World Cup C) quite unexpected D) as high as in a standard match（C）8. The findings of the experiment show that ________. A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball B) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors C) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur D) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot（A）9. ________. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to

A) the researchers involved in the experiment B) the inspectors of the football tournament C) the referees of the football tournament D) the observers at the site of the experiment（C）10. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment? A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is

45. B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.

C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible. D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.（B）答案：答案：BCACB 文章分析：文章分析：典型实验型文章，包含五大要素：目的、原理、方法、数据、结论。其中，实验原理过于专业几乎不考，实验方法、数据等细节性描写，属于次要信息很少考到，重点关注实验的目的与结论。第6 题针对mean to 目的发问，对应文章开头目的性表达。第7 题针对number 数据发问，注意数据本身不重要，数据前或后的结论才重要，a remarkably high number 是三段唯一值得关注的有效信息，high 而不是higher 说明原文没有比较，是一个绝对高的数字，选项A （above）B（higher）D（as…as）都包含了比较，故排除。第8 题针对findings 结论发问，按照出题顺序，对应在文章中间的四、五段，分别由found、show 引导出12

两个结论关于distance，同时由一个并列连词also 引出3 第三个结论关于speed。因为原文提及出optimum (最佳的)，因此既不能过近或过远也不能过快或过慢，故BC 排除。第10 题针对conclusions 结论发问，按顺序对应在最后，末段结论45 退休misguided，故A 排除。原文physical condition is less critical（critical：the most important），故C 排除。D 中poor physical condition 的poor 含义过于宽泛，意味physical condition 无所谓不重要，只要有经验就可以，而原文less critical 虽非最重要，但绝对意义上仍然重要不能忽视，故D 排除。完形填空考点及解题技巧北京新东方学校周洁通过研究历年考题发现，考生要准确补全文章空白处，使其意义连贯，应实现四种类型的语篇衔接，即语义衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接和惯用衔接。要实现这四种衔接，考生可联系上下文逻辑关系，或依据一些线索词来完成。下面我们从词汇、语法、语篇三个层面介绍一下完形填空的做题技巧。(一) 词汇完形填空中词汇测试重点：1、同义词、近义词辨析题（可分为从词义辨析、从习惯搭同义词、近义词辨析题同义词配辨析、从句型结构辨析三类）；2、形近词辨析题形近词辨析题；3、短语动词与动词词组题短语动词与动词词组题（可分为形近词辨析题短语动词与动词词组题

短语动词、动词词组及动词的结构）；4、介词及其搭配题介词及其搭配题（可分为介词成语和复合介词短介词及其搭配题语与动词的固定搭配，与形容词或用做形容词的过去分词的固定搭配，与名词或代词的固定搭配）。选择时要根据上下文，甚至在通篇理解的基础上，往往不能根据一句话做出准确的选择，要防止“见树不见林”的现象。(二) 语法完形填空中常出现的语法考点：连词(名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)、动词的时态、语态、语气、情态动词、非谓语、不定代词的用法、比较级的使用等等。(三) 语篇1.利用句中的释义、同义替换或定语解释利用句中的释义、在阅读过程中碰到意义不清的词语，有时句子本身就包含一些线索，如同义、反义关系、定义、比喻、同位语、举例、归纳、归类等等，考生要学会在句中找出这些线索从而更好地理解短文内容。例如06 年12 月真题The Speaker has to translate thoughts into __80__ language. 80. A) body B) gesture C) written D) spoken 80 题与language 搭配的有A、C、D，本句话中的speaker 给80 题提供了信息，所以选择D。2.通过理解上下文语义，根据相关线索词作逻辑推理通过理解上下文语义，原因、结果：(1) 原因、结果：表示某一事物发生的原因。表示原因的连词写在表示原因的句子内，结果连词用来连接某一事物所引起的结果。表达原因、结果的常用词或词组有：because，since，due to the fact that，therefore，as，so，thus，hence，accordingly，consequently，as a result，as a consequence，now that，in that 等。转折、让步：(2) 转折、让步：它表示后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。常用的词或词组有：however，vet，but，anyhow，anyway，nevertheless，in spite of 等。比较、对比：比较关系表示意义上的相似关系；对比关系表示意义上的不同或相反。(3) 比较、对比：表达比较、对比的常见词和词组有：in comparison，by comparison，like，as，just as，in contrast，by contrast，conversely，oppositely，on the contrary，instead of，rather than 等。列举：(4) 列举：指叙述一系列相关的事实、观点等。表示列举逻辑关系的可以是单词，也可以是词组，常见的有：first(ly)，second(ly)，third(ly)…；first，next，then，last：one，two，three…；for one thing，for another thing…等。递进：表示对前一个事实或观点做进一步的阐述。表示这种逻辑关系的词或词组常(5) 递进：用的有：also，too，similarly，further，moreover，likewise，addition，in furthermore，what's more，not only…but also…，some…others…等。3.根据上下文，寻找复现词语根据上下文，词汇的复现关系是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、

近义词、反义词、概括词等出现在语篇中，句子通过这种重现关系得到了相互衔接。根据这一原则，有时某一个空格所对应的答案可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词。我们可以根据这些复现词之间的有机联系找到正确的答案。例如05 年1 月真题The (way) you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 68 you money or can add (to) the cost. 68. A) save B) preserve C) raise D) retain 此题有两种解题线索，第一可以通过文章的中心主题句判断

答案，文章在开头句提出“理智的购买可以让你的钱越走越远，即理智的购买可以帮你省钱”（Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. ），由此推出答案选项是A；第二也可以通过下文中you'll be saving money in the long 81 saving money 的复现关系推出答案选项是A。4.根据语境，利用文章线索、举例或提示根据语境，利用文章线索、所谓语境就是我们常说的上下文。广义的语境指所有的上下文，段与段之间、句子与句子之间、句子与段之间的语义关系。一切语义的理解都离不开上下文。狭义的语境是指句子内部的词语在语义上的联系，我们根据这些联系和选项的辨析选出正确的答案，这种语境原则上应与词汇水平中的辨析结合起来。由于完形填空的短文是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，它所讨论的是同一主题，行文中的替代现象和词语重复都是不可避免的。因此在解答时，应该瞻前顾后，寻找相关线索，如同义、近义词，有时甚至直接搬用文章中的词语或短语。考生应该学会跳出句子层次，联系句与句之间的意义衔接和前后段落的呼应关系，在大范围内进行总体把握。 5.利用文章相关背景知识和常识完形填空短文的内容经常涉及到的是日常生活或常识。例如，2007 年6 月考到的短文是关于地震的话题。如果出现这种情况，要善于利用相关背景或常识来增强理解，帮助答题。例如2007 年6 月真题An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005.it took some 75,000 例如lives, __67__130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. 67. A) injured B) ruined C) destroyed D) damaged 个选项只能修饰建筑物，不能修饰人。请在10 分钟内完成以下题目2010 年 6 月真题The term e-commerce refers to all commercial transactions conducted over the Internet, including transactions by consumers and business-to-business transactions. Conceptually, e-commerce does not order to supplier 68 67 from well-known commercial 69 71 72 in other online an item, offerings such as banking by phone, "mail order" catalogs, or sending a purchase fax.

E-commerce follows the same model 70 in the details. business transactions; the difference 通过生活常识可以得知在地震中经常会报道有多少人受伤，多少人死亡，多少人无家可归，由此判断出答案应该是A，其他三

To a consumer, the most visible form of e-commerce consists ordering. A customer begins with a catalog of possible items, arranges a form of payment, and 73 e-commerce arranges for ca

talogs to be 74

an order. Instead of a physical catalog, on the Internet. Instead of sending 75 a an order on paper or by telephone, e-commerce arranges for orders to be sent as a check, e-commerce In the decade 77 76

computer network. Finally, instead of sending a paper representation of payment such one to send payment information electronically. 78 novelty ( 新奇事物) 80 a 79 had a web page, and 1993, e-commerce grew from an

to a mainstream business influence. In 1993, few

handful allowed one to order products or services online. Ten years large and small businesses had web pages, and most to place an order. services 86 and bill paying became 82 83 , many banks added online access, 84

, both

users with the opportunity online banking

85 . More importantly, the value of goods and

over the Internet grew dramatically after 1997. C) differ D) derive C) from D) off C) resorted D) served C) roots D) locates C) for D) to C) protects D) selects C) stands for D) carries away C) feasible D) sensible C) beyond D) up C) advocates D) allows C) until D) toward C) occasional D) insignificant C) corporations D) compounds C) solely D) only C) late D) latter C) equipped D) provided

67. A) distract B) descend 68. A) with B) via 69. A) appeared B) used 70. A) situates B) lies 71. A) on B) of 72. A) reflects B) detects 73. A) sends in B) puts out 74. A) visible B) responsible 75. A) beside B) over 76. A) appeals B) admits

77. A) after B) behind 78. A) optional B) invalid 79. A) communities B) corps 80.

A) largely B) slightly 81. A) lately B) later 82. A) offered B) convinced

83. A) Instead B) Nevertheless 84. A) and B) or 85. A) different B) flexible 86.

A) acquired B) adapted Keys：Keys：67-71 CBBBB 答案解析第67 题考动词词义辨析72-76 DAABD 77-81 ADCDB

C) However D) Besides C) but D) though C) widespread D) productive C) practiced D) proceeded 82-86 DDACA

而且是考与from 的搭配，有三个选项可以入选，A

distract…from“分散；使分心”；C differ … from“与……不同”；D derive … from “起源；源自”；根据句意A、D 均不符合题意，所以答案是C。第74 题考形容词词义辨析此题可以利用本段中心主题句中出现的复现关系推出答案选项是A。第76 题考动词词义辨析appear 是不及物动词，一般与for 连用，译为“呼吁”；admit 一般跟动名词作宾语，译为“容许, 承认”；advocate 是及物动词“提倡, 鼓吹”；allow sb to do “允许某人做某事”，根据原文判断只有 D 符合题意。第79 题考名词词义辨析community “社区，团体”；corp 如果首字母大写Corp 是公司的缩写，所以此单词是错误的；corporation “公司，企业”；compound“混合物，化合物”，此题可以通过同意替换的方法做题，下文中提到small business,与其意思相近的选项是C。第80 题考形近词辨析lately 与recently 同义，译为“最近”；later “多长时间之后”，常与时间词连用；late “晚, 迟, 最近, 在晚期”,常表示晚于通常时间的；latter 指“两者之中的后者”，根据句意答案是B。第80 题考动词词义辨析offer sb to do sth“向某人提供”，一般表示主动的给予；convince sb of sth 或convince sb that 常用被动语态，译为“使某人信服；使某人确信”；equip “装备, 配备”，常与with 连用；provide sb with sth “将某物提供给某人”，provide sth for sb “为某人提供某物”，根据句意所以答案选择D。第85 题考形容词词义辨析different “不同的”；flexible “的, 灵活的, 柔软的, 能变形的”；widespread “分布广泛的, 普遍的”；productive “生产的,多产的”，此题根据本段中心主题句判断出答案选项是C。翻译四大考点北京新东方学校王江涛从2006 年6 月24 日到2010 年6 月，共有九次新四级考试。在新四级翻译考试中，很多核心考点

反复重考。下面以2010 年 6 月真题为例，详细讲解四级翻译四大考点。

一、四级核心词组：四级核心词组：例如have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something （做某事有困难）已经考过三次，需要注意的是，in 可以省略，后面要使用动词的动名词形式。1）2006 年 6 月87 题：Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble （找到去历史博物馆的路）. 解析：答案为(in) finding the way to the Museum of History，“历史博物馆”最好译为“the Museum of History”，专有名词注意大小写。2）2009 年6 月87 题：Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had （很难跟上班里的同学）in math and English. 解析：答案为difficulty in catching up with his classmates，此题也考察了catch up with（跟上）这一四级核心词组。3）2010 年6 月87 题：Because of noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty (集中注意力在实验上). 解析：答案为(in) focusing/concentrating on her experiment，此题亦考察focus/concentrate on（集中注意力）这一四级核心词组。二、倒装句:考过三次，需要注意的前半句与后半句时态应前后呼应。倒装句: 1）大纲样题88 题：Not only job either. 解析：答案为did he charge me too much/overcharge me，本句后半句使用了一般过去时，前半句也应使用一般过去时，not only 放在句首引导倒装句。“收费过多”可译为overcharge me 或charge me too much.。2）2008 年6 月91 题：ill. 解析：答案为Not until he had accomplished his mission，此题后半句使用一般过去时，前半句动作发生在后半句之前，应使用过去完成时。Not until 放在句首引导倒装句，“完成使命”应译为accomplish the mission。3）2010 年 6 月88 题：The manager never laughed; neither （她也从来没有发过脾气）. 解析：答案为did she lose her temper，前半句使用一般过去时，后半句也应使用一般过去时。“发脾气”应译为lose one’s temper，neither 放在句首引导倒装句。三、被动语态：考过六次被动语态：1）2006 年6 月91 题：Though a skilled worker, （他被公司解雇了）last week because of the economic crisis. 解析：答案为he was fired by the company，需要注意的是，本句应使用一般过去时。2）2007 年12 月91 题：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量）, not how much they can earn. 解析：答案为is measured by how much they can borrow，“用···来衡量”应译为is measuered by；by 后面接how much 引导的宾语从句。（直到他完成使命）he realize that he was seriously did （他向我收费过高）but he didn’t do a good repair ,

3）2008 年6 月87 题：efforts will pay off if the results of this research Our 应用于新技术的开发）

（能

解析：答案为can be applied to the development of new technology，“应用于” 应译为be applied to。4）2008 年12 月91 题：The anti-virus agent was not known 然发现了他）. 解析：答案为until it was accidently found by a doctor，本句使用被动语态更加地道，“偶然”可译为accidentally 或by accident。5）2009 年6 月91 题：The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is （与缺乏锻炼密切相关）. 解析：答案为closely related to the lack of exercise，“与······密切相关”应译为be closely related to；“缺乏锻炼”译为the lack of exercise。6）2010 年6 月89 题：We look forward to （被邀请出席开幕式）. 解析：答案为being invited to attend the opening ceremony。本句前半句出现了look forward to，此

处的to 为介词，后面应使用动名词形式；“被邀请”应译为be invited to；“出席”应译为attend；“开幕式”译为opening ceremony。四、虚拟语气：考过五次。最常考的考点有两个：一是require 或suggest 等动词+that 引导的建议句型，后面应使用should+动词原形，should 可以省略；二是从句使用if 引导的过去完成时，主句使用would+现在完成时。1）2006 年6 月89 题：The professor required that（我们交研究报告）by Wednesday. 解析：答案为we hand in our research report (s)。前半句使用requeire+that 引导的建议句型，属于虚拟语气的一种。后半句应使用should+动词原形，should 可以省略。“研究报告”使用单复数均可。2）2006 年12 月89 题：The victim taken to hospital in time. 解析：答案为would have had a chance to survive/of survival。后半句是条件状语从句，使用了过去完成时，前半句主句应使用would+现在完成时。“活下来”可译为to survive 或of survival 作后置定语。3）2009 年6 月88 题：If he had returned an hour earlier, Mary 不会被大雨淋了）. 解析：答案为wouldn’t have been caught by the heavy rain。前半句是条件状语从句，使用了过去完成时，后半句主句应使用would+现在完成时。“大雨”应译为heavy rain。4）2009 年12 月87 题：You would not have failed if you （按照我的指令去做）. （就（本来有机会活下来）if he had been （直到一名医生偶

解析：答案为had followed my instructions。前半句主句出现了would+现在完成时，后半句条件状语从句应使用过去完成时。“按照”应译为follow；“指令”译为instruction。5）2010 年6 月90 题：It is suggested that the air conditioner （要安装在窗户旁边）. 解析：答案为(should) be fixed/installed beside the window。前半句使用了it is suggested that 引导的建议句型，属于特殊虚拟语气的一种，后半句应使用should+动词原形。“安装”应译为fix 或install；“在窗户旁边”译为beside the window。翻译主要考点北京新东方学校李艳华四级翻译部分为汉译英，共5 个句子，一句一题，句长为15-30 词，句中的一部分已用英文给出，考生需根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语，考试时间5 分钟。翻译题重点考察考生对语法结构及常用英语表达习惯的掌握情况。若考生语法功底较好且句型和词组储备丰富，那么此题不会太为难。和作文相比，翻译虽只是个把句子，但来路不明难以猜测。作文尚可背诵模板以备执笔急需之用，而翻译则全无，它微小零星却锋利难防，并将考生模板式作文的画皮扯下，暴露其撰句能力的真实面目，所以令人可畏。根据近几年的翻译真题来看，针对某项语法重复考察率比较高，所以对曾经考察过的语法点依然不可松懈。下面所提一些重点语法项目，并提出一些建议，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。（1）句型以及其倒装使用2008 年6 月翻译真题第91 题：__________________________(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. (Key：Not until he accomplished / finished the mission ) 建议：以此类推，掌握如下常用句型（以倒装方式给出）Not only ……..but also…… So

( Such )…that…….. Not until………. Neither…..nor…….. Hardly …..when…….. No sooner ……than……. Only by /through /in …., ………….. 例：Not only __________ (他向我收费过高)but he didn’t do a good repair. （key：did he charge me too much）（2）从句a. 定语从句2008 年12 月翻译真题第87 题：

Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems

_________________(他们至今还没有答案) （Key :which/that they haven’t found answers to）b. 状语从句真题中出现过如if 条件状语从句（2007 年6 月第91 题），no matter 引导的让步状语从句（2007 年12 月第89 题和2008 年6 月第89

2013年12月大学英语四级听力真题(附原文及答案解析)

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